Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Developmental enzyme alterations were investigated in skeletal muscle of the hereditary progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) mice of C57BL/6J strain. 2. Enzymes examined were classified into three groups according to changes of activities in dystrophy muscle during ageing. Activities of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1), and fructose-biphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), each of which had the respective muscle specific isoenzyme of extremely high activity in normal adult skeletal muscle, decreased rapidly in dystrophy muscle from the early stage of the disease with ageing. Activities of glycogen synthase (EC 2.4.1.11) and hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) were higher in dystrophy muscle in the early stage but decreased gradually to lower levels than those in the control with ageing. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) were always much higher in dystrophy muscle than in the control, with no relation to ageing. 3. Isoenzymes of creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphorylase in dystrophy muscle were mainly the muscle types, indicating that muscle differentiation was not blocked profoundly even in dystrophy muscle. In limited cases, especially in the early stage of the disease, very weak activities of the non-muscle fetal type isoenzymes of creatine kinase and phosphorylase were detected, apparently associated with partial muscle regeneration in dystrophy muscle.
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PMID:Enzyme alteration in skeletal muscle of mice with muscular dystrophy. 41 23

Carbohydrate metabolism by four rat hepatoma cell lines in culture, namely, Reuber H35, MH1C1, RLC, and HTC, has been investigated. Glucose utilization by H35 and MH1C1 cells is lower than that by RLC and HTC cells. The four cell lines also differ with respect to the accumulation of lactic acid in the growth medium; in particular, H35 cells show uptake of lactic acid, rather than accumulation in the medium. Specific activities of a number of enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen formation were determined in the four cell lines. A direct relationship between the differences was found for the activities of some enzymes belonging to carbohydrate metabolism, namely, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolases A and B, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and the differences found for glucose utilization by the different cell lines.
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PMID:Comparative studies of glucose metabolism in HTC, RLC, MH1C1, and Reuber H35 rat hepatoma cells. 42 45

A neutral SH-dependent proteinase was isolated from bovine spleen by a slight modification of the previous method (1) and its action on some natural and synthetic substrates was studied. The activity of the enzyme was increased 2000--2500-fold as compared to that of the original extract. The enzyme hydrolyzed various histones (H1, H2a, H2b, H3), casein and protamine but did not split hemoglobin, serum albumin and 14C-tryptophane-labelled total protein from chicken embryos. The enzyme possessed neither collagenolytic nor elastase activity; it did not inactivate aldolase, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which makes the enzyme different from cathepsin B1 and some other previously described proteinases. The enzyme did not split BAPA, BAEE, ATEE, Boc-Ala-ONP, Leu-beta-NA and some other peptides. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 15 000.
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PMID:[Isolation and properties of neutral SH-dependent proteinase from bovine spleen]. 43 66

We report a method for immobilizing glucose dehydrogenase on the inside surface of nylon tubes to produce an immobilized-enzyme nylon-tube reactor. The glucose dehydrogenase reactor is integrated into the flow system of a continuous-flow analyzer to facilitate routine analysis of serum glucose at 50 samples/h. We compared results with those by the reference hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase solution method. The coefficient of correlation was r = 0.996. A glucose dehydrogenase reactor made starting with 1 mg (250 U) of enzyme was stable during eight weeks of continuous use, that is, for nearly 3500 tests. This reduced the cost of the assay by at least 50-fold, compared with that for a commercial glucose dehydrogenase test pack method.
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PMID:Routine glucose determination in serum by use of an immobilized glucose dehydrogenase nylon-tube reactor. 45 81

We have adapted for glucose determination a new approach to kinetic analyses [Anal. Chem. 50, 1611 (1978)]; it is 50-fold less dependent upon some experimental variables than is a more conventional rate method. Modification of a commercially available hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reagent system for glucose provides that the rate of production of NADH be first-order in total glucose concentration within about 30 s after sample and reagent are mixed. In the kinetic method, absorbance vs. time data recorded after 30 s and a multiple-linear-regression program are used to compute the absorbance change that would occur if the reaction were monitored to completion. Results demonstrate a linear relationship between glucose concentration and computed absorbance change. Application of the method to 51 human sera without rigorous control of either temperature or reagent composition yielded a regression equation of y = 1.01x -0.3 when kinetic results (y) were compared with equilibrium results (x) for the same samples analyzed in a hospital laboratory.
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PMID:A kinetic method for glucose that is insensitive to variations in temperature and enzyme activity. 46 84

In leukocytes of exudate from diabetic rabbits, the activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are increased, and a tendency of adenylate kinase activity to decline is observable. The activities of UDP-pyrophosphatase, UDP-glycogentransferase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutahione reductase in the exudate erythrocytes in diabetes are not essentially altered. The decrease of the key enzymes of glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle, providing the leukocytes with energy and metabolites, reduces the functional activity of leukocytes from exudate in diabetes.
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PMID:[Enzyme profile of exudate leukocytes from diabetic rabbits]. 51 96

The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycolytic enzymes were higher in the fetal myocardium of the guinea pig than at birth and fell progressively during the 1st mo of life. The alphaHBDH/LDH ratio of H to M subunits of lactate dehydrogenase, was low in the fetus and continued to rise during the 1st mo after birth. The distinction between the left and right ventricular activities of lactate dehydrogenase, which is clear in adult guinea pigs, was absent in the fetus and appeared during postnatal development. Glycogen phosphorylase activity was low in the fetus and at birth. The activities of beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were low in the fetus, but had reached, or even temporarily exceeded, normal adult levels at birth. Palmitylcarnitine transferase activity was also low in the fetal heart compared with the newborn but continued to increase substantially during the first 2 wk after birth.
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PMID:Myocardial enzyme activities in guinea pigs during development. 59 69

A micromethod for the determination of glucose in 20 microliter of capillary blood using glucose dehydrogenase is described. After deproteinisation with uranyl acetate, the samples are analysed by an Autoanalyzer II method or by a manual procedure. Precision and accuracy are well correlated with the hexokinase-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. Eleven months experience have shown the practicability and economic advantages of this method.
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PMID:[Microdetermination of glucose using glucose dehydrogenase, with independent sample preparation in the routine laboratory (author's transl)]. 64 49

The determination of capillary blood glucose after deproteinization using the aca is described. The method, which uses the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, is compared with the glucose dehydrogenase method. The comparison shows that glucose values measured in capillary blood are essentially the same in both methods. The requirements for quality control are fulfilled. The method is not influenced by hemolysis, bilirubinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.
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PMID:[The determination of capillary blood glucose using the automatic clinical analyzer (aca) Dupont (author's transl)]. 64 50

We assessed the analytical performance of the co-immobilized hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) method for D-glucose analysis on the Technicon SMAC. The enzyme-containing coils were usable for one month, or 12 000 tests. Bilirubin, hemoglobin, lipemia, creatinine, uric acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid did not interfere. Results with this method were compared to those by the National Glucose Reference Method. The upper limits of the total error estimate (a combination of random and systematic errors) were 76, 74, and 125 mg/liter at concentrations of 500, 1200, and 3000 mg/liter, respectively. The error estimates were less than allowable errors based on medical usefulness; thus the method was judged to perform acceptably with respect to the Reference Method. We also present performance data for the routine SMAC glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4)/Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) 3-methyl-2-benzothianolinone hydrazone-N,N-dimethylaniline method, the direct hexokinase method with the Du Pont aca, and the glucose oxidase oxygen-rate method with the Beckman Glucose Analyzer.
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PMID:Evaluation of the co-immobilized hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method for glucose, as adapted to the Technicon SMAC. 65 1


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