Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several conventional and genetically recombinant modified-live viral (MLV) vaccines are used to control pseudorabies virus infections (Aujeszky's disease, PRV) in swine. Differentiating vaccinal PRV (V-PRV) from wild PRV (WT-PRV) is important for herd health, regulatory and forensic purposes, and for studies of PRV latency and epidemiology. All PRV vaccines used currently contain glycoprotein I (gI) and/or thymidine kinase (TK) gene deletions, whereas WT-PRV typically contain intact gI and TK genes. Utilizing these differences we developed an effective but simple differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach based upon the amplification of gI and TK gene polymorphisms. The primary immunoreactive epitope-encoding region of the gI gene and nearly the entire TK gene were amplified and analyzed using nested PCR procedures. TK and gI PCR products were cleaved with Sal I and Sac I, and Nco I restriction enzymes respectively. PCR product and restriction fragment length polymorphisms enabled most V-PRV to be clearly distinguished from each other, and all of them, as a group, clearly differentiated from typical WT-PRV. Mixtures of V-PRV and WT-PRV could be identified as such. The uncommon but occasional occurrence of atypical WT-PRV containing altered gI and/or TK genes indicates the need for interpretive caution, particularly if aberrant gene segment polymorphisms are observed. This rapid and precise molecular approach will facilitate regulatory monitoring, epidemiological investigations, diagnostic differentiation, purity testing and latency/recrudescence studies with the class of biologicals and offers a model for similar analyses of other MLV biologicals as well.
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PMID:Molecular analysis of pseudorabies viral vaccines and their rapid differentiation from wild-type isolates using DNA-amplified glycoprotein I and thymidine kinase gene segment polymorphisms. 133 75

Only 8% of the sequences of the genomes of pseudorabies (PRV) and herpes simplex (type 1) (HSV) viruses are homologous. These homologous sequences have been shown previously to be distributed throughout most of the genomes of the two viruses. By means of blot hybridization of restriction fragments of HSV-1 DNA to cloned, nick-translated restriction fragments of PRV DNA, it was possible to compare the location on the genomes of these viruses of the homologous regions. The results showed that the genome of PRV is, for the most part, colinear with the IL arrangement of the genome of HSV-1. An inversion or translocation of sequences mapping on the PRV genome between 0.07 and 0.39 map units was observed on the genome of one of these viruses. A comparison of the map positions of five genes with known functions confirmed these findings. The genes coding for the major immediate-early protein, the major capsid protein, and the thymidine kinase occupy similar positions on the genome of PRV and on the genome of HSV-1 in the IL arrangement. However, the genes for DNA polymerase and for the major DNA binding protein appear to be inverted relative to one another on the genomes of the two viruses.
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PMID:Localization of the regions of homology between the genomes of herpes simplex virus, type 1, and pseudorabies virus. 630 15

We have mutagenized and mapped the gene encoding the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR1) in pseudorabies virus (PRV; synonyms Aujeszky's disease virus, suid herpesvirus type 1). PRV strains carrying an oligonucleotide that leads to termination of translation of the RR1 gene are avirulent for mice. We subsequently constructed a PRV strain carrying a deletion in the RR1 gene and also a PRV strain carrying both the deletion in the RR1 gene and a deletion in the glycoprotein g1 gene, which is a marker for PRV virulence. Both PRV strains were assayed for virulence and immunogenicity in pigs, the natural host for PRV. In contrast to a marker-rescued PRV strain, these RR1-deleted mutants were avirulent, were shed in very low titres in the oropharyngeal fluid by the animals, and induced low titres of neutralizing antibodies. However, protection against clinical signs after infection with virulent PRV was induced by both RR1-deleted mutants. The relative importance of viral RR and thymidine kinase enzymes for deoxynucleotide synthesis in viral replication is discussed. In addition, we discuss the potential use of RR as a target for anti-herpesviral drugs and the use of PRV strains, deleted for the RR1 gene, as vaccine strains.
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PMID:Ribonucleotide reductase-deficient mutants of pseudorabies virus are avirulent for pigs and induce partial protective immunity. 838 70

The importance of each of the two interferon (IFN) systems in impeding herpesvirus replication and in stimulating virus-specific lymphocytes to control an acute systemic infection is not completely understood. To further our knowledge, pseudorabies virus, attenuated by deletion of the glycoprotein E gene to impair its neurovirulence and by deletion of the thymidine kinase gene (gE-TK-PRV), was used to infect wild-type 129Sv/Ev and congenic mice with immune system-associated genetic deficiencies. Mice with mature B and T lymphocytes but lacking either one or both functional receptors for members of each of the two IFN families were infected with gE-TK-PRV. At 3 and 7 but not 14 days after infection, replicating gE-TK-PRV could be isolated only from livers or spleens of mice lacking the receptors for both IFN families, and these mice survived the infection. Therefore, functional IFN receptors were not required to induce a protective immune response against an acute infection with gE-TK-PRV. Furthermore, PRV-specific antibodies of all immunoglobulin G isotypes were produced in these mice. Mice without mature B and T lymphocytes and lacking either one or both functional receptors for members of each of the two IFN families were also infected with gE-TK-PRV. Three days after infection, replicating virus could be isolated only from mice lacking both mature B and T lymphocytes and functional IFN receptors, and these mice were not able to clear the virus. We present evidence that mice with an intact gamma IFN system but without mature B and T cells were able to prevent systemic dissemination of gE-TK-PRV.
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PMID:Role of the individual interferon systems and specific immunity in mice in controlling systemic dissemination of attenuated pseudorabies virus infection. 1023 35