Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By addition of enzyme the control intensity was determined on the pacemaker enzymes hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, as well as on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and the pyruvate kinase with a control intensity of almost 0 in ultrasonic hemolysates from erythrocyte concentrate. This hemolysate approximately reflects the conditions existing in the intact cell with regard to glycolytic rate, ATP supply, and metabolite concentration. It is therefore suitable as a cell model, excluding the membrane, for studying inner control factors. For HK, PFK, GAPD, and PK predictions based on the linear glycolytic model about the significance of these enzymes for the regulation of the glycolytic rate could be confirmed.
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PMID:[Control intensity of glycolytic enzymes in ultrasonic hemolysates of erythrocytes]. 13 59

Effects of prolactin (PRL), bromocriptine (Br), testosterone propionate (TP), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the combinations of these androgens with PRL/Br on the specific activities of caudal and cranial prostatic cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in castrated mature bonnet monkeys have been studied. Castration decreased all the enzymes studied such as hexokinase (HK), 6-phosphofructokinase (6-PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PD), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) in the cranial and caudal prostates. PRL elevated the activities of all the enzymes above normal except G-3-PD of cranial lobe. In the caudal lobe, PRL brought back the activities of HK, PFK, PK, G-6-PD to normal and 6-PGD above normal except G-3-PD. TP/DHT treatment increased all the enzymes in both the lobes. PRL given along with TP/DHT further enhanced the androgen action with regard to HK, PK, G-6-PD and 6-PGD of cranial and PFK, G-3-PD, PK, G-6-PD and 6-PGD of caudal lobe. Br treatment did not produce any alteration of these enzymes in both the lobes. In the cranial lobe, during Br+TP/DHT treatment, the stimulating effects of androgen were unaffected on all the enzymes except PK. On the other hand in the caudal, the stimulatory effects of androgens were affected and the activities of HK, PFK, PK and 6-PGD were significantly decreased. The present results suggest that PRL has a direct as well as a synergistic action with androgens on enzymes of EMP and HMP shunt in the prostates of monkeys.
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PMID:Effects of prolactin and androgens on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in prostate of castrated bonnet monkeys Macaca radiata (Geoffroy). 138 11

The effect of estradiol-17 beta on the activities of glycolytic enzymes from female rat brain was studied. The following enzymes were examined: hexokinase (HK, EC 2.7.1.1), phosphofructokinase (PFK, EC 2.7.1.11), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3), phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 2.7.5.3), enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) and pyruvate kinase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40). The activities of HK (soluble and membrane-bound), PFK and PK were increased after 4 h of hormone treatment, while the others remained constant. The changes in activity were not seen in the presence of actinomycin D. The significant rise of the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes was also observed in the cell culture of mouse neuroblastoma C1300 treated with hormone. Only three of the studied isozymes, namely, HKII, B4 and K4 were found to be estradiol-sensitive for HK, PFK and PK, respectively. The results obtained suggest that rat brain glycolysis regulation by estradiol is carried out in neurons due to definite isozymes induction.
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PMID:Rat brain glycolysis regulation by estradiol-17 beta. 153 2

The effect of epinephrine (E) infusion on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in humans has been studied. Eight glucose-tolerant men were studied on two separate occasions: 1) during 120 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (UH, approximately 5 mM; 40 mU.m-2.min-1); and 2) during UH while E was infused (UHE, 0.05 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Biopsies were taken from the quadriceps femoris muscle before and after each clamp. Glucose disposal, correcting for endogenous glucose production, was 36 +/- 3 and 18 +/- 2 (SE) mumol.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1 during the last 40 min of UH and UHE, respectively (P less than 0.001). Nonoxidative glucose disposal (presumably glycogenesis) averaged 23.0 +/- 3.0 and 4.0 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.001), whereas carbohydrate oxidation (which is proportional to glycolysis) averaged 13.1 +/- 1.4 and 15.3 +/- 1.1 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) during UH and UHE, respectively. UHE resulted in significantly higher contents of UDP-glucose, hexose monophosphates, postphosphofructokinase intermediates, and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G-1,6-P2) in muscle (P less than 0.05-0.001), but there were no significant differences in high-energy phosphates or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P2) between treatments. Fractional activities of phosphorylase increased (P less than 0.01), and glycogen synthase decreased (P less than 0.001) during UHE. It is concluded that E inhibits insulin-mediated glycogenesis because of an inactivation of glycogen synthase and an activation of glycogenolysis. E also appears to inhibit insulin-mediated glucose utilization, at least partly, because of an increase in G-6-phosphate (which inhibits hexokinase) and enhances glycolysis by G-1,6-P2-, fructose 6-phosphate-, and F-1,6-P2-mediated activation of PFK.
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PMID:Epinephrine inhibits insulin-mediated glycogenesis but enhances glycolysis in human skeletal muscle. 190 Jun 69

Energy metabolism of malaria parasites was investigated in P. berghei infected red blood cells of rat. Although Plasmodia contain mitochondria most of their ATP is formed by glycolysis. Lactate formation is two orders of magnitude higher than in noninfected erythrocytes. The coupling of respiration and glycolysis is very loose, a Pasteur-effect was not found. The key enzymes of glycolysis hexokinase and phosphofructokinase have been partially purified and kinetically characterized. The kinetic properties of both enzymes significantly differ from those of erythrocytes. They are less efficiently inhibited and PFK is activated only by PEP, Fru6P and Pi. The high rate of glycolytic proton formation in Plasmodia inhibits the PFK and thus the anaerobic energy metabolism of the host cell but not that of the parasite. Nevertheless the ATP concentrations in the host and the parasite compartment were found to be nearly identical. This supports the assumption that the parasites make ATP available to their host cell, probably by an adenine nucleotide translocator.
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PMID:Regulation of the energy metabolism of Plasmodium berghei. 214 51

