Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple screening procedure for the detection of adenilate kinase (AK), hexokinase (Hx) or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiencies in blood, is described. It consists of two assays : in the first, the ATP formed by blood AK is coupled to Hx and G6PD, and in the second, the glucose-6-phosphate formed by blood Hx is coupled to G6PD. The enzyme activities are visually estimated by the reduction of NADP+ (non-fluorescent) to NADH (fluorescent). The appearance of fluorescence in the first assay indicates that the three enzyme activities are present. The absence of fluorescence could be due to the deficiency of any one of the three enzymes; in this case the second assay used in combination with the Beutler's screening test for G6PD permits the detection of the specific enzymatic deficiency.
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PMID:A simple screening procedure for adenylate kinase, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies. 625 22

Stocks of intestinal amoebae isolated from hospital patients in Mexico City and grown in monoxenic culture were compared among themselves and with those already described (SARGEAUNT & WILLIAMS, 1979), using the electrophoretic patterns of four enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), L-malate:NADP+ oxido-reductase (oxalacetate-decarboxylating) (ME) and hexokinase (HK). New isoenzyme groups (SARGEAUNT & WILLIAMS, 1979) of all the amoebae, including Entamoeba histolytica have been demonstrated. Amongst these have been found seven more groups of E. histolytica, two new groups of E. hartmanni, one new group of Dientamoeba fragilis and one new group of E. coli. Of the seven new groups of E. histolytica three are known to originate from patients with clinical amoebiasis whilst the remainder are from asymptomatic subjects. Only 11.2% of the 125 isolations were associated with clinical amoebiasis, and these are clearly distinguished from the isolations from asymptomatic patients by their electrophoretic isoenzyme pattern.
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PMID:The epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica in Mexico City. A pilot survey I. 625 79

Stocks of intestinal amoebae grown in monoxenic culture, were compared against each other and against those previously reported from Mexico City. These were isolated from subjects in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas (rural area) and hospital patients in Merida, Yucatan (urban area). Electrophoretic patterns of the four enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), L-malate: NADP+ oxido-reductase (oxalacetate-decarboxylating) (ME) and hexokinase (HK) demonstrated the presence of five groups (zymodemes) of Entamoeba histolytica already described from Mexico City, together with two new zymodemes, one of which gave a recognizable pathogenic pattern, whilst the other gave a contradictory pattern. Zymodemes of Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hartmanni, Iodamoeba buetschlii and Dientamoeba fragilis, previously described were also isolated. One new zymodeme of D. fragilis was demonstrated.
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PMID:The epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica in a rural and an urban area of Mexico. A pilot survey II. 628 56

Using a biphasic culture medium, stocks of intestinal amoebae were isolated from a group of children attending school in Durban, South Africa. These were compared with stocks collected in other areas of the world already characterized using the electrophoretic patterns of four enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) L-malate: NADP+ oxido-reductase (oxalacetate-decarboxylating) (ME) and hexokinase (HK). 33% of 94 samples grew Entamoeba histolytica, only one of which gave a pattern indicative of a pathogenic stock. Entamoeba hartmanni, Dientamoeba fragilis and Entamoeba coli were also grown from some samples, increasing the total positive samples for all species isolated to 40%.
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PMID:A zymodeme study of Entamoeba histolytica in a group of South African schoolchildren. 628 86

The role of mitochondrial hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.) and mitochondrial ATP synthesis in the utilization of glucose for the support of estrogen biosynthesis was examined in placental mitochondrial preparations supplemented with NADP+, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 4-androstene-3,17-dione. With 14 mitochondrial preparations, rates of steroid aromatization supported by 100 mM glucose and 20 mM ATP had a mean of 65.7 +/- 7.1 (SD) % of rates achieved with saturating levels of glucose 6-phosphate. ADP, but not AMP, could substitute for ATP in this system. Aromatization supported by glucose and high concentrations of ADP was inhibited by AMP but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol or oligomycin. Glucose also supported mitochondrial aromatization when combined with a respiratory chain-linked metabolic substrate (glycerol 3-phosphate) and a limiting concentration of ADP (2 mM). This support was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, the p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone of carbonyl cyanide, oligomycin and atractyloside. Thus, glucose metabolism by mitochondrial hexokinase, utilizing ATP generated either by oxidative phosphorylation or mitochondrial adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), can be coupled with a soluble NADPH-generating system to provide effective support of mitochondrial estrogen synthesis.
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PMID:The support of steroid aromatization by mitochondrial metabolic activities of the human placenta. 670 59

