Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human involucrin whose gene transcription is directed by a 2456-nucleotide (nt) 5'-noncoding region is a structural component of the epithelial cornified layer. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that this region is transcriptionally active in multiplying keratinocytes and is enhanced by 2 mM CaCl2 treatment. Calcium-independent transcriptional activity and the interaction with the AP-1 transcriptional factor was located on the proximal part (nt -159 to -1) of the 5'-noncoding region. However, CaCl2 responsiveness was mapped to a distal 1185-nt fragment (nt -2456 to -1272). Moreover, this fragment potentiated the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter in normal keratinocytes and is responsive to calcium treatment in a cell type-specific manner. Interestingly, the absence of a 491-nt fragment located between the two enhancer domains (nt -651 to -160) resulted in transcriptional activation in multiplying keratinocytes. This fragment interacts with AP-1 and the YY1 transcriptional silencer. It is concluded that human involucrin 5'-noncoding region contains at least three regulatory domains, a distal CaCl2-responsive enhancer, a putative transcriptional silencer (that interacts with AP-1 and YY1), and a proximal enhancer/promoter (that interacts with AP-1). Thus, this study demonstrates the presence of particular transcriptional factors can potentially regulate the human involucrin expression.
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PMID:Transcriptional analysis of the 5'-noncoding region of the human involucrin gene. 855 Jun 12

We introduced chromosome-mediated genes into mouse thymidine kinase-deficient FM3A (FM3Atk-) cells, by electroporation. The effects of some parameters on the electric shock-mediated transfection of FM3Atk- cells were investigated. Gene transfer of mouse L929 metaphase chromosome DNA into FM3Atk- resulted in a maximum frequency of (3.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) at a cell density of 2.0 x 10(8)/ml and chromosome dosage of 5.0 x 10(7) cell equivalents/ml in a buffer containing 0.25 M mannitol, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1mM CaCl2, and 1 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.1). The highest yield of the transformants was obtained at an electric field strength of 1 kV/cm and a capacitance of 35 microF, with a single exponentially decaying pulse at 0 degrees C was optimal for post-shock incubation after electroporation. The tk gene was detected in the transformants by in situ hybridization analysis.
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PMID:A new and efficient method for gene transfer into mouse FM3A cells using metaphase chromosomes by electroporation. 898 67