Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several glycolytic enzymes were observed to have between 40-90% of their activities associated with the particulate fractions of lysed nerve endings. The enzymes showing high particulate activity in lysed nerve endings were hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.27). With the exception of phosphofructokinase, 80% or more of the particle associated activity of each enzyme was solubilized by salt treatment indicating the association with particles was ionic. Sub-fractionation of lysed nerve endings showed hexokinase and fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2) had the highest specific activity in the same fractions which is consistent with observations indicating that hexokinase is associated with mitochondria. The other glycolytic zymes having high particulate activity, aldolase, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, showed enrichment in fractions containing synaptosomal membranes, i.e. the fractions having highest specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3).
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PMID:Association of glycolytic enzymes with particulate fractions from nerve endings. 62 35

The ratios of some key enzymatic activities of carbohydrate metabolism have been measured in human tumor cytosols. The activities of whole hexokinase (low Km, EC 2.7.1.1 and high Km, EC 2.7.1.2), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) change according to a biochemical pattern coherent with cell growth requirements. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity was in each sample tested higher than glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; this indicates that 6-phosphogluconate, a powerful inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, is unlikely to accumulate and inhibit this enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate channelling into glycolysis.
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PMID:6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and hexokinase activity ratios in some human tumor cytosols. 74 21

A long-term administration of retinol in a dose exceeding 15-fold the diurnal requirement to rats weighing 170-200 g provoked a diminution of the erythrocytes resistance to an acid hemolytic, an intensified uptake of glucose, and increased activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, aldolase, phosphohexoisomerase), accumulation of lactate, along with changes in the redox enzymes activity, suppression of the catalase and intensification of peroxidase activity. The content of microergic nucleotides and electrolites (Na+ and K+) remained unchanged.
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PMID:[Effect of long-term vitamin A administration on the acid fastness and biochemical properties of erythrocytes]. 96 79

In extracts of rabbit bone marrow cells was studied effect of erythropoietine on the activity of some enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphohexoisomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-reductase). The NADP-reductase activity was increased under the effect of erythropoietine; the activities of other enzymes studied was not altered.
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PMID:[Study of the mechanism of erythropoietin effect on energy metabolism in the bone marrow]. 103 Aug 78

1. The effects of protein concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption of the individual glycolytic enzymes to F-actin and F-actin--trypomyosin--troponin have been studied. 2. Appreciable association was demonstrated under conditions of physiological ionic strength and high protein concentration, and tropomyosin--troponin established as an important and generalized component of these interactions. 3. Phosphofructokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase were strongly bound under these conditions, while triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and hexokinase displayed less adsorption to the structural proteins. 4. The influence of a number of parameters on the adsorption phenomena was examined. Ca2+ and fructose 1,6-diphosphate increased the adsorption of aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, while decreasing the adsorption of the enzymes of the constant-proportion group. 5. Of the other major enzymic components of skeletal muscle, creatine kinase, adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase showed no adsorption to F-actin--tropomyosin--troponin under the experimental conditions. Some adsorption was evident, however, in the case of aspartate aminotransferase, (NADP) isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase. 6. These results have been discussed in relation to their functional significance and the roles of enzyme compartmentation in the cell.
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PMID:On the association of glycolytic enzymes with structural proteins of skeletal muscle. 111 88

In this study we compare the specific activities and isoenzyme patterns of five enzymes--phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--in term placenta with the analogous enzymes in a clone of choriocarcinoma cells grown in culture. Phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and lactate dehydrogenase specific activities of the choriocarcinoma did not differ by more than two or three times from the mean activities of the comparable enzymes in placenta; the specific activity of hexokinase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to 14 per cent of the mean value for placenta. In contrast, the mean specific activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to only 1 per cent of the mean value for placenta. By growing the cells in 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 20 mug per milliliter, we were able to increase alkaline phosphatase activity to 68 per cent of the mean value for placenta. For both extracts, phosphoglucose isomerase zymograms were similar and phosphoglucomutase zymograms were similar. The hexokinase zymogram of term placenta showed two isoenzymes which stained more intensely with 0.5 mM. glucose than with 0.1M glucose. A hexokinase isoenzyme was observed in zymograms of both extracts which stained more intensely with 0.1M glucose than with 0.5 mM glucose. Lactate dehydrogenase exhibited an extra isoenzyme in the choriocarcinoma extract. When the cells were cultivated in medium containing 5 mug per milliliter of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the induced phosphatase in the cell line was electrophoretically similar to placental phosphatase. At higher concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the most anodal isoenzyme was 0.5 cm. slower in mobility than the comparable placental isoenzyme.
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PMID:Enzymes of normal and malignant trophoblast: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. 111 69

