Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A genomic clone containing sequence identical to the 5' region of the cDNA for rat Type I hexokinase was isolated from a lambda Charon 4A library. A 5.4-kb EcoRI fragment from this clone, containing the matching sequence, was sequenced in its entirety. Rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5' RACE), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ribonuclease protection experiments were consistent with the existence of multiple transcriptional start sites clustered in three regions approximately 460, 300, and 100 nucleotides upstream from the translational start codon. Together with results of previous work, the 5' untranslated sequence defined in the present study accounts for the 4.3-kb mRNA for Type I hexokinase seen on Northern blots. Fragments from the 5' flanking region were cloned into a reporter vector containing the luciferase coding region. Based on transfection experiments with both PC12 and H9c2 cells, promoter activity was associated with a region lying between nucleotide positions -742 and -516 (with A of the ATG codon at the translational start site defined as +1). The promoter region lacks a TATA sequence and, together with the transcriptional start sites, is located within a GC rich segment (a "CpG island") approximately 1 kb in length. These characteristics have previously been associated with the promoter and transcriptional start sites of genes for "housekeeping enzymes."
 ...
PMID:Isolation of the promoter for Type I hexokinase from rat. 891 47

Flight muscle Hexokinase-A (HEX-A) is the most conserved and essential hexokinase isoenzyme among Drosophila species. In this study, the Hex-A locus, encoding the HEX-A isoenzyme, has been analysed for the elements regulating its expression. By sequencing the 5' ends of Hex-A cDNA amplified by 5' RACE, we identified a transcription start site that overlapped the Initiator and downstream promoter elements. A 214 bp sequence, encompassing transcription start sites and promoter elements, was required for minimal promoter activity. DNA sequence to the 5' end of the minimal promoter element did not demonstrate any promoter activity; however, its inclusion with the basal promoter element enhanced the promoter activity. Oligonucleotide competition and site-directed mutagenesis identified the Initiator-like sequences, TCAWT, present in this region that were responsible for enhancing the promoter activity. The Hex-A locus is expressed as a single protein in Drosophila cell line, whereas in pupae, larvae and adult flies, it is expressed as two distinct types.
 ...
PMID:Functional analysis of Drosophila melanogaster hexokinase Hex-A locus: multiple Initiator-like elements enhance DPE containing promoter activity. 1725 4

Hexokinase (HXK) plays important roles in hexose phosphorylation and sugar signaling. HXK regulates the glucose-induced accumulation of anthocyanin in many species. Little is known about the biological function of the HXK gene family in Paeonia suffruticosa. cDNA sequences of two hexokinase genes PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 were isolated using RACE-PCR and RT-PCR from P. suffruticosa. PsHXK1 encodes 498 amino acids with a 1497-bp open reading frame (ORF), and PsHXK2 contains 493 amino acids with a 1482-bp ORF. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses suggest that PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 belong to type-B HXK and may function as glucose sensors. PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 mRNA were detected in all tested tissues. PsHXK1 is highly expressed in petals and stamens, while PsHXK2 is highly expressed in stamens. At the former stages of flower opening, PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 show higher expression levels in on-tree flowers compared with cut flowers. Overexpressing PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 in Arabidopsis enhances glucose sensitivity, inhibits plant growth in response to glucose, and induces anthocyanin accumulation in response to the high level of glucose. Overall, our results primarily reveal the biological function of PsHXK1 and PsHXK2, especially their involvement in glucose-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of hexokinase genes PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 from tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews). 3167 36