Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of lactose, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, UDPglucose, UDPgalactose, UDP, UMP, inorganic phosphate, ADP and AMP (metabolites involved in the lactose synthesis pathway), and cAMP, galactose and sodium were measured in the mammary secretion from four or five mammary glands on each of six sows during the first 5 d post weaning. The concentrations of lactose, glucose and galactose were also measured in plasma during this time. Following weaning, the rapid increase in the concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and UDPgalactose suggested that the rate of lactose synthesis was regulated by the inhibition of hexokinase and/or lactose synthase, while the decrease in glucose and AMP indicated a subsequent decline in glucose and ATP utilization. The rapid increase in glucose 6-phosphate which plays a pivotal role as a substrate for both lactose and de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the rapid decrease in AMP which reflects ATP utilization, were good markers of decreased metabolic activity. These rapid changes in the metabolic activity of the mammary glands were not observed in a second weaning study when two piglets were removed from selected mammary glands for periods up to 5 h during established lactation. Since concentrations of lactogenic hormones remain elevated following partial weaning, but fall following total weaning (Rojkittikhun et al. 1991), these differences in mammary gland metabolism indicate that endocrine rather than autocrine mechanisms are controlling lactose and fat synthesis during the initial stages of total weaning.
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PMID:Assessment of mammary gland metabolism in the sow. III. Cellular metabolites in the mammary secretion and plasma following weaning. 760 70

Gibberellic acid (GA) stimulated both the elongation of Avena sativa stem segments and increased synthesis of cell wall material. The effects of GA on glucose metabolism, as related to cell wall synthesis, have been investigated in order to find specific events regulated by GA. GA caused a decline in the levels of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and fructose 6-phosphate if exogenous sugar was not supplied to the segments, whereas the hormone caused no change in the levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, UDP-glucose, or the adenylate energy charge if the segments were incubated in 0.1 m glucose. No GA-induced change could be demonstrated in the activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, or polysaccharide synthetases using UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-xylose, and UDP-arabinose as substrates. GA stimulated the activity of GDP-glucose-dependent beta-glucan synthetase by 2- to 4-fold over the control. When glucan synthetase was assayed using UDP-glucose as substrate, only beta-1,3-linked glucan was synthesized in vitro, whereas with GDP-glucose, only beta-1,4-linked glucan was synthesized. These results suggest that one part of the mechanism by which GA stimulates cell wall synthesis concurrently with elongation in Avena stem segments may be through a stimulation of cell wall polysaccharide synthetase activity.
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PMID:Regulation of glucose metabolism and cell wall synthesis in Avena stem segments by gibberellic Acid. 1666 May 24