Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Development of cirrhosis of liver tissue did not influence the intensity of glycolysis, with glucose as a substrate, in supernatant fraction of liver homogenate in chronic intoxication with CCL4. In preparations of cirrhotic liver, as compared with liver from the intact animals, more distinct activation of glycolysis was caused by addition of ATP and NAD at the stage of 3-week intoxication and also by addition of hexokinase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase at the stage of distinct cirrhosis of liver (6 weeks of CCL4 intoxication). Km values for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased over all the periods of intoxication.
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PMID:[Change in the glycolytic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in experimental cirrhosis of the liver]. 16 85

Enzyme activity declines with erythrocyte age in most mammals. To test this concept in the dog, we decreased the PCV to less than 20 by phlebotomy. The erythrocytes were restored rapidly (1.57 per cent per day). The resulting decline in the mean erythrocyte age was accompanied by increased activity by most of the erythrocyte enzymes studied. Enzymes with lower initial enzymatic activity (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase) increased proportionally more than those with higher initial activity (lactate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase and glucose-6-dehydrogenase). Among species, increases in enzyme activity after phlebotomy appear to be related to each species' life span. Most of the metabolites increased concomitantly with the highest reticulocyte period. Diphosphoglycerate concentrations did not change significantly during the experiment.
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PMID:The effect of phlebotomy on canine erythrocyte metabolism. 16 7

The activities (Vmax) of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and 3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in human skeletal muscles were compared with the in vitro utilization of glucose and palmitic acid assessed under optimal conditions. Statistically significant correlations between substrate fluxes and enzyme activities were found suggesting that the substrate incorporation rate in vitro in some way reflects the capacity of metabolic pathways. The incorporation rate of leucine into muscle proteins was also statistically significantly correlated to the RNA concentration in the muscle tissue. Glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes correlated significantly to each other and correlations were also found between aerobic enzymes supporting the validity of constant proportions between certain key enzymes in human skeletal muscles.
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PMID:Incorporation rate of glucose carbon, palmitate carbon and leucine carbon into metabolites in relation to enzyme activities and RNA levels in human skeletal muscles. 17 28

A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the activities of certain enzymes representing aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of collagen of M. vastus lateralis in 23 male endurance athletes in habitual training, aged 33 to 70 years. 23 sedentary healthy men of corresponding ages were selected for the control group. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the trained subjects was 53.6 ml-kg--1. min--1 and that of the control subjects 36.3 ml-kg--1. min--1. As compared to the control group the trained subjects had significantly higher values in the muscle malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and prolyl hydroxylase activities, whereas the opposite was true in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. In hexokinase and creatine phosphokinase no marked differences between the groups were observed. The results showed that endurance training leads to increased activities of oxidative enzymes in the skeletal muscle. The adaptation changes were also observed in old men. The increased activity of prolyl hydroxylase may reflect the general enzymatic adaptation to physical training. A possibility exists that the turnover of muscle collagen in endurance athelets is continuously faster than that in sedentary men of corresponding ages.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in muscle and connective tissue of M. Vastus lateralis in habitually training and sedentary 33 to 70-year-old men. 17 30

1. Procedures were developed for the extraction and assay of glycolytic enzymes from the epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of the rat. 2. The epididymis was separated into four segments for analysis. When rendered free of spermatozoa by efferent duct ligation, regional differences in enzyme activity were apparent. Phosphofructokinase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were more active in the proximal regions of the epididymis, whereas hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase were more active in the distal segment. These enzymes were less active in the epididymis of castrated animals and less difference was apparent between the proximal and distal segments. However, the corpus epididymidis from castrated rats had lower activities of almost all enzymes compared with other epididymal segments. 3. Spermatozoa required sonication to obtain satisfactory enzyme release. Glycolytic enzymes were more active in spermatozoa than in epididymal tissue, being more than 10 times as active in the case of hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphoglycerate mutase. 4. The specific activities of a number of enzymes in the epididymis were dependent on the androgen status of the animal. These included hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase. 5. The caput and cauda epididymidis differed in the extent to which enzyme activities changed in response to an altered androgen status. The most notable examples were hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase.
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PMID:Activity and androgenic control of glycolytic enzymes in the epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of the rat. 18 56

Under study was anaerobic glycolysis, the activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gluco-6-phosphatase in rat kidneys in dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) induced tumors in them. DMNA was administered perorally in the dosage of 10 mg/Kg during 4 weeks (25 mg per rat). Following 8 months tumors developed in the renal cortical substance. The tumor tissue, the renal cortical substance adjacent to the tumor, and the renal cortical substance without macroscopic tumor signs have been studied. An increased glycolysis, hexokinase and lactatedehydrogenase activity were noted, whereas the activity of glucoso-6-phosphatase was diminished in all tissues under examination. Changes of all indices were mostly pronounced in tumor tissue and least significant--in the renal cortical layer without any macroscopic tumor signs.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate metabolism in the kidneys of rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced tumors]. 18 57

