Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The age changes of enzymes of activity catalyzing several links of energy metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c-oxidase) and antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) in bone marrow myeloid cells and blood leukocytes of pig in the 10-day period after birth were investigated. The bone marrow cells and leukocytes of the new born piglets were characterized by low intensity of oxidative steps of energy metabolism as well as by low activity of antioxidant enzymes. In the period of neonatal adaptation reorganization of energy metabolism, particularly, intensification of oxidative processes in the investigated cells occurred. It included the pentose phosphate way and cytochrome c-oxidase activation. During the neonatal period of development the functional activity of antioxidant enzymes in the investigated cells of piglets increased.
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PMID:[Characteristics of some stages of energy metabolism and antioxidant system in bone marrow myeloid cells and leukocytes from piglets]. 1060 22

The influence of thyroxine on activity of enzymes of energy metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, laktate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c oxidase) and antioxidative system (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase) of neonatal piglet neutrophils was investigated. It has been found, that after durable injections of hormone (4 mg/kg body weight) the increase of glycolytic enzymes activities as well as aerobic energy pathway catalyzers took place. Simultaneously the augmentation of superoxide dismutase reaction occurred after the thyroxine treatment. Such effect might represent an important link in compensatory mechanism, which prevents the destructive action of reactive oxygen species.
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PMID:[The effect of thyroxine on the enzymatic activity of the energy metabolism and antioxidant system in the neutrophilic granulocytes of piglets]. 1105 92

The major goal of this study was to examine the ability of several antioxidants namely, vitamin E, beta-carotene and N-acetylcysteine, to protect the brain from oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). LPS, a component of the bacterial wall of gram-negative bacteria, has been recognized as one of the most potent bacterial products in the induction of host inflammatory responses and tissue injury and was used in this study to mimic infections. LPS injection resulted in a significant increase in the stress indices, plasma corticosterone and glucose concentration, a significant alteration of the brain oxidative status observed as elevation of the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation) and reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH), and a disturbance in the brain energy metabolism presented as a reduction in the ATP/ADP ratio and an increase in the mitochondrial/cytosolic hexokinase ratio. However, the activities of brain superoxide dismutase and Na+, K+-ATPase and contents of cholesterol and phospholipids were not altered. Administration of the aforementioned antioxidants prior to LPS injection ameliorated the oxidative stress by reducing levels of MDA, restoring GSH content and normalizing the mitochondrial/cytosolic hexokinase ratio in the brain in addition to lowering levels of plasma corticosterone and glucose. In conclusion, this study showed the increased free radical generation during infections and LPS-induced stress. It also suggests that brain oxidative status and energy is disturbed.
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PMID:Protective effect of vitamin E, beta-carotene and N-acetylcysteine from the brain oxidative stress induced in rats by lipopolysaccharide. 1133 Dec 2

The present study examines the effects of a hypercaloric diet on hepatic glucose metabolism of young rats, with and without monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration, and the association of these treatments with evaluating markers of oxidative stress. Male weaned Wistar rats (21 days old) from mothers fed with a hypercaloric diet or a normal diet, were divided into four groups (n=6): control (C) fed with control diet; (MSG) treated with MSG (4 mg/g) and control diet; (HD) fed with hypercaloric diet and (MSG-HD) treated with MSG and HD. Rats were sacrificed after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), at 45 days of treatments. Serum was used for insulin determination. Glycogen, hexokinase(HK), glucose-6-phosphatase(G6PH), lipid hydroperoxide, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were determined in liver. HD rats showed hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high hepatic glycogen, HK and decreased G6PH. MSG and MSG-HD had hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, decreased HK and increased G6PH in hepatic tissue. These animals had impaired OGTT. HD, MSG and MSG-HD groups had increased lipid hydroperoxide and decreased SOD in hepatic tissue. Hypercaloric diet and monosodium glutamate administration induced alterations in metabolic rate of glucose utilization and decreased antioxidant defenses. Therefore, the hepatic glucose metabolic shifting induced by HD intake and MSG administration were associated with oxidative stress in hepatic tissue.
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PMID:Toxicity of hypercaloric diet and monosodium glutamate: oxidative stress and metabolic shifting in hepatic tissue. 1466 76

We previously demonstrated a high susceptibility of neonatal red blood cells (RBC) to oxidative stress at birth. The aim of this study was to compare the RBC antioxidant capacity and redox cycle enzyme activities as well as glutathione (GSH) recycling in full-term and preterm infants at birth and in normal adults. GSH and GSH disulfide (GSSG) concentrations, GSH/GSSG ratio, and the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hexokinase (HK) were measured in RBC of 25 healthy adults and 56 newborns (23 term, 33 preterm) at birth. The GSH recycling was measured in adult and newborn RBC exposed to oxidative stress (1 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide). The RBC of term and preterm babies showed higher GSH, GSSG, G-6-PDH, GR, and HK levels/activities and lower GSH/GSSG ratios and higher GSH-recycling rates than those of adults. In preterm babies significant correlations were found between G-6-PDH and CAT, GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, and GSSG (r = -0.67, r = 0.71, r = -0.66, p < 0.01; r = 0.71, p < 0.05, respectively). In term newborns, statistically significant correlations were observed between G-6-PDH and CAT, SOD, and GSH (r = -0.65, r = -0.65, r = -0.69, p < 0.01, respectively). The results indicate the central role of the G-6-PDH activity in antioxidant defenses. We speculate that preterm babies have prompter involvement of antioxidant defenses than term babies.
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PMID:Glutathione recycling and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes of term and preterm newborns at birth. 1470 31

