Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An ultramicrochemical technique has been adapted to the evolution of enzyme profiles within individual human mammary tumors. Tandem observation of adjacent stained and lyophilized sections permitted dissection of microgram quantities of freeze-dried material within confirmed regions of malignancy. Enzymes frequently monitored to examine glycolytic, respiratory, and metastatic capacity were microanalyzed successfully: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GOPDH), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PRK). All enzyme activities were higher in infiltrating ductal carcinomas than in fibroadenomas. Extracts of tumor cells mixed in varying proportions with brain or muscle extracts of rat evidenced no modification of expected activity. The technical adaptation described provided a sensitive methodology to resolve problems of relication, profile analysis, sample quantity, and selectivity within heterogeneous tissues.
...
PMID:Application of a microchemical technique to the elucidation of enzyme activity profiles within single human mammary tumors. 20 41

1. The changes with the time of the activities of some energy-supplying enzymes and of the hydrolytic enzyme, acid phosphatase, were studied over 2 weeks of complete ischaemia, produced in the rat soleus muscle by section of the abdominal aorta and terminal devascularization, leaving nerve and tendon intact. 2. Activities of glycolytic enzymes, oxidative enzymes, hexokinase and acid phosphatase are affected in a different manner. Activities of the glycolytic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, are lowest on the 1st day and increase thereafter. The first two reach the control values again on the 4th and 14th day, respectively, while glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase reaches about 50% of the control value on the 14th day. The maximum decrease in activity of the oxidative enzymes, citrate synthase, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase occurs later (4th day); thereafter their activity returns slowly to control values, but does not reach them even on the 14th day. Hexokinase activity is slightly decreased on the 1st day; then it increased and reached on the 7th day twice the control value. Thus on the 1st day the activity of the enzymes of aerobic metabolism prevail, and on the 4th day those of anaerobic carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism; the recovery of enzyme activity of aerobic oxidation occurs later. 3. Acid phosphatase activity increased from the 2nd day onwards, reaching up to 3 times the control value on the 4th day and still twice that value on the 14th day. This agrees well with the histochemical picture of acid phosphatase. 4. Histochemical changes of alkaline phosphatase activity reveal destruction of capillary endothelial cells during the first few days after operation and their later proliferation from the periphery, correlating with the loss and recovery of oxidative enzyme activity.
...
PMID:Effects of ischaemia on enzyme-activities in the soleus muscle of the rat. 57 Nov 16

In this communication the results of applying various histochemical semipermeable membrane techniques to the localization of several enzymes in bovine and porcine heart are presented. The Purkinje fibers of the atrioventricular conducting system of the bovine heart differ from the myocardium proper in containing a greater activity of the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic enzymes--lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, glucosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase, and less activity of the aerobic enzymes--NADH: nitroBT oxidoreductase and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+). The metabolic reactions obtained with Purkinje fibers of the porcine heart are less pronounced. These histochemical findings are in accordance with the impression that Purkinje fibers, compared with the common myocardial fibers, have a higher rate of anaerobic metabolism and a lower rate of aerobic metabolism. The activity of the NADPH regenerating enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), and the activity of acid hydrolases such as non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase is higher in the Purkinje fibers of both the bovine and porcine heart.
...
PMID:Enzyme histochemical studies on the Purkinje fibers of the atrioventricular system of the bovine and porcine hearts. 66 82

The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a rapid inhibitor of RNA synthesis, was followed on the activity of a number of enzymes in cultures of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Two types of effect were found. In the first the activity continued to rise for a period and then remained constant. This occurred with alkaline phosphatase, basal and derepressed acid phosphatase, hexokinase, and derepressed sucrase and maltase at low cell density. It is consistent with control being exercised by an unstable mRNA or by an unstable stimulator of translocation. In the second the activity increased above the control values for several hours. This occurred with basal sucrase and maltase, and suggests a stable mRNA and an unstable inhibitor of translation. The extent of 'superproduction' of sucrase varied with cell density and with growth medium and this may be due to differences in the degree of translational inhibition. The possiblilty of a stable mRNA has interesting implications for the control of enzyme synthesis through the cell cycle.
...
PMID:The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on enzyme synthesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 81 99

The erythrocytes of 350 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were examined for electrophoretic variation of hemoglobin and 26 enzymes. Seven enzymes showed variation in more than 1% of individuals: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase-1, soluble NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase, peptidase A, peptidase C, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, and acid phosphatase. Variation with lesser frequency was found in soluble glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin. Only eight samples were tested for esterase D, and one of these had a variant phenotype. Enzymes with no clear variation were adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase), phosphoglucomutase-3, and superoxide dismutase. There was father-to-son transmission of PGI, PGM-1, peptidase C, 6PGD, 2,3-DPGAM, NADP-ICD, and acid phosphatase variants, suggesting that these loci are autosomal as in man.
...
PMID:Intraspecific red cell enzyme variation in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). 114 87