In 28 dogs the distal articular cartilage of the femur was removed and the regenerating articular surface on the 70th postoperative day was studied histochemically for hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphohexose-isomerase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, phosphoglucomutase, phosphorylase, glycogen synthetase, UDP--glucose dehydrogenase, and UDP-glucuronic acid-4-epimerase. The articular surface consisted of fibrous tissue and of cartilage islets. The latter contained cells differentiating into cartilage and young chondrocytes. The glycolytic enzymes reacted positively in the regenerative articular surface. Enzyme activities were higher in the cells (particularly the chondroblasts and young chondrocytes) of the cartilage islets than in the connective tissue. In the cells differentiations into cartilage, beside the LDH isoenzymes characteristic of glycolysis, a significant LDH1 and LDH2 activity was observed. At the same site the presence of fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-activity could be assumed, but there was no glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Glycogen synthesis proceeded in the cells of the cartilage islets and UDP-glucuronic acid-4-epimerase activity was observed in the differentiated cells. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity was positive in every section of the articular surface.
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PMID:Studies on cartilage formation. XX. Histochemical investigation of some enzymes of glycogen metabolsim in regenerative articular surfaces. 18 10

The effect of cooling and subsequent rewarming on the tissue respiration of canine hearts was studied during polycomponent ether-oxygen anaesthesia. The tests included the determinations of the activity of the dehydrogenases of the cytrate cycle, the content and activity of chromoproteids, the respiration rate of the mitochondrias on succinate, glutamate and ketoglutarate, the content of glycogen, the activity of the phosphorylases, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, the content of lactate, pyruvate, adenyl nucleotides and creatine phosphate. Significant changes were noted in the content and activity of the above substances, acceleration of mitochondrial respiration, reduced energy regulation of respiration, and decreased amount of the adenyl components. It is suggested that under artificial hypothermia the processes of chromoproteids biosynthesis are enhanced, which results in an increased power of terminal respiration, and conformational rearaangements of the enzymes connected with the membranes occur.
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PMID:[Characteristics of energy metabolism in the myocardium under artificial hypothermia]. 19 79

Reaction of ADP with hexamethylene diisocyanate in hexamethylphosphoramide followed by treatment in an acidic medium afforded three new adenine nucleotide analogues, N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)carbamoyl]-ADP, N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)carbamoyl]-ATP, and N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl)carbamoyl]-AMP in yields of 13%, 12% and 17%, respectively. The occurrence of the ATP analogue may be interpreted in terms of the equilibrium, 2ADP = ATP + AMP. Coenzymic activities of the ADP analogue against acetate kinase and pyruvate kinase were 82% and 20%, respectively, relative to ADP and those of the ATP analogue against hexokinase and glycerokinase were 63% and 87%, respectively, relative to ATP. These analogues were bound to CNBr-activated soluble dextran through their terminal amino group to give an immobilized ADP and an immobilized ATP, each of which was recycled in a system comprising acetate kinase and hexokinase, and when placed in a membrane reactor together with the enzymes, functioned as an immobilized coenzyme continuously yielding glucose 6-phosphate. A series of chemically defined affinity adsorbents were obtained by coupling these analogues to CNBr-activated Sepharose, and were used to separate the enzymes in a mixture of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Preparation of N6-[N-(6-aminohexyl) carbamoyl]-adenine nucleotides and their application to coenzymically active immobilized ADP and ATP, and affinity adsorbents. 19 56

Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of 26 enzymes (corresponding to 36 gene loci) were examined in hemolysates of erythrocytes from 11 first-trimester and mid-trimester human fetuses (65-138 gestation days). The zymograms of 16 enzymes were identical in fetal and control adult red cells. Six enzymes (enolase, guanylate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, nucleoside phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase) showed differences in the staining intensity of certain isozyme zones as compared with the controls. Also, the fetal red cell zymograms, in contrast to those of adults, contained the mitochondrial forms of isocitric dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase as well as more definite zones of phosphoglucomutase-3. Finally, some of the isozymes of uridine diphosphate kinase in the fetal cells had slightly retarded mobility. These observed differences between fetal and adult red cells could reflect the expression of a different program of protein synthesis in red cells of the fetuses or the epigenetic modifications of isozymes in immature red cells.
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PMID:Isozyme patterns in erythrocytes from human fetuses. 20 89


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