Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hexokinase, aldolase, L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were determined in the kidney of the aging cat. Kidneys from 24 domestic cats 2 months to 7.5 years old in 6 age groups were examined by light microscopic and histochemical methods. Enzyme activities in anatomic components of the kidney were assessed on a quantitative basis for evaluation of mean activity between the age groups. In the cats with advancing age, renal components generally had stable activity. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in hexokinase activity occurred with advancing age in the ascending part of the renal loop (Henle's loop) and in the distal convoluted tubule. Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in aldolase activity with aging were in cortical connective tissue, internal part of the glomerular capsule (podocytes), distal convoluted tubule, and convoluted segment (Pi) of the proximal portion of the nephron tubule. L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with aging in the convoluted (Pi) segment of the proximal portion of the nephron tubule.
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PMID:Kidney in the aging cat: hexokinase, aldolase, L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase histochemistry. 69 42

A prolonged glucose load was administered to four patients with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and four healthy control sujbects. Muscle ATP and CP concentrations as well as lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and phosphorylase activities were similar in those two groups, but succinate dehydrogenase was approximately 50% higher in the control muscles. Muscles fibre composition was almost identical in the two groups, whereas patients had a higher degree of capillarization. Complete muscle weakness was produced in all patients, accompanied by hypokalaemia. Glucose loading resulted in elevated insulin levels and a minor rise in blood glucose level was seen in the patients compared to the control subjects. Glucose loading decreased hexokinase activity in controls, but increased this in the patients. At similar times, muscle and blood lactate levels and blood pyruvate values were generally higher in the patients over the course of the experiment. Initial glycogen concentrations were higher in patients, but glucose loading did not result in greatly increased glycogen values. These data suggest that patients with hypokalaemic periodic paralysis have an enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and that insulin seems to be an important factor leading to the onset of muscle weakness.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle characteristics and carbohydrate metabolism after glucose loading in hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. 70 37

Metabolic activity of rat lungs were studied in normal state and in acute hypoxia, caused by an effect of rarefied atmosphere (3 hrs, "height" 10,000 m). Glycolytic splitting of carbohydrates and catabolism of proteins were increased in lungs under hypoxic stress. In hypoxia activities of adlobase, pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase were increased, but hexokinase activity was decreased. Activities of lipase, lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase were not altered, whereas the ratio in specific activity of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was decreased.
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PMID:[Effect of acute hypoxia on the metabolic activity of lung tissue]. 70 55

Activities of four enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, were determined in a vesicular brush-border preparation from rabbit kidneys. The specific activities of the enzymes were decreased several-hundredfold in the brush-border preparation compared with a kidney homogenate, but the enzymes were not totally absent. Density-gradient centrifugation of the brush-border preparation yielded brush border of even higher purity and also a characteristic pattern of distribution for each of the contaminating intracellular membranes. The presence of hexokinase in the brush-border preparation could be traced to contaminating mitochondria, and that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase to contaminating vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The brush-border vesicles contained some ATP. An intravesicular concentration of 0.1mm was estimated, indicating that the vesicles had retained at least a part of their original content. Experiments in which fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (mol.wt. 20000) was present during cell lysis revealed that much, but not all, of the brush-border contents had been exchanged with the medium. The complete absence of glycolytic enzymes from brush-border vesicles, which had retained part of their original content, indicates that the brush border does not contain glycolytic enzymes in vivo and can be thought of as a compartment of its own, somehow separated from the cytoplasm.
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PMID:The brush border of rabbit kidney, a cellular compartment free of glycolytic enzymes. 70 4

Several biochemical parameters, including glycogen levels, and the activities of hexokinase, phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase have been compared in regenerating epithelium of conjunctival and corneal origin in rabbits. The study was designed to determine the extent of biochemical transformation of conjunctival into corneal epithelium completed within 6 weeks. Although histological transformation, especially in the case of the chemically damaged eyes, is not. Glycogen and lactate dehydrogenase levels remained well below normal corneal epithelial levels for the period of observation.
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PMID:Biochemical transformation of regenerating ocular surface epithelium. 83 61

