Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Piper betle, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in the rural southern India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of P. betle on glucose metabolism since it is consumed as betel-quid after meals. Plasma levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in control and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were assayed. Oral administration of leaf suspension of P. betle (75 and 150 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 205.00 +/- 10.80 mg/dL to 151.30 +/- 6.53 mg/dL) and glycosylated hemoglobin and decreased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while liver hexokinase increased (P < .05), in STZ diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. P. betle at a dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 150 mg/kg of body weight. In addition, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. The effects produced by P. betle were compared with the standard drug glibenclamide. Thus, the present study clearly shows that P. betle intake influences glucose metabolism beneficially.
...
PMID:Antihyperglycemic activity of Piper betle leaf on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1657 37

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pterostilbene and its effect on key enzymes of glucose metabolism. Diabetic rats were orally administered with pterostilbene (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) for 2, 4 and 6 weeks on glucose was determined. Administration of pterostilbene at 40 mg/kg significantly decreases plasma glucose. Based on these data, the higher dose, 40 mg/kg pterostilbene, was selected for further evaluation. Oral administration of pterostilbene for 6 weeks on glucose, insulin levels and hepatic enzymes in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. A significant decrease in glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels were observed in normal and diabetic rats treated with pterostilbene. Treatment with pterostilbene resulted in a significant reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and an increase in total hemoglobin level. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase was significantly increased whereas glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of pterostilbene in diabetic rats. A comparison was made between the action of pterostilbene and the antidiabetic drug--metformin.
...
PMID:Effect of pterostilbene on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin- and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 1661 38

The dry powder of the plant aereal part; Cupressus macro-carpa (Cupressacea) was tested against Biomphalaria alexandrina. LC50 & LC90 values were 59.5 & 98.8 ppm, respec-tively. Exposure of B. alexandrina to sublethal concentrations (LC0, LC10 & LC25) of C. macrocarpa for three weeks signi-ficantly decreased the number of circulating hemocytes. The magnitude of reduction was increased with increasing of the tested concentration. The main type of cell in the hemolymph of B. alexandrina was the granulocyte (71.8%), followed by large round cells or hyalinocytes (19.0%) and small round cells or undifferentiate cells (9.2%). The percentage of different hemocyte categories was changed in treated snails. In snails maintained at LC25, showed significantly higher percentages of small round cells than controls, 56.2% & 9.2% respectively. Maintainence of B. alexandrina in sublethal concentrations for three weeks significantly reduced protein & hemoglobin content in the hemolymph. Reduction in enzyme activities occurred in the hemolymph and tissues of treated snails. The enzymes were pyruvate kinase (PK), lactat dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) which are very important in metabolism of the protein and carbohydrate. The infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia was greatly reduced by exposure to the sublethal concentrations (LC0, LC10 & LC25) of Cupressus. Infection rate of B. alexandrina reached to 54.5%, 37.5% & 16.7%, respectively compared to control (81.25%). Duration of cercarial shedding and the total periodic cercarial production/snail showed significant reduction while the parasite incubation period was significantly longer (p<0.05).
...
PMID:Effect of the plant Cupressus macro-carpa (Cupressacea) on some haematolo-gical and biochemical parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. 1715 2