Seasonal collections of the subtidal horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus, from a depth of 10 m were made at the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire to assess changes in overall energetic demand, measured as respiration, the maximal activities of rate-limiting enzymes of intermediate metabolism, level of oxidative stress, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Weighted respiration rates of mussels from winter collections were significantly lower than summer rates but decreased by less than 20%. Specific activities of several rate-limiting enzymes were measured in mussels from the summer and winter collections at the temperature of collection and the reciprocal seasonal temperature (15 and 5 degrees C). Comparisons of these enzyme activities and the protein concentrations of hexokinase and citrate synthase show that a quantitative strategy is used to acclimatize to winter temperatures by these rate-limiting enzymes of intermediate metabolism. The activities and protein concentrations of the antioxidant enzyme, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is seasonally indistinguishable while the concentration of HSP 70 was greater in winter than in summer samples. These results show that mussels seasonally compensate for decreases in temperature by increasing the concentration of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes while maintaining the same level of antioxidant protection in summer and winter consistent with high aerobic metabolism in both winter and summer. Lastly, the significantly greater concentrations of HSP70 in winter samples suggests that protein chaperone functions must be maintained while other seasonal adjustments to cold temperatures are occurring.
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PMID:Seasonal temperature compensation in the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus: metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress and heat shock proteins. 1512 87

The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of an aqueous Enicostemma littorale whole plant extract on some key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defence in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Rats were rendered diabetic by alloxan (150 mgkg(-1) body weight) administration. Oral administration of E. littorale extract for 45 days increased the activity of hexokinase and decreased the activities of glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase significantly in the serum, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The extract lowered the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides significantly in brain and increased it significantly in heart in diabetic rats. E. littorale administration increased the concentration of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased significantly by E. littorale treatment in diabetic rats. The effect of a 2 g kg(-1) dose was greater than that of a 1 gkg(-1) dose. Insulin (6 units kg(-1)) normalized all the parameters in diabetic rats. Our study has provided evidence for the antidiabetic activity of E. littorale aqueous extract. This study can also be extrapolated to clinical studies in future.
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PMID:Effect of aqueous Enicostemma littorale Blume extract on key carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, lipid peroxides and antioxidants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 1583 Dec 11

The schistosomicidal properties of Nigella sativa seeds were tested in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, cercariae, and adult worms. Results indicate its strong biocidal effects against all stages of the parasite and also showed an inhibitory effect on egg-laying of adult female worms. In the present work we also studied the effects of crushed seeds on some antioxidant enzymes; which have a role in protection of adult worms against host oxidant killing; as well as some enzymes of glucose metabolism; which have a crucial role in the survival of adult worms inside their hosts. The data revealed that the used drug induce an oxidative stress against adult worms which indicated by a decrease in the activities of both antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and enzymes of glucose metabolism, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Disturbing of such enzymes of adult worms using N. sativa seeds could in turn render the parasite vulnerable to damage by the host and may play a role in the antischistosomal potency of the used drug.
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PMID:Sativa seeds against Schistosoma mansoni different stages. 1602 10

Alcoholic extract of the stems of Coscinium fenestratum, a medicinal plant indigenous to India and Sri Lanka used in ayurveda and siddha medicine for treating diabetes, was studied for its carbohydrate metabolism effect and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Oral administration of C. fenestratum stem extract in graded doses caused a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione synthetase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase and in the nonenzymatic antioxidants ascorbic acid, ceruloplasmin and tocopherol. Effects of alcoholic extract on glycolytic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase showed a significant increase in their levels, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the levels of gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in treated diabetic rats. Serum creatinine and urea levels also declined significantly. This investigation demonstrates significant antidiabetic activity of C. fenestratum.
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PMID:Alcoholic stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum regulates carbohydrate metabolism and improves antioxidant status in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. 1613 16

Plasmids in Rhizobium spp. are relatively large, numerous, and difficult to cure. Except for the symbiotic plasmid, little is known about their functions. The primary objective of our investigation was to obtain plasmid-cured derivatives of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii by using a direct selection system and to determine changes in the phenotype of the cured strains. Three strains of rhizobia were utilized that contained three, four, and five plasmids. Phenotypic effects observed after curing of plasmids indicated that the plasmids were involved in the utilization of adonitol, arabinose, catechol, glycerol, inositol, lactose, malate, rhamnose, and sorbitol and also influenced motility, lipopolysaccharide production, and utilization of nitrate. Specific staining of 26 enzymes electrophoretically separated on starch gels indicated that superoxide dismutase, hexokinase, and carbamate kinase activities were affected by curing of plasmids. Curing of cryptic plasmids also influenced nodulation and growth of plants on nitrogen-deficient media. The alteration in the ability to utilize various substrates after curing of plasmids suggests that the plasmids may encode genes that contribute significantly to the saprophytic competence of rhizobia in soil.
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PMID:Utilization of carbon substrates, electrophoretic enzyme patterns, and symbiotic performance of plasmid-cured clover rhizobia. 1634 39


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