The hexokinase activity (HK) exceeded several times and the lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was lower in soluble fraction of rabbit slow sceletal muscle as compared with fast sceletal muscle. In the soluble fraction of stomach smooth muscle the HK activity was higher and the LDH activity--lower than in slow sceletal muscle. The LDH isozyme spectrum of soduble fraction of smooth muscle was similar to the spectrum of slow muscle (mobile H-forms prevailed). Muscles of pyloric and fundal stomach parts differed in the enzymes activity and their isozyme content.
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PMID:[Activity and isoenzyme composition of the hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase of different rabbit muscles]. 85 29

In biopsy samples of the lateral part of the quadriceps femoris muscle of 6 obese diabetic male patients and of 11 obese males with a normal glucose tolerance, the activities of 7 enzymes of energy metabolism were estimated: hexokinase, cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate: NAD dehydrogenase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The obese diabetic male patients exhibited decreased activities of enzymes of carbohydrate breakdown and cytoplasmic NAD regeneration. Enzymes connected functionally with aerobic metabolism were less affected. The unchanged activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase points to an increased role of fatty acid catabolism in the muscle.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in quadriceps femoris muscle of obese diabetic male patients. 90 76

Blood serum of oncologic patients due to immunoglobulin involved in its composition, activates glycolysis in the soluble fraction of muscles when using starch, glycogen and glucose as substrates. The activation is registered under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When elucidating the immunoglobulin effect in a glycolytic chain under aerobic conditions it is shown that its activating effect in the incomplete incubation system is manifested with such glycolysis substrates as fructose-6-phosphate and 2-phosphoglyceric acid. Glycolysis activation with serum is insignificant or absent at all with the presence of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric aldehide, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, sodium pyruvate. Immunoglobulin isolated from the blood serum of oncologic patients does not affect the activity of purified preparations of hexokinase, glycerinaldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When using the air as a gas medium lactate dehydrogenase is activated by immunoglobulin. Lactate dehydrogenase activity under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is essentially lower than in the case when the air serves as a gas medium.
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PMID:[Peculiarities of the action of protein positively reacting in the sedimentation test for cancer on the activity of glycolytic enzymes]. 92 7

Two new methods of activation were developed to graft enzymes on collegen films. They involved chemical modifications of surface groups of collagen either by Woodward's reagent "K" or by EDC, a water-soluble derivative of carbodiimide. EDC was a better coupling agent and a detailed study was conducted with this agent. It could be used either in a global method of activation and coupling, or in a two-step procedure of activation of collagen, followed by spontaneous coupling of enzyme. All enzymes tested were successfully bound: malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urease, creatine kinase, hexokinase. The influence on the yield of grafted enzyme, of pretreatment of films, time and temperature of EDC activation, concentration of EDC and enzyme, protecting agents was studied. Stability of enzyme activity on storage was greatly increased after grafting. A co-grafted dual system creatine kinase/heoxkinase, was achieved which exhibited a good efficiency. A striking renaturing process at 0-4degreesC after thermal denaturation, was observed with hexokinase.
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PMID:Grafting of enzymes on collagen films using Woodward's reagent "K" and a water-soluble carbodiimide derivative. 95 53

In soluble fraction of rat liver studies have been made on the activity of glycolytic enzymes and dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway 3 and 20 hours after the electrical stimulation of the medial (HVM) and lateral (AHL) structures of the medial hypothalamus via chronically implanted electrodes. Electrical stimulation of the HVM within 3 hours decreased total hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and to a lower extent -- the activity of glucokinase. This effect was not prevented by the adrenalectomy. During stimulation of the AHL, the decrease of LDH activity was the same, whereas the activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucokinase decreased to a lower extent. Electrical stimulation of the medial hypothalamus within 20 hours decreased the response, this effect being presumably associated with the decrease in the content of endogenous noradrenalin in the liver of animals. The role of the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system in regulation of the investigated enzymes of energy metabolism in the liver is discussed.
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PMID:[Participation of the hypothalamus in regulating the activity of rat liver energy metabolism enzymes]. 98 65


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