Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Aluminum is an established neurotoxin. Prolonged exposure to even low levels of aluminum permit its chelation and subsequent transport to brain where it is non-uniformly distributed. 2. Available evidence suggests that (i) aluminum interferes with glucose metabolism by inhibiting hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; (ii) it binds to calmodulin and affects numerous phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reactions; (iii) it binds to transferrin and ferritin, affects the function of these proteins which in turn affect iron metabolism. 3. Thus accumulation of aluminum-induced metabolic errors colocalized in specific areas of the brain may lead to neurological disorders.
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PMID:Neurochemical hypothesis: participation by aluminum in producing critical mass of colocalized errors in brain leads to neurological disease. 167 37

Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) produced anemia in 15 of 42 mice between postinoculation days 14 and 70. The infected anemic (IA) mice had significantly higher reticulocyte counts (P less than 0.025), spleen (P less than 0.001) and liver (P less than 0.005) weights, and higher parasitemia than did infected nonanemic (INA) mice. gamma-Globulin concentrations of infected mice were markedly increased, and values for INA mice were 10% higher than values for IA mice. Erythrocyte hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and pyruvate kinase activities were increased in infected mice, whereas phosphofructokinase was only slightly decreased in infected mice. Seemingly, development of anemia was not related to defects in erythrocyte metabolism. Serum iron values of infected mice were similar to those of controls. Storage iron (hemosiderin and ferritin) concentrations were increased in the spleen and to a lesser extent in the liver. The activity of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that favors conversion of easily mobilized soluble ferritin to poorly mobilized insoluble hemosiderin, was decreased per unit weight of the enlarged spleen, although total activity was increased. The superoxide dismutase activity per unit weight of liver was not altered in infected mice although total liver activities were increased. These findings, as well as the marked reticulocytosis, indicate that lack of iron supply does not have a part in precipitating the anemia of T brucei infection. Leukocytosis was present in infected animals and was associated with lymphocytosis, eosinopenia, basophilia, and monocytosis; these changes were more marked in IA than in INA mice.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus): hematologic, erythrocyte biochemical, and iron metabolic aspects. 686 60

Previous studies have reported erythrocyte macrocytosis in adults and children with Down syndrome (DS), the significance of which remains unclear. We compared hematological parameters of 50 DS children aged 2 to 15 years, divided into three age groups, with those of 68 aged-matched healthy children. Patients with DS had a significantly increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin in all groups when compared with the controls. Erythrocyte creatine content, hexokinase (Hk) activity, erythrocyte and serum folates, vitamin B12, haptoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin were tested. All of these parameters were not significantly different from those of the control group. We conclude that macrocytosis may not be an expression of reduced red cell survival but rather of an altered folate remethylation pathway, secondary to enhanced cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) activity, the gene for which is present on chromosome 21.
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PMID:Hematological studies in children with Down syndrome. 873 44