Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under study was anaerobic glycolysis, the activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gluco-6-phosphatase in rat kidneys in dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) induced tumors in them. DMNA was administered perorally in the dosage of 10 mg/Kg during 4 weeks (25 mg per rat). Following 8 months tumors developed in the renal cortical substance. The tumor tissue, the renal cortical substance adjacent to the tumor, and the renal cortical substance without macroscopic tumor signs have been studied. An increased glycolysis, hexokinase and lactatedehydrogenase activity were noted, whereas the activity of glucoso-6-phosphatase was diminished in all tissues under examination. Changes of all indices were mostly pronounced in tumor tissue and least significant--in the renal cortical layer without any macroscopic tumor signs.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate metabolism in the kidneys of rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced tumors]. 18 57

1. The effects of dietary energy level and dietary energy source on protein utilization by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) were examined by giving diets containing 400 g crude protein/kg to nine groups of fish. Five of these diets contained only lipid as a source of energy (in addition to protein) and their energy contents were varied by increasing the lipid level in a step-wise manner from 56 to 176 g/kg. The remaining four diets contained both lipid and carbohydrate (glucose plus dextrin) together as energy sources: two levels of carbohydrate (100 and 200 g/kg) being used at each of two (56 and 86 g/kg) lipid levels. 2. Weight gains of plaice given the diets containing only lipid as an energy source did not differ significantly from each other. Weight gains of plaice given diets containing carbohydrate as well as protein and lipid were superior to those given diets lacking carbohydrate. 3. Values obtained for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) increased with increasing dietary energy level in both those fish given the diets containing carbohydrate and those given diets lacking it. Both PER and NPU values were greater for plaice given diets containing carbohydrate than for fish diets without carbohydrate even when the total energy content of the diets was approximately the same. 4. Liver glycogen levels were significantly higher in plaice given diets containing 200 g carbohydrate/kg than in plaice given diets without carbohydrate. Blood glucose levels and hepatic hexokinase (EC 2-7-1-1) levels were not significantly different in plaice given these diets. No glucokinase (EC 2-7-2-2) was detected in plaice given either diet. 5. The metabolic fate of glucose carbon in plaice was investigated by injecting the fish intraperitoneally with [U-14C] glucose and examining, 18 h afterwards the distribution of radioactivity in different biochemical fractions from the fish. 6. Glucose was respired much less rapidly in the carnivorous plaice, irrespective of dietary treatment, than in omnivorous mammals (mouse and rat). The rate of production of 14CO2 from (U-14C) glucose by plaice given diets containing carbohydrate was not significantly greater than that by plaice given diets lacking carbohydrate. 7. More glucose was incorporated into liver glycogen when plaice were given carbohydrate in their food than when it was absent. Otherwise no differences were apparent in the fate of glucose C by plaice which could be related to the diets used. 8. No mortalities occurred nor was any histopathology observed in the plaice as a consequence of the inclusion of carbohydrate in the food.
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PMID:Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The metabolism of glucose by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilization in plaice. 111 61

The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) colchicine (70 micrograms per rat) on systolic pressures and levels of hexokinase activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVH) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei were investigated in adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). One day after colchicine injection, systolic pressures had dropped significantly in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and SHR; the largest decrease was seen in SHR. Postinjection pressures in SHR were within the normotensive range. No further decreases were observed two days after injections. Quantitative analysis of hexokinase activity in control animals verified that the parvo- and magnocellular PVH (but not SON) of SHR contained significantly lower levels of hexokinase than in WKY or SD rats. Two days after colchicine injection, hexokinase activities in pPVH and mPVH were similar in all three strains. Activity had decreased significantly in SD and WKY rats. In SHR, no differences between control and postinjection values were found. Hexokinase activity in SON was significantly decreased to the same extent in all strains. As metabolic activity in the pPVH, mPVH, and SON decreased after colchicine injection in normotensive rats whereas no such decreases occurred in the pPVH and mPVH of SHR, the findings suggest that colchicine may have differential effects on the metabolic activity of specific cell groups in brain depending on the physiological state of the animal.
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PMID:Effects of colchicine on hexokinase activity in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. 280 10

The effect of biotin administration on the glucose tolerance of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats was investigated. STZ-induced diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight as a single dose). The impaired glucose tolerance in response to an oral glucose load (1.8g per kg body weight) in STZ-induced diabetic rats (STZ-rat) was partially improved by intraperitoneal administration of biotin for 15 days (100 micrograms/rat/day). However, a recovery in the STZ-rat's insulin secretion was not found after biotin administration. To help clarify the mechanism underlying the improvement in glucose tolerance seen with biotin treatment, glucokinase and hexokinase activities were determined in the liver and pancreas. In STZ-rats that had received biotin (STZ-biotin rats), glucokinase activity was higher by 3.4-fold in liver and by 2.4-fold in pancreas than in the STZ-rats. The biotin level of STZ-rats was significantly lower in the liver and pancreas than that of the control rats (no STZ administration); but in STZ-biotin rats, the level in these organs recovered to the control level. These results demonstrate that injected biotin can improve glucose handling without increasing insulin secretion in STZ-rats.
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PMID:Biotin administration improves the impaired glucose tolerance of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. 926 17

The association in vitro of rat brain hexokinase to mitochondria from rat liver or yeast (wild type, porinless, or expressing recombinant human porin) was studied in an effort to identify minimal requirements for each component. A short hydrophobic N-terminal peptide of hexokinase, readily cleavable by proteases, is absolutely required for its binding to all mitochondria. Mammalian porins are significantly cleaved at two positions in putative cytoplasmic loops around residues 110 and 200, as determined by proteolytic-fragment identification using antibodies. Recombinant human porin in yeast mitochondria is more sensitive to proteolysis than wild-type porin in rat liver mitochondria. Recombinant yeast mitochondria, harboring several natural or engineered porins from various sources, bind hexokinase to variable extent with marked preference for the mammalian porin1 isoform. Genetic alteration of this isoform at the C-, but not the N-terminal, results in a significant reduction of hexokinase binding ability. Macromolecular crowding (dextran) promotes a stronger association of the enzyme to all recombinant mitochondria, as well as to proteolytically digested organelles. Consequently, brain hexokinase association with heterologous mitochondria (yeast) in these conditions occurs to an extent comparable to that with homologous (rat) mitochondria. The study, also pertinent to the topology and organization of porin in the membrane, represents a necessary first step in the functional investigation of the physiological role of mammalian hexokinase binding to mitochondria in reconstituted heterologous recombinant systems, as models to cellular metabolism.
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PMID:Binding of rat brain hexokinase to recombinant yeast mitochondria: identification of necessary molecular determinants. 1068 15

Constructs based on the pSUPER vector [Science 296 (2002) 550] and encoding small interfering RNAs specific for the Type I, Type II, or Type III isozymes of mammalian (rat) hexokinase were prepared. Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary and HeLa cells with these vectors resulted in selective depletion of the respective isozymes. A Zeocin marker was incorporated into the modified pSUPER vector, permitting isolation of stably transfected cell lines selectively depleted of the respective isozyme.
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PMID:Selective depletion of the Type I, Type II, and Type III isozymes of hexokinase in mammalian cells using small interfering RNAs. 1518 49