The contents of collagen, hexosamine, phospholipids, and cholesterol and the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, glutamic oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transminase, aldolase, hexokinase, and lactic dehydrogenase were determined in the lungs of rats 150 days after the intratracheal injection of amosite, anthophyllite, and chyrsotile. Anthophyllite did not cause any significant change, while amosite and chrysotile caused significant increases in the contents of collagen and mucopolysaccharides. Lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were increased by all the dusts, while the othe enzymes were not seriously affected. The biochemical significance of the findings in relation to abestosis was discussed.
...
PMID:Biochemical changes caused by asbestos dust in the lungs of rats. 123 58

The activity of 19 enzymes (hexokinase, glucoso-6-phosphatisomerase, alpha-glycerophosphate-, lactate-, succinate-, isocitrate-, malate-, glucoso-6-phosphate-, 6-phosphogluconate-, glutamate-, alcohol-, inosine-5'-phosphate-, guanosine-5'-monophosphate-dehydrogenase, cytochromoxidase NAD.N2- and NADP.N2-diaphorase, monoaminoxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) was studied comparatively in the mucosa of control rats and in tumors of the small intestine (27), and large intestine (176), induced in 41 rats percutaneously by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. A decreased level of the enzymes of tissue respiration and Krebs cycle was found with a simultaneous increase in the activity of the enzymes of glycolysis and pentoso-monophosphate shunt. These data evidence variations in tumor metabolism consisting in oxidizing phosphorylation, being replaced by aerobic glycosis, and also reflecting an intensive proliferation of tumor cells.
...
PMID:[An enzymohistochemical study of experimental tumors of the intestine]. 123 60

Ragweed pollen contains 11 esterase, 5 acid phosphatase, 2 alkaline phosphatose, 2 hexokinase, 2 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes and one leucine amino peptidase band which can be separated by starch gel electrophoresis. The isozymes were distinguished from one another by their electrophoretic mobility, heat inactivation temperatures and antigenic differences.
...
PMID:Characterization of some of the enzymes in ragweed pollen. 127 28

Renal clear cell tubules and clear/acidophilic cell tumors were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 7 weeks oral administration (stop model) of N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) at a concentration of 12 mg/100 ml in the drinking water. Twelve, 23 and 34 weeks after withdrawal of NNM serial cryostat sections of the kidneys were histochemically analyzed for the following parameters: glucose transporter proteins (GLUT1, GLUT2), glycogen content and the activities of glycogen synthase (SYN), glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase (HK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Clear cell (glycogenotic) tubules first appeared at 23 weeks, and clear/acidophilic cell tumors at 34 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen. G6Pase, ALP, GGT and GLUT2 were absent in clear cell tubules, clear/acidophilic cell tubules, and clear/acidophilic cell tumors indicating a sequential origin of all these types of lesions from the collecting duct system, in line with previous morphological findings. In comparison to the collecting duct epithelium, glycogenotic tubules demonstrated an increased activity of PHO and reduced activities of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, which were accompanied by a strongly reduced expression of GLUT1. Moderately increased activities of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes were observed in the clear cells of clear/acidophilic cell tubules and tumors compared with those in glycogenotic tubules. They had slightly increased activities of the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and PK compared with normal collecting duct epithelium, while most of them were nearly lacking in GLUT1. Our findings suggest that glycogen storage is not due to an increased uptake of glucose from the blood, but results from a disturbance in intracellular flux of metabolites. The development of clear cell tubules from the normal collecting duct epithelium is accompanied by a markedly decreased expression of GLUT1 along with a reduction in glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes. This reduction of enzyme activities is replaced by an increase in enzyme activities in clear/acidophilic cell tumors indicating a fundamental shift in carbohydrate metabolism during progression from preneoplastic to neoplastic lesions.
...
PMID:Sequential changes in glycogen content, expression of glucose transporters and enzymic patterns during development of clear/acidophilic cell tumors in rat kidney. 147 41

S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS), a sulphur containing amino acid of garlic which is the precursor of allicin and garlic oil, has been found to show significant antidiabetic effects in alloxan diabetic rats. Administration of it at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight decreased significantly the concentration of serum lipids, blood glucose and activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and liver glucose-6-phosphatase. It increased significantly liver and intestinal HMG CoA reductase activity and liver hexokinase activity.
...
PMID:Antidiabetic effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum Linn. 150 36


1 2 3 4 Next >>

---