The erythrocytes of 350 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were examined for electrophoretic variation of hemoglobin and 26 enzymes. Seven enzymes showed variation in more than 1% of individuals: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase-1, soluble NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase, peptidase A, peptidase C, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, and acid phosphatase. Variation with lesser frequency was found in soluble glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin. Only eight samples were tested for esterase D, and one of these had a variant phenotype. Enzymes with no clear variation were adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase), phosphoglucomutase-3, and superoxide dismutase. There was father-to-son transmission of PGI, PGM-1, peptidase C, 6PGD, 2,3-DPGAM, NADP-ICD, and acid phosphatase variants, suggesting that these loci are autosomal as in man.
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PMID:Intraspecific red cell enzyme variation in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). 114 87

The dynamics of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the postnatal period, determined from the accumulation of lactate in the homogenate of the heart muscle, indicates that the glycolytic activity begins to subside right after the birth and becomes constant after a lapse of 15-20 days. The activity of the phosphorylase, phosphohexoisomerase, enolase and pyruvate-kinase in the heart muscle extract was found to remain virtually unchanged. Some decline is noted in the activity of the aldolase and hexokinase, while that of the phosphofructokinase and lactate-dehydrogenase rises by 50-60 per cent. These data suggest that in the early ontogenesis the increasing capacity of the mitochondrial system in the heart muscle is paralled by an adjustable conditioned inhibition of the glycolytic phosphorylation, with concurrently rising activity of the phosphofructokinas and, consequently, also of the potential capacity of glycolysis and glycogenolysis.
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PMID:[Dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in the heart muscle in early ontogenesis]. 116 19

Selected enzymes of energy metabolism were measured in random individual fibers of soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from rats exposed for 2 wk to spaceflight (F) aboard COSMOS 2044 or tail suspension (T) and from synchronous controls. Average size of soleus fibers (dry weight per unit length) was reduced 37% in F and T fibers; there was little change in TA fibers. Enzyme changes were more pronounced in soleus than in TA fibers. Three enzymes characteristic of fast-twitch muscles, pyruvate kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 1-phosphofructokinase, were elevated in F and T soleus fibers, but changes in phosphofructokinase were not statistically significant. 3-Ketoacid-CoA transferase, characteristic of slow-twitch muscles, did not change significantly in either F or T fibers. Hexokinase, usually moderately higher in slow- than in fast-twitch muscles, increased markedly in both F and T fibers. In TA fibers analyzed for hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphohexoisomerase, and pyruvate kinase, only hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase showed significant changes. Hexokinase increased 83% in one of two T muscles. Enzyme data for TA fibers typed by myosin adenosinetriphosphatase were more informative: phosphofructokinase, phosphorylase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were increased in type IIb fibers of either F or T muscles or both. Malate dehydrogenase was not changed in fibers of any type in either F or T muscle.
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PMID:Effects of microgravity and tail suspension on enzymes of individual soleus and tibialis anterior fibers. 138 50

Three T. vaginalis isolates from Egypt were compared for their isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns on cellulose acetate. The enzymes studied were: glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PD); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); malic enzyme (ME); hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The three isolates shared the same isoenzyme banding patterns of MDH; GPI; HK and LDH. Two of these isolates were similar in their banding patterns of G6PD, PGM and different from those of the third isolate. The latter was similar to one of the two isolates and different from the other in the ME isoenzyme patterns.
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PMID:Characterization of Egyptian isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis I. Isoenzyme patterns. 143 Dec 86


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