Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sugar metabolism is intricately connected with mitochondria through the conversion of sugars to ATP, and through the production of carbon skeletons that can be used in anabolic processes. Sugar molecules also take part in signalling cascades. In this study we investigated the impact of sucrose on the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase gene family (NDPK, EC 2.7.4.6), focusing on NDPK3a, the product of which is located predominantly in mitochondria. Using quantitative PCR we show that the NDPK3a gene is subject to sucrose and glucose induction, while no other Arabidopsis NDPK gene are sucrose-inducible. The induction reaches a half-maximum after about 6 hours and is stable for at least 48 h. Sucrose and glucose inductions were found not to be affected by the presence of a hexokinase inhibitor, N-acetyl-glucosamine. Furthermore, turanose, a sucrose analogue that is not metabolised in plant cells, did not induce NDPK3a gene expression. An analysis of the NDPK3a gene revealed two WBOXHWISO1 boxes in the promoter region, elements that have previously been reported to be involved in sugar signalling in barley via the SUSIBA2 protein. SUSIBA2 belongs to the WRKY group of transcription factors. In this study we used two mutants containing T-DNA insertions in WRKY-genes, AtWrky4 and AtWrky34, to investigate the possible involvement of WRKY transcription factors in the sugar induction of NDPK3a.
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PMID:A novel connection between nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism in mitochondria: sugar regulation of the Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3a gene. 1805 37

Protein kinases regulate every aspect of cellular activity, whereas metabolic enzymes are responsible for energy production and catabolic and anabolic processes. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some metabolic enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), ketohexokinase (KHK) isoform A (KHK-A), hexokinase (HK), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 and 2 (NME1/2), that phosphorylate soluble metabolites can also function as protein kinases and phosphorylate a variety of protein substrates to regulate the Warburg effect, gene expression, cell cycle progression and proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, exosome secretion, T cell activation, iron transport, ion channel opening, and many other fundamental cellular functions. The elevated protein kinase functions of these moonlighting metabolic enzymes in tumor development make them promising therapeutic targets for cancer.
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PMID:Metabolic Kinases Moonlighting as Protein Kinases. 2946 70