Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Considerable thymidine kinase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activities were found in the plasma of rats bearing a transplanted lymphoma; neither activity was detected in plasma of hosts carrying hepatic, renal, mammary, or submaxillary gland tumors. All host livers exhibited signs of biochemical immaturity as indicated by the appropriate increases or decreases in the concentrations of the nine enzymes measured. The extent and time schedule of the changes in host liver varied with the enzyme and with the tumor that caused them. The hepatic concentrations of ornithine aminotransferase, arginase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, and glucokinase (all diminished), and of peptidyl proline hydroxylase and hexokinase (increased) were sensitive indicators of tumor growth in general. The concentration of ornithine aminotransferase decreased before the tumors became palpable. At more advanced stages, the high hepatic thymidine kinase activity distinguished the presence of hepatoma and lymphoma from those of all other equally fast-growing tumors. However, only in lymphoma-bearing rats did a fivefold elevation of hepatic thymidine kinase occur as early as 4 days after implantation. Additional observations on the lymphoma itself, on blood cells, and on the involuting thymus of normal rats indicate that the striking systemic effects of this tumor cannot be explained by a release of enzymes from the thymus or by the increased number of lymphoma cells present in blood or liver.
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PMID:The effect of lymphoma and other neoplasms on hepatic and plasma enzymes of the host rat. 18 34

The concentrations of 16 to 21 enzymes, representing various metabolic pathways, have been determined in human adult, fetal, and neoplastic lung. At midgestation, 12 enzymes (among them, several that metabolize amino acids) were above their adult values while 3 other enzymes were still at low concentrations. These signs of biochemical immaturity are contrasted and compared with those in fetal human liver and rat lung. The enzymic composition of the 11 human pulmonary tumors studied resembled that of the normal fetal lungs closely; the same 12 enzymes were elevated and the same 2 were decreased (compared to nonneoplastic adult lung) in both. The characteristic abnormality in the overall pattern of enzymes, in the concentrations of individual ones, and in the quality of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase was clearly evident in both primary and metastatic tumors. The mean concentrations of 10 enzymes in the tumors were significantly different (higher or lower) from those in the control lungs (p less than 0.001 to less than 0.05). The best markers of neoplasticity were thymidine kinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase, phosphoserine phosphatase, hexokinase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. The results demonstrate that quantification of a small battery of enzymes, none of them tissue specific, can distinguish adult human lung from its neoplasms.
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PMID:The undifferentiated enzymic composition of human fetal lung and pulmonary tumors. 18 17

The concentrations of ten or 12 enzymes involved in the metabolism of DNA, collagen, amino acids, or glucose have been determined in variants of human intestinal and pulmonary tissues. In comparison to nonneoplastic adult colon, normal fetal colon had elevated concentrations of thymidine kinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase, phosphoserine phosphatase, ornithine transcarbamylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and ornithine aminotransferase. Raised activities of the first five of these enzymes, and of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase distinguishes neoplastic from nonneoplastic sections of adult colon. Study of a wide range of pulmonary specimens permitted comparisons of different types of tumors, and revealed some subtle differences between lungs of noncancer patients and nonneoplastic portions of host lungs. The concentrations of eight previously identified enzymic indicators were less in moderately or well differentiated than in poorly differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The latter differed from epidermoid carcinomas (also poorly differentiated) by containing lower concentrations of thymidine kinase (both soluble and particulate) and hexokinase.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in human fetal and neoplastic tissues. 625 48

Preliminary studies of 13 enzymes subserving various metabolic pathways were undertaken in tumor-free liver biopsy samples from cancer patients and control subjects. The observations indicate that as a result of nonhepatic neoplasms, with (7 cases) or without (6 cases) hepatic involvement, the biochemical composition of the liver becomes partially undifferentiated. Quantification of appropriate enzymes in histologically normal liver samples could thus distinguish clearly between cancer hosts and controls. The best discriminators include two hepatic enzymes whose concentrations were decreased to less than 30% of normal (soluble glutamate dehydrogenase and the cold stable pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) and three for which it was elevated two to four-fold (hexokinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase and thymidine kinase) in response to distant neoplasms. The same alterations in hepatic enzyme pattern were not seen in any cancer-free patients with or without morphologic liver damage.
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PMID:Enzyme pathology of the liver in patients with and without nonhepatic cancer. 737 35