Determination of erythrocyte number and their indices and enzymatic activity of: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione reductase (GR) and hexokinase (Hx) in peripheral blood erythrocytes of workers chronically exposed to mercury vapours during the production of chloride (the mercuric electrolysis method). The studied workers were equipment operators, electricians and electrolysis maintenance men at the chloride production department using the mercuric electrolysis method. The study involved 46 men, aged 21 to 56, (x = 39 +/- 10.4) exposed to mercury vapours for the period from 7 months to 32 years (x = 14.7+/-10.8), working in a three shift system, for 8 hours a day. Smokers constituted 50% of the studied group (23 men). Urine mercury concentrations of workers exposed to mercury vapours were in the range from 10 to 215 microg/dm3 (x = 81,4 +/- 72,9) and in blood in range 4 do 72 microg/dm3 (x=16.3 +/- 15,0). Controls were 46 men aged 20-54, (x=33.6 +/- 9.8), workers and voluntary blood donors, who never experienced occupational exposure to mercury vapours or other chemicals, and to physical agents. The percentage of smokers in the control group was 34.7% (16 men). Basic haematological determinations (hematocrit - Hct, Hb concentration, erythrocyte number in mm3 of blood, mean red cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean red cell volume (MCV) and enzymatic studies (activity of G-6PD, SOD, AchE, GR, Hx) in peripheral blood samples obtained from workers and controls were performed. Hematological parameters of the peripheral blood were determined using AVL 808 hematological counter, following the manufacturer's instructions. Activity of the studied enzymes was estimated by the spectrophotometric method described by Beutler, following the recommendations of the International Committee for Standardisation in Hematology. Values of Ht were higher in all the subgroups exposed to Hg workers (divided according to duration of exposure or urine mercury concentrations) in comparison to the control group. The erythrocyte number in mm3 of peripheral blood was also higher in the exposed workers group than in controls. MCHC in the total group exposed to mercury vapours was lower than in the controls. In the subgroup exposed to mercury vapours for < 10 years, the value of this parameter was lower than in the control group; whereas in the subgroups separated in respect to mercury concentration in the urine, it was lower only in workers showing the highest urine concentration of this metal. In workers exposed to mercury vapours, MCV index values were lower than in the controls. In the subgroups of workers who smoked and those who did not smoke, they were also lower than in the controls; whereas in the group of the longest exposed workers from 21 to 35 years, it was found to be higher than in controls. The activity of G6PD was lower in the group of subjects occupationally exposed to mercury vapours than in the control group - 5.60 +/- 1.60 and 7.41 +/- 0.43 IU/gHb respectively. When comparing the subgroups of smokers and non-smokers with the controls, workers showed lower G6PD activity than in the matching control subgroups - 6.24 +/- 1.97 and 7.44 +/-0.22 IU/gHb in the subgroups of smokers and 4.97 +/- 0.72 and 7.38 +/- 0.18 IU/gHb in non-smokers respectively. Erythrocyte G6PD activity was lower in all studied groups separated in respect to exposure time - 5.54 +/- 1.75, 6.02 +/- 2.05 and 5.54 +/- 1.05 IU/gHb respectively. The same pattern of changes was observed in the subgroups separated in respect to mercury concentration in the urine compared to the controls. The lowest enzyme activity was found in the subgroups showing the highest mercury concentration in the urine wnen compared with the subgroup with the lowest urine concentration of this metal - 5.19 +/- 1.50 and 6.00 +/- 1.84 IU/gHb respectively SOD activity in the group of workers exposed to mercury was lower compared to the controls - 2289.97 +/- 122.31 and 2418.03 +/- 60.28 IU/gHb respectively. The smoking and non-smoking workers showed respective SOD activities on - 2305.43 +/- 102.75 and 2274.50 +/- 124.5 IU/gHb; whereas in the matching subgroup of controls - 2452.11 +/- 88.72 and 2382.09 +/- 91.22 IU/gHb, respectively. The activity of this enzyme in all investigated groups selected in respect to length of employment, revealed lower values when compared with the controls - 2271.20 +/- 115.23 in the group with under 10 years of exposure, 2335.11 +/-167.71 IU/gHb in those exposed for 11-20 years, and 2290.40 +/- 26.12 IU/gHb in the subgroup exposed for the longest period of time. Similar changes were observed in the activity of this enzyme in the subgroups separated in respect to mercury concentration in the urine when SOD activity was compared with the controls. The AchE activity was higher in the group exposed to mercury vapours compared to the controls and the respective values were - 50.22 +/- 14.44 and 36.87 +/- 2.92 IU/gHb. In the subgroups separated in respect to length of exposure, the activity of this enzyme was statistically significantly higher than in the control group. The GR activity levels were lower in the exposed group - 8.01 +/-2.54 IU/gHb, compared to the controls - 10.24 +/- 1.24 IU/gHb. In the subgroups of smokers and non-smokers, GR activity was lower, 8.48 +/- 2.37 and 7.54 +/- 2.68 IU/gHb, compared to smokers and non-smokers in the control group, 10.26 +/- 1.01 and 10.16 +/- 1.03 IU/gHb, respectively. The GR activity was also statistically significantly lower in all groups separated in respect to duration of exposure, with the values of 8.56 +/-2.39, 8.26 +/- 2.38, 7.06 +/- 2.75 IU/gHb, respectively in subject groups and 10.24 +/- 1.35 in the control group. Similar changes were noticed in the subgroup separated in respect to mercury concentration in the urine. The Hx activity was lower in the group exposed to mercury vapours - 1.08 +/-0.11. compared with the controls - 1.21 +/- 0.16 IU/gHb. The enzyme activity showed a similar pattern in the subgroups separated in respect to duration of exposure when they were compared with the control group. Exposure to mercury vapours present changes in the red blood cells, manifested by increased (when compared with the control group), number of erythrocytes in peripheral and decreased mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin concentration values, as well as changes in the metabolic processes occurring in the erythrocytes. In subjects exposed to mercury vapours some metabolic processes may be additionally modified by addiction to cigarette smoking.
...
PMID:[Red cell system and selected red cell enzymes in men occupationally exposed to mercury vapours]. 1778 49

