Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three T. vaginalis isolates from Egypt were compared for their isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns on cellulose acetate. The enzymes studied were: glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PD); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); malic enzyme (ME); hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The three isolates shared the same isoenzyme banding patterns of MDH; GPI; HK and LDH. Two of these isolates were similar in their banding patterns of G6PD, PGM and different from those of the third isolate. The latter was similar to one of the two isolates and different from the other in the ME isoenzyme patterns.
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PMID:Characterization of Egyptian isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis I. Isoenzyme patterns. 143 Dec 86

mRNA steady-state levels and activities of enzymes of intermediary carbon metabolism (hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase) and glucose-regulated enzymes (pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, invertase, alcohol dehydrogenase) were determined in glucose-limited continuous cultures of an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different dilution rates (D) ranging from 0.05 to 0.315 h-1. The activity of most enzymes measured remained constant over this range except for alcohol dehydrogenase I/II which decreased proportionally with increasing dilution rate. A decrease in phosphoglucomutase activity occurred with increasing dilution rate but reached a minimum at D 0.2 h-1 and from thereon remained constant. A decrease in pyruvate decarboxylase activity and a slight decrease in phosphoglucoisomerase activity was observed. At D 0.29/0.315 h-1, at the onset of the Crabtree effect, most glycolytic enzymes remained constant except for pyruvate decarboxylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which increased at D 0.315 h-1 and alcohol dehydrogenase I/II which decreased. The ADHI/II and PDC1 mRNA levels obtained at the different dilution rates were in accordance with the activity measurements. The mRNA level of HXK1 decreased with increasing dilution rates, whereas the transcription of HXK2 increased. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDA1) and PGI1 mRNA fluctuated but no significant change could be detected. These results indicate that there is no transcriptional or translational regulation of glycolytic flux between D 0.05 h-1 and 0.315 h-1 except at the branch point between oxidative and fermentative metabolism (pyruvate decarboxylase/pyruvate dehydrogenase) at D 0.315 h-1. Surprisingly regulation of the Crabtree effect does not seem to involve transcriptional regulation of PDA1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Analysis of transcription and translation of glycolytic enzymes in glucose-limited continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 148 26

Five clones of axenic E. histolytica (HMI) grown as discrete colonies in semisolid agar medium were adapted in liquid medium and labelled as HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-C143, HMI-C144 and HMI-C145. Isoenzymes of these 5 clones of E. histolytica (HMI) were investigated in starch gel electrophoresis. There were no differences in the electromobility of maleate NADP oxidoreductase and glucosephosphoisomerase amongst the five clones and uncloned cultures of axenic E. histolytica. The relative electromobility (rf) of a single phosphoglucomutase (PGM) band of uncloned Mexican E. histolytica (HMI) and Indian axenic E. histolytica (KCG: 0986: 11) cultures and cloned E. histolytica HMI-C121, HMI-C145 was 0.087 while a single PGM band of uncloned E. histolytica (NIH: 200) and cloned E. histolytica HMI-C131, HMI-C143 and HMI-C144 cultures had rf of 0.075. Isoenzyme characterization of four cloned HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-C143, HMI-C144 cultures of axenic E. histolytica (HMI) revealed existence of three bands of hexokinase (HK). The additional third band of HK was located close to the place of application of lysate and had rf ranging from 0.11-0.14. The data indicated that parent axenic E. histolytica (HMI) consisted of several populations and each population expressed different isoenzyme pattern without an association of amoebic cultures with any bacterial species.
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PMID:Variations in isoenzymes of cloned & uncloned axenic Entamoeba histolytica without bacterial association. 153 84

Using agarose gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic patterns of four enzymes: malate NADP oxidoreductase (malic enzyme) (ME), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and hexokinase (HK), were compared and analysed for five strains of Entamoeba histolytica, which had been obtained from patients with acute amebic dysentery or asymptomatic cyst carrier in Beijing, Tianjin and Fujian Province. The results showed that the electrophoretic patterns of all the five strains of E. histolytica belong to pathogenic zymodeme, zymodeme XIV, which is suggested to be the main pathogenic zymodeme in our country.
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PMID:[Distribution of zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica from different areas of China]. 182 58

Isoenzymes of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate isomerase were examined, using agarose gel isoelectrofocusing, in populations of Phlebotomus ariasi (France), P. neglectus (Greece), P. perfilewi (Italy & Greece) and P. tobbi (Greece). Comparison between enzymatic profiles by numerical analysis separated Larroussius from Phlebotomus and Paraphlebotomus subgenera and brought together P. ariasi and P. neglectus. Nei genetic coefficients indicated similarities between populations of P. perfiliewi from Corfu and central Italy and between Corfuan and Cretan P. neglectus samples.
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PMID:[Isoenzymatic studies of Mediterranean populations of sandflies of the subgenus Larroussius]. 184 Dec 46