The mannitol cycle is an important NADPH regenerating system in Alternaria alternata. The cycle is built up to the following enzymes: mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol 1-phosphatase, mannitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. The net reaction of one cycle turn is: NADH + NADP+ + ATP leads to NAD+ + NADPH + ADP + Pi. The enzymes needed for an operating cycle were found in Aspergillus, Botrytis, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Trichothecium, Cladosporium and Thermomyces all genera belonging to Fungi Imperfecti. The only genus of this class lacking the cycle was Candida. No genera from the classes Basidiomycetes and Phycomycetes showed any mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase or mannitol 1-phosphatase activities. The genera investigated, belonging to Ascomycetes, Gibberella, Ceratocystis and Neurospora all lacked mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was concluded that the mannitol cycle is an important and widespread pathway for NADH oxidation and NADP+ reduction in the organisms belonging to the class Fungi Imperfecti.
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PMID:The distribution of the NADPH regenerating mannitol cycle among fungal species. 678 99

A simple fluorimetric assay for the determination of carbamoyl phosphate in tissue extracts is described. In the assay, production of ATP from carbamoyl phosphate and ADP by carbamate kinase is coupled to the formation of NADPH, using glucose, hexokinase, NADP+, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Production of NADPH in this system proved to be equal to the amount of carbamoyl phosphate present.
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PMID:Fluorimetric determination of carbamoyl phosphate. 685 36

Clones of 32 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic Pentatrichomonas hominis on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns for eight enzymes by thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes examined were: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); malic enzyme (NADP+) (ME); hexokinase (HK); malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (MDH); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); aldolase (ALD); and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). From the isoenzyme patterns of four enzymes (LDH, MDH, HK, and GPI) the strains of T vaginalis could be divided clearly into five groups. PGM showed differences in only one strain, while two other enzyme patterns (ME and ALD) were the same for all the strains of T vaginalis tested. All isolates were clearly distinguishable from P hominis. Although G6PD patterns were not sharp some differences were evident among T vaginalis strains.
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PMID:Isoenzyme characterisation of Trichomonas vaginalis. 698 Jun 85

A number of reactive dichlorotriazine dyes specifically and irreversibly inactivate pig heart lactate dehydrogenase, yeast glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and yeast hexokinase at sites competitive with NAD+, NADP+, and ATP respectively. Monochlorotriazine dyes, including Cibacron Blue F3G-A, do not inactivate lactate dehydrogenase but display high affinity and thus inhibit the inactivation by dichlorotriazine dyes. These data are interpreted in terms of the ability of nucleotide-binding enzymes to bind polysulphonated aromatic chromophores.
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PMID:Triazine dyes, a new class of affinity labels for nucleotide-dependent enzymes. 700 86

Two major hexokinases (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferases, EC 2.7.1.1) have been identified in tissues of Homarus americanus (lobster) and separated from each other by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of each, determined by gel filtration, is about 50 000. Hexokinase II, named for its column elution order, resembles hexokinase isozymes I and II of vertebrates. Km values for glucose, mannose and fructose are 0.08, 0.13 and 6.7 mM, respectively. It is strongly inhibited by the reaction products, ADP and glucose-6-P (Ki = 0.8 mM). Hexokinase I appears to be different from any animal hexokinase previously described. It has a high affinity for mannose and fructose and low affinity for glucose. Km values are 6, 0.07 and 1.2 mM and relative maximum rates 100, 520 and 1070 for glucose, mannose and fructose, respectively. Hexokinase I is not inhibited by physiological concentrations of ATP nor by glucose-6-P , mannose-6-P or fructose-6-P even at high concentrations. Both enzymes occur in muscle at about 10% of the concentration found in the hepatopancreas. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49), with NAD as cofactor, is recommended for measuring hexokinases in crude tissue preparations to avoid the variable further reduction of nucleotide caused by the action of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase when NADP is used with yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Two hexokinases of Homarus americanus (lobster), one having great affinity for mannose and fructose and low affinity for glucose. 721 58


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