Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A micromethod is described for the production of lysed preparations of Thiobacillus A2 following treatment with lysozyme and EDTA. These may be used for the assay of intra-cellular enzymes including rhodanese, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoseisomerase. The procedure is useful for assaying enzymes in samples too small to be treated by conventional mechanical methods, but gives comparable recoveries of enzyme activities.
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PMID:An enzymatic lysis procedure for the assay of enzymes in Thiobacillus A2. 664 82

The double ring chaperonin GroEL binds unfolded protein, ATP, and GroES to the same ring, generating the cis ternary complex in which folding occurs within the cavity capped by GroES (cis folding). The functional role of ATP, however, remains unclear since several reports have indicated that ADP and AMPPNP (5'-adenylyl-beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate) are also able to support the formation of the cis ternary complex and the cis folding. To minimize the effect of contaminated ATP and adenylate kinase, we have included hexokinase plus glucose in the reaction mixtures and obtained new results. In ADP and AMPPNP, GroES bound quickly to GroEL but bound very slowly to the GroEL loaded with unfolded rhodanese or malate dehydrogenase. ADP was unable to support the formation of cis ternary complex and cis folding. AMPPNP supported cis folding of malate dehydrogenase to some extent but not cis folding of rhodanese. In the absence of hexokinase, apparent cis folding of rhodanese and malate dehydrogenase was observed in ADP and AMPPNP. Thus, the exclusive role of ATP in generation of the cis ternary complex is now evident.
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PMID:Discrimination of ATP, ADP, and AMPPNP by chaperonin GroEL: hexokinase treatment revealed the exclusive role of ATP. 1273 70

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the light-induced activation of a photosensitizer generating highly reactive oxygen species that induce tissue destruction in malignant tissues. The present study was carried out to assess the photosensitizing potential of bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine in PDT trials in vivo. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups. Skin tumor was induced using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene - DMBA in the animals of Groups II, III, IV and V, while animals of Group I served as the control. At the completion of 20 weeks of induction, the tumor bearing mice from Group III, IV and V were given an intraperitoneal injection with the squaraine dye (12.5mg/kg body weight). After 24h, in the Group IV and V animals, the tumor area was exposed to visible light from a 1000W halogen lamp. The mice from groups I to IV were sacrificed two weeks after the PDT treatment and the marker enzymes (myeloperoxidase [MPO], beta-d-glucuronidase, rhodanese, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], hexokinase, sialic acid and caspase) were assayed in tumor and normal tissues. Animals from Group V were sacrificed after 90 days of PDT treatment and the above parameters were recorded. Reduction in tumor volume and reversal of biochemical markers to near normal levels were observed in the treatment groups. The study assumes importance as it is the first report on PDT-a novel modality, using a squaraine dye for skin cancer therapy in vivo. The uniqueness of the mode of treatment lies in the selective uptake of squaraine dye by the cancer cells and their selective destruction using PDT without affecting the neighbouring normal cells, which is much advantageous over radiation therapy now frequently used. Also in skin cancer models, the progression/cure can be visualized by the naked eye which is another point of advantage, while seeking new modalities for the treatment of cancer.
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PMID:Bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine: a novel candidate in photodynamic therapy for skin cancer models in vivo. 1865 54

Saraca asoka (Family - Caesalpiniaceae) has been widely used in the Ayurvedic (traditional Indian) system of medicine especially due to its wound healing property. The present study investigated the chemopreventive property of flavonoids from the flowers of Saraca asoka on 7,12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin cancer in mice models. A single topical application of DMBA (100 microg/50 microL of acetone) followed after 2 weeks by three times a week treatment with croton oil (1% in acetone), for 20 weeks resulted in tumor induction. The topical application of the flavonoid fraction of S. asoka (FF S. asoka), 30 min prior to the application of croton oil thrice weekly for 20 weeks, caused a significant reduction in the number of tumors per mouse and the percentage of tumor-bearing mice. Also the latency period for the appearance of the first tumor was delayed by S. asoka pretreatment. In the flavonoid fraction (5 mg and 10 mg/kg body weight) treated animals, the levels of biochemical markers - rhodanese, myeloperoxidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, sialic acid, hexokinase and caspase 3 were significantly restored to near normal levels. These findings suggest the chemopreventive activity of flavonoids from S. asoka on two stage skin carcinogenesis. Histological data also support the chemopreventive potential of S. asoka.
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PMID:Chemoprevention of skin cancer by the flavonoid fraction of Saraca asoka. 1961 29