Five clones of axenic Entamoeba histolytica (HMI) grown as discrete colonies in semisolid agar medium were adapted in liquid medium and labelled as HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-C143, HMI-C144 and HMI-C145. The clone HMI-C121 was more cytotoxic to the cultured Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells while all other clones were significantly (P less than 0.001) less cytotoxic as compared to the cloned HMI-C121 and uncloned E. histolytica (HMI). The uncloned Indian axenic E. histolytica (KCG:0986:11) as well as E. histolytica (NIH:200) cultures were significantly (P less than 0.001) less cytotoxic to cultured BHK cells. No difference in the electromobility of maleate NADP oxidoreductase (ME) or glucophosphate isomerase (GPI) isoenzyme in the lysates of all the cloned and uncloned cultures of E. histolytica was observed. The clones HMI-C121, HMI-C131, HMI-G143 and HMI-C144 had three bands of hexokinase (HK) while all uncloned cultures and one of clones, HMI-C145 had only two bands. Though cloned and uncloned cultures had a single PGM band, the relative electromobility (rf) of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) for clone HMI-C131, HMI-C143 HMI-C144 was relatively less (rf 0.075) and these were also significantly (P less than 0.001) less cytotoxic to BHK cells as compared to clone HMI-C121. It is felt that axenic E. histolytica culture consists of several populations (clones) and expression of isoenzymes pattern or cytotoxic potentials would depend upon the population which predominantly multiples and outgrows other populations in the culture system.
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PMID:Variations in cytotoxicity and isoenzyme patterns of uncloned and cloned cultures of axenic Entamoeba histolytica. 186 71

Treatment of rats with diazinon (40 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in hyperglycaemia and depletion of glycogen from the brain and peripheral tissues two hours after administration. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly higher in the brain and liver; that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in the brain. The cholinesterase activity in the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly increased. The lactate level was increased in the brain and blood, whereas that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not changed to any major extent. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. The changes were pronounced after intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg diazinon, they were slight but significant after 20 mg/kg, and absent after 10 mg/kg. Hyperglycaemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism were abolished by adrenalectomy suggesting possible involvement of adrenals.
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PMID:The role of adrenals in diazinon-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rats. 209 50

The neurochemical changes induced by malathion, an organophosphate compound, were determined in rats. Maximal changes were found in the brain 2 h after the administration of malathion in a dose of 500 mg/kg ip. The activities of cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were reduced whereas those of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, and hexokinase were increased; the lactate content of brain was also increase. In malathion treated adrenalectomized animals, changes in the activities of cerebral cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were still present; other changes were, however, abolished by adrenalectomy. Activities of certain enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were not significantly altered by malathion in normal or adrenalectomized animals. The results indicate that cerebral cholinergic mechanism in malathion treated animals was not modified by adrenalectomy which, however, abolished or reduced changes in the activities of certain glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes that are involved in the utilization or metabolism of glucose. The brain lactate content in malathion treated adrenalectomized animals was, also, not significantly different from the control values, suggesting that modification of induced changes by adrenalectomy.
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PMID:Modification of malathion induced neurochemical changes by adrenalectomy in rats. 209 80

UDP-GlcN was synthesized from GlcN and UTP by a two step hollow fiber enzyme reactor method. In step 1, GlcN was converted to GlcN 6-P and then to GlcN 1-P by hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase, respectively, and UTP was used as the phosphate donor. In step 2, GlcN 1-P was converted to UDP-GlcN by UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase. All the enzymes required for the synthesis of UDP-GlcN were enclosed in hollow fiber bundles which allow for the free diffusion of substrates and products across the membranes to and from the enzymes, allow for the reutilization of the enzymes, and simplify the isolation of the product, UDP-GlcN. We show that both UTP and GlcN 6-P are inhibitors of the yeast UDPG pyrophosphorylase and therefore their concentrations must be regulated to obtain maximum yields of UDP-GlcN. The UDP-GlcN produced can be N-acetylated with [14C]acetic anhydride to produce UDP-[14C]GlcNAc. This method can also be used to synthesize [32P]UDP-GlcN and [32P]UDP-GlcNAc from [alpha-32P]UTP and GlcN 1-P.
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PMID:Enzymatic synthesis of UDP-GlcN by a two step hollow fiber enzyme reactor system. 214 85

Stool samples containing Entamoeba histolytica were obtained from two sources: an urban hospital and an urban slum. Using the enzyme patterns of three enzymes (E.C.2.7.1.1 hexokinase, E.C.5.3.1.9 glucose phosphate isomerase and E.C.2.7.5.1 phosphoglucomutase) stained after cellulose acetate electrophoresis, four zymodemes (I, II, XIV and XVI) were identified in 71 isolates. Zymodemes considered to be pathogenic (II and XIV) were identified from 31 of 34 isolates from the urban hospital, and these zymodemes were strongly associated with dysentery and trophozoites containing ingested red blood corpuscles. Blood visible to the naked eye was more commonly seen in stools from which zymodeme XIV was isolated than in those containing zymodeme II (P less than 0.001). Zymodemes considered to be non-pathogenic (I and XVI) were identified in 34 of 37 isolates from slum dwellers and were not associated with blood in the stools.
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PMID:Zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 215 Jan 65


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