We have studied the effect of T3 administration (50 micrograms/Kg/day) on the phenotype expression of several glucose-metabolizing enzymes (hexokinase, HK, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6P-DH, aldolase, ALD, phosphofructokinase, PFK, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) in the different myocardial layers of the left ventricle wall. In the control rats, most of these enzyme activities are uniformly distributed across the left ventricle wall, G6P-DH being the only exception. In the rats given T3 for 14 days, the mean levels of PFK, HK and ALD activities increased significantly. With regard to the transmural distribution patterns, that of PFK was unchanged, unlike those of HK and ALD which exhibited their maximum increase in activity in the midmyocardium or in the mid- and subepicardial myocardium. With LDH, a significant increase in activity was found in the subepicardial layers which escaped detection on the whole homogenate. It is concluded that the administration of thyroid hormone has different effects on enzyme phenotype expression of cardiomyocytes in different regions of the cardiac wall.
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PMID:Regional differences in the response of cardiac cells to triiodothyronine administration across the left ventricle free wall of rat heart. 231 6

The glycolytic metabolism through the key enzymes, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, have been studied in the brain areas: anterior cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, septum and hippocampus in adult rats with pharmacologically induced hyperthyroidism. The oxidative metabolism of glucose is accelerated in most brain areas by treatment with high doses of T3, as is shown by the increase in HK activity, approaching normality on reducing the dose. This decrease can also by observed in the PFK activity through the effect of assayed doses of thyroxine. The anterior cortex is the only brain area that does not show significant variations of PK activity through the effects of treatment with thyroid hormones. On the other hand, a general inhibition of the glycolytic anaerobic pathway by treatment with T3 was observed.
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PMID:Effect of thyroid hormones on the glycolytic enzyme activity in brain areas of the rat. 293 91

In this study we investigated the variations of the maximal activities of the rate-controlling glycolytic enzymes (i.e., hexokinase, HK; phosphofructokinase, PFK; pyruvate kinase, PK) and of the pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) during the early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis (from cleavage through hatching). All the enzymatic assays, using different coupled reactions, were performed spectrophotometrically on cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. The maximal HK activity increases markedly from neurulation onwards, PFK activity presents a peak around gastrulation, PK activity remains relatively constant throughout the period studied and the highest PDHc activity is observed during cleavage. The specific activities display the same temporal pattern. Furthermore, in the sequence of reactions by which glucose is degraded to form acetyl-CoA, the maximal activities of PFK and PK are not limiting while those of HK and PDHc could be rate-limiting at relatively late developmental stages (hatching).
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PMID:Changes in activity of the regulatory glycolytic enzymes and of the pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex during the development of Xenopus laevis. 293 70

The age-related changes in the activities of five glucose-metabolizing enzymes (hexokinase, HK; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6P-DH; aldolase, ALD; phosphofructokinase, PFK; and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) were investigated in the walls of left and right ventricles of rats of various age-groups (1-24 months). Age-related changes were found in the activities of all of the enzymes in both ventricles during growth (with significant decreases between 2 and 6 months of age) and in the levels of PFK and LDH in the left ventricle during ageing (with a significant increase between 12 and 24 months of age). The distribution of the enzyme activities across the wall of both ventricles was quite uniform in young, adult and mature rats (the distribution of G6P-DH activity in the left ventricle wall at 2 months of age was the only notable exception) but became non-uniform in the old rats with regard to G6P-DH, PFK, LDH and probably HK in the left ventricle and G6P-DH and HK in the right ventricle. These data support the hypothesis that alterations connected with ageing do not lead to a generalized decline of cardiac metabolic capacity, and that they are also the result of specific adaptive modifications, perhaps related to alteration in the distribution of the work load and/or of nutrition across the ventricular wall.
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PMID:Changes in the transmural distribution of glucose-metabolizing enzymes across the left and right ventricular wall of rat heart during growth and ageing. 296 12

Eight enzymes, e.g. lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, fructose-diphosphate aldolase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were estimated quantitatively in the rat lens from 37 to 1,211 days of age, by spectrophotometric methods. The activity was expressed as mU/g LWW. All enzymes measured showed declining activities, but LDH, ALD, SDH, G-6-PDH, HK and PFK gave a significant decrease during ageing when plotted semi-logarithmically from 37 to 1,211 days. SDH and G-6-PDH showed a statistically significant difference between the enzymes from the male and the female lenses. The female lens always had a lower activity than the male lens. Of all enzymes the specific activity, expressed as mU/l mg protein, was calculated. This specific activity appeared to be rather constant during ageing, except for ALD. In the female lenses, the specific activity of 7 enzymes was lower than in the male lenses. For ALD the specific activity decreased significantly in the male lens from 5.32 at 37 days to 0.88 at 1,211 days. In the female lens this significant decrease was from 4.97 to 0.81.
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PMID:The quantification of eight enzymes from the ageing rat lens, with respect to sex differences and special reference to aldolase. 340 13


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