Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The uptake of P(32) and its incorporation into phosphorylated compounds was examined in the roots of barley seedlings which had been pretreated with aluminum.The rate at which phosphorus increased in Al-roots was greater than in controls, especially during the first 15 minutes of incubation. It was shown that the increased phosphorus in Al-roots was P(i) and that it was almost completely exchangeable. Similar increases over controls were found when root segments were incubated in phosphorus solutions containing 10(-3)m DNP and at low temperature. The increased P(i) in Al-roots did not result in an increase in the total amount of phosphorus incorporated into phosphorylated compounds.Aluminum treatment markedly decreased the incorporation of P(32) into sugar phosphates but increased the pool size of ATP and other nucleotide triphosphates present in the roots. The specific activities of P(32) in ATP in Al-roots and controls were similar indicating that the rates of ATP synthesis were similar in each case.Preliminary investigations showed that aluminum citrate inhibited both purified yeast hexokinase and phosphorylated sugar production by crude mitochondrial extracts from barley roots.The results suggest that there are 2 reactions between aluminum and phosphorus: 1) at the cell surface or in the free space which results in the fixation of phosphate by an adsorption-precipitation reaction; 2) within the cell, possibly within the mitochondria, which results in a marked decrease in the rate of sugar phosphorylation, probably effected by the inhibition of hexokinase. The evidence does not support the view that aluminum enhances phosphorus uptake or that the superficial reaction between aluminum and phosphate interferes with phosphorus transport.
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PMID:Effect of aluminum on the uptake and metabolism of phosphorus by barley seedlings. 1665 24

1. Sheep-, rabbit- and ox-muscle minces prepared soon after slaughter were diluted with 1 vol. of 0.16 m-potassium chloride in the absence (potassium chloride mince) and presence of added cofactor or glycolysable substrate, and the effects on the ultimate pH were examined. 2. Changes in the concentrations of glycogen and lactate and the concentrations of some phosphorus-containing fractions were determined in ox-muscle preparations. 3. Glycolysis ceased at appreciably higher pH in the potassium chloride mince than in undiluted mince. The inclusion of glycogen, ATP, ADP, NAD or magnesium chloride in the diluent had little effect on the ultimate pH of the diluted mince. 4. Lactic acid production continued at lower pH values in diluted mince containing added glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate or glucose plus hexokinase than in potassium chloride mince. 5. The evidence points to failure of the phosphorylase step being responsible for the dilution effect.
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PMID:Post-mortem glycolysis in skeletal muscle. The extent of glycolysis in diluted preparation of mammalian muscle. 1674 88

Monitoring the concentration of blood glucose in patients is a key component of good medical diagnoses. Therefore, developing an accurate, rapid and sensitive strategy for monitoring blood glucose is of vital importance. We proposed a strategy for serum glucose determination combining 2-(4-boronobenzyl) isoquinolin-2-ium bromide chemical labeling with black phosphorus assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (CL-BP/ALDI-TOF MS). The entire analytical process consisted of 1min of protein precipitation and 3min of chemical labeling in a microwave oven prior to the BP/ALDI-TOF MS analysis. The analysis can be completed in 5min with high throughput and extremely low sample consumption. Good linearity for glucose was obtained with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9986. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 11.5 fmol and 37.5 fmol, respectively. Satisfied reproducibility and reliability were gained by evaluation of the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 7.2% and relative recoveries ranging from 87.1% to 108.1%, respectively. The proposed strategy was also applied for the analysis of endogenous glucose in various serum samples and the results were consistent with those obtained using the hexokinase method in a clinical laboratory. Considering the results, the proposed CL-BP/ALDI-TOF MS strategy has proven to be reliable, fast, and sensitive for quantitative analysis of serum glucose.
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PMID:Rapid and sensitive serum glucose determination using chemical labeling coupled with black phosphorus-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 2891 60

Silk fibroin (SF) has potential applications in the biomedical field because of its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In the current study, chitooligosaccharide (COS) was enzymatically grafted onto SF using laccase. Subsequently, COS-grafted SF (SF-g-COS) was treated enzymatically in the presence of hexokinase and Mg-chelated adenosine triphosphate (ATP), so as to introduce phosphate groups onto the fibroin chains and promote the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) during in situ biomimetic mineralization. The efficacy of phosphorylation and biomimetic mineralization of the SF-g-COS was evaluated by means of HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, FTIR, XRD and EDS-Mapping. The results indicate that hexokinase has the capability to catalyze the phosphorylation of COS, resulting in an increase in the quantity of phosphorus in the SF-g-COS. Following mineralization of the phosphorylated SF-g-COS, a greater number of mineral phases were detected on its surface, accompanied by a higher content of calcium and phosphorus compared with other specimens. Cell viability tests using NIH/3T3 cells and cellular adhesion potential with MG-63 cells indicated that the fibroin-based biocomposite exhibited acceptable biocompatibility and superior cellular adhesion properties. The present study describes a novel method for preparation of fibroin/HAp biocomposites for bone tissue engineering.
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PMID:Biomimetic mineralization behavior of COS-grafted silk fibroin following hexokinase-mediated phosphorylation. 3087 13


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