Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline ionized water (AKW) produced by the electrolysis of tap water (TPW) was given to pregnant rats throughout gestation. AKW was subsequently given to infants as a test group until 15 weeks old to determine changes in body and organ weights, erythrocyte hexokinase (HK) activity and histological preparations of myocardiac muscle. The results were compared with those for rats given TPW. Body weight of male and female rats given AKWA at 3 to 11 weeks of age after birth significantly increased beyond control group values. Organ weights of offspring at 15 weeks-old showed no statistical difference for either group. HK activity, the rate-determining enzyme in erythrocyte glycolysis, significantly increased in males given AKW at 15 weeks-old. This suggests that AKW intake causes elevation of metabolic activity. Hyperkalemia was observed in males and females given AKW at 15 weeks-old. Especially in males, pathological changes of necrosis in myocardiac muscle were observed.
 ...
PMID:Influence of alkaline ionized water on rat erythrocyte hexokinase activity and myocardium. 919 11

Aluminium (Al.) is an ubiquitous element found in every food product. The sources of Al. are especially corn, yellow cheese, salt, herbs, spices, tea and tap water. In household Al.-made ware is a major source of the element. Al. may cause diseases in humans, especially hampers many metabolic processes especially turnover of calcium, phosphorus and iron. Salts of Al. may bind to DNA, RNA, inhibit such enzymes as hexokinase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphodiesterase and phosphooxydase. Al. salts are especially harmful to nervous, hematopoietic systems and to skeleton. Al. gets to organism with food, water, cosmetics, from aluminium ware and containers. Toxicity comes from substitution of Mg and Fe ions effecting in disturbances in intracellular signaling, excretory functions and cellular growth. Neurotoxic action of Al. probably comes from substitution of Mg ions in ATP, what finally influences function of every ATP using-enzymes. There are observations in experimental models proving Al. salts are responsible for Alzheimer disease development. Toxicity of Al. to skeletal system results in diminished resistance thus tendencies to breaking, and comes from lower collagen synthesis and slowing down of mineralisation. Low erythropoietin production, inhibition of hem-synthesing enzymes and binding of Al. to transferrin, effects in anaemia. Carcinogenic effects of Al. were nor proved nor denied, but high concentrations of Al. were found in many neoplastic cells. In conclusion, we should introduce prophylactic measures effecting in less Al. intake esp. avoiding use of Al.-made ware nad controlling food for Al. content.
 ...
PMID:[Aluminum--occurrence and toxicity for organisms]. 1129 16

We developed a label-free and washing-free method for biomolecular detection using a personal glucose meter (PGM). ATP was selected as a model target, and cascade enzymatic reactions promoted by hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were adopted to link the amount of ATP to glucose that is detectable by a hand-held PGM. In principle, the presence of target ATP enables hexokinase to catalyze the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by providing a phosphate group to glucose, and thus the amount of glucose is decreased in proportion to the amount of ATP. In addition, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), which is generated after hexokinase-catalyzed enzymatic reaction, is recovered to ATP by a pyruvate kinase enzyme. The regenerated ATP is again supplemented to catalyze multiple rounds of cascade enzymatic reactions, leading to signal amplification. As a result, the change of glucose amount that is inversely proportional to ATP amount is simply measured by a hand-held PGM. By employing this strategy, we successfully determined ATP down to 49 nM with high selectivity even in real samples such as tap water, human serum, and bovine urine. Importantly, the developed system does not require expensive modification and washing steps but is conveniently operated with a commercially available PGM, which would pave the way for the development of a simple and cost-effective sensing platform.
 ...
PMID:A Personal Glucose Meter for Label-Free and Washing-Free Biomolecular Detection. 3015 94