Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of compounds, known to influence the intravesicular transport and degradation of macromolecules, was studied for their effect on the efficiency of DNA-mediated gene transfer (transfection). The efficiency of transfection was measured by transformation of rat 2 thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) cells by the cloned herpes simplex I thymidine kinase gene (pAGO). When salmon sperm DNA (average molecular weight, 6 X 10(6) D) was used as a carrier, the presence of either 20 mM NH4Cl, 1 microM carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy phenyl hydrazone (FCCP), or 5 mM 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) in the medium during incubation of the cells with the DNA-calcium-phosphate (DNA-Ca-Pi) precipitate, enhanced the efficiency of transfection by a factor of 10. If rat thymus DNA (greater than 30 X 10(6) D) was used as a carrier, the transformation efficiency was much higher than with salmon sperm DNA. However, in this case treatment with 3-MA, NH4Cl and FCCP enhanced the transformation frequency by slightly less than a factor of two. 3-MA further increased the transfection frequency if the cells were incubated with the compound after removal of the DNA-Ca-Pi coprecipitate, whereas NH4Cl and FCCP had no such effect. Our results strongly suggest that these inhibitors of intracellular degradation can increase the frequency of transformation by increasing the cytoplasmic levels of exogenous DNA.
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PMID:Enhancement of DNA-mediated gene transfer by inhibitors of autophagic-lysosomal function. 659 27

3-Cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine (CNDP) was identified as a potent inhibitor (IC50 value, 4.4 nM) of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (DHUDase) [EC 1.3.1.2], a rate-limiting enzyme in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) degradation. The inhibitory activity of CNDP was about 2,000 times that of uracil under our assay conditions. Kinetic analyses with partially purified enzyme from rat liver revealed that the mechanism of inhibition of DHUDase by CNDP was of mixed type with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 1.51 nM. CNDP had less effect on 5-FU phosphorylation than on 5-FU degradation. The inhibitory effect of CNDP on ribosylation of 5-FU was 600 to 1,000 times less than that on DHUDase. Moreover, CNDP did not inhibit uridine kinase, thymidine kinase, or pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase. Coadministration of CNDP with 1-ethoxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (EM-FU) to rats with Yoshida sarcoma elevated the level of 5-FU in both the blood and the tumor and enhanced the antitumor effect of EM-FU. These findings indicated that CNDP would be a useful chemical modulator in chemotherapy with 5-FU or its prodrugs.
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PMID:3-Cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine (CNDP), a new potent inhibitor of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase. 813 51