The effect of groundnut oil on blood glucose, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was investigated and compared with diabetic and drug-treated rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b-wt). Normal and diabetic rats were fed an oil-free diet containing 2 percent oil supplemented with groundnut oil (6g per 94 g diet), to give 8 percent oil content, for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides (HP) and decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hb), vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and a decrease in hexokinase activity also were observed in the liver and kidney. When diabetic rats were fed groundnut oil, a significant reduction in glucose (244.04 +/- 11.66), HbA(1c), TBARS, HP levels, and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in Hb, vitamin E, GSH levels, and hexokinase activity were observed. Diabetic rats had elevated total cholesterol (TC), VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic rats fed groundnut oil showed a small but significant reduction in TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and TG and an elevation in HDL-C. Groundnut oil consumption slightly but significantly decreases the blood glucose, HbA(1c), lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile and increases antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.
...
PMID:Effect of dietary substitution of groundnut oil on blood glucose, lipid profile, and redox status in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 1787 71

Diet and nutrition have substantial impact on reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus, where oxidative stress is an important etiopathological factor. The combined protective role of low dose of naringin (15 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (25 mg kg(-1)) and high dose of naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced toxicity was studied in male Wistar rats. To induce type II diabetes mellitus, rats were injected with STZ intraperitoneally at a dose of 45 mg kg(-1) body weight. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant increase in blood glucose, water intake, food intake and glycated hemoglobin and significant decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin, body weight and liver glycogen. Diabetic rats also showed significant decrease in the activity of hexokinase and significant increase in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and kidney. The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and vitamin E were elevated while the level of reduced glutathione was decreased in diabetic rats. Glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were increased in plasma, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Oral administration of high doses of naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) to diabetic rats for a period of 21 days normalized all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters. The effect exerted by naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) was similar to the effect exerted by insulin (6 units kg(-1)). Thus, our study shows the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of naringin and vitamin C in STZ-induced type II diabetes mellitus in rats.
...
PMID:Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. 1834 97

Resveratrol, a ubiquitous stress-induced phytoalexin, has demonstrated a wide variety of biological activities which make it a good candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate its therapeutic potential by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The daily oral treatment of resveratrol (5 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) decline in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma insulin level. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (p<0.05) reverted to near normal levels by the administration of resveratrol. Further, resveratrol administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the antihyperglycemic potential of resveratrol in diabetic rats. The obtained results were compared with glyclazide, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, the modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating these enzymes activities afford a promise for widespread use for treatment of diabetes in the future.
...
PMID:Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 1905 88

Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. While genetic variants have been found to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, relatively few studies have focused on genes associated with glycated hemoglobin, an index of the mean blood glucose concentration of the preceding 8-12 weeks. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials have documented the relationship between glycated hemoglobin levels and the development of long-term complications in diabetes; moreover, higher glycated hemoglobin levels in the subdiabetic range have been shown to predict type 2 diabetes risk and cardiovascular disease. To examine the common genetic determinants of glycated hemoglobin levels, we performed a genome-wide association study that evaluated 337,343 SNPs in 14,618 apparently healthy Caucasian women. The results show that glycated hemoglobin levels are associated with genetic variation at the GCK (rs730497; P = 2.8 x 10(-12)), SLC30A8 (rs13266634; P = 9.8 x 10(-8)), G6PC2 (rs1402837; P = 6.8 x 10(-10)), and HK1 (rs7072268; P = 6.4 x 10(-9)) loci. While associations at the GCK, SLC30A8, and G6PC2 loci are confirmatory, the findings at HK1 are novel. We were able to replicate this novel association in an independent validation sample of 455 additional non-diabetic men and women. HK1 encodes the enzyme hexokinase, the first step in glycolysis and a likely candidate for the control of glucose metabolism. This observed genetic association between glycated hemoglobin levels and HK1 polymorphisms paves the way for further studies of the role of HK1 in hemoglobin glycation, glucose metabolism, and diabetes.
...
PMID:Novel association of HK1 with glycated hemoglobin in a non-diabetic population: a genome-wide evaluation of 14,618 participants in the Women's Genome Health Study. 1909 18

In order to provide a reference range for normal red blood cell enzyme activities in Thai, we analyzed data from 113 healthy non-anemic Thai people (55 males and 58 females) age 1-42 years, who all had a normal pattern of hemoglobin typing (HbA and HbA2 less than 3.5%). Hematological analysis was performed using an automated cell counter and the hemoglobin studies were carried out by low pressure liquid chromatography. Owing to a high frequency of alpha-thalassemia in Thailand, cases with an MCV < 75 fl were excluded from the study since these cases were likely to be heterozygotes for alpha0-thalassemia. Cases with reticulocytes > 2.5% were excluded from the study since reticulocytes have a higher enzyme activity than mature erythrocytes. Cases with abnormal red blood cell morphology, such as spherocytes and ovalocytes, were also excluded. These criteria were applied to select "normal" controls for our analysis. We assayed eight red blood cell enzyme activities in normal subjects: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), pyruvate kinase (PK), hexokinase (HK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldolase (ALD) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). The mean normal ranges (+/- SD) for G6PD, 6PGD, PK, HK, GPI, PFK, ALD and PGK were 12.7 (+/-2.2), 10.7 (+/-1.3), 18.5 (+/-4.0), 1.5 (+/-0.4), 80.5 (+/-11.8), 11.8 (+/-2.1), 4.5 (+/-1.6) and 370 (+/-43) IU/gHb, respectively. Age-dependent differences for the reference values for these enzyme activities were summarized. All red blood cell enzyme activities were highest during the early childhood period and slightly lower in the adult period. These values will be of clinically useful for future reference.
...
PMID:Development of a comprehensive red blood cell enzymopathy laboratory in Thailand: the study of normal activity in eight erythroenzymes in Thais. 1932 17

The study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of coumarin on carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats. On oral administration of coumarin at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 45 days; resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of coumarin caused a significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals also observed. This study indicates that the administration of coumarin to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels.
...
PMID:Efficacy of coumarin on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in chemical induced type 2 diabetic rats. 1964 26


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>

---