Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of groundnut oil on blood glucose, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was investigated and compared with diabetic and drug-treated rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b-wt). Normal and diabetic rats were fed an oil-free diet containing 2 percent oil supplemented with groundnut oil (6g per 94 g diet), to give 8 percent oil content, for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides (HP) and decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hb), vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and a decrease in hexokinase activity also were observed in the liver and kidney. When diabetic rats were fed groundnut oil, a significant reduction in glucose (244.04 +/- 11.66), HbA(1c), TBARS, HP levels, and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in Hb, vitamin E, GSH levels, and hexokinase activity were observed. Diabetic rats had elevated total cholesterol (TC), VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic rats fed groundnut oil showed a small but significant reduction in TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and TG and an elevation in HDL-C. Groundnut oil consumption slightly but significantly decreases the blood glucose, HbA(1c), lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile and increases antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.
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PMID:Effect of dietary substitution of groundnut oil on blood glucose, lipid profile, and redox status in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 1787 71

The modulation of glucose-metabolizing enzymes activities play a vital role in the depletion of energy metabolism and leads to inhibition of cancer growth. In the present study, the effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. extract on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied on glucose-metabolizing enzymes in rats. A significant increase (p < 0.001) in the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes viz., hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase, with a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were observed in HCC-bearing rats, when compared with the control. Administration of G. gynandra extract caused a significant decrease in the activities of glycolytic enzymes and an increase in the gluconeogenic enzymes activities to near normal values. Thus, findings suggest the G. gynandra extract has a definite modulating role on the key enzymes of glucose metabolism in HCC. The modulatory effect may be due to the phytoactive constituents present in the extract of G. gynandra.
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PMID:Modulatory effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. on glucose metabolizing enzymes in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. 1832 Aug 47

Diet and nutrition have substantial impact on reducing the incidence of diabetes mellitus, where oxidative stress is an important etiopathological factor. The combined protective role of low dose of naringin (15 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (25 mg kg(-1)) and high dose of naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced toxicity was studied in male Wistar rats. To induce type II diabetes mellitus, rats were injected with STZ intraperitoneally at a dose of 45 mg kg(-1) body weight. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant increase in blood glucose, water intake, food intake and glycated hemoglobin and significant decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin, body weight and liver glycogen. Diabetic rats also showed significant decrease in the activity of hexokinase and significant increase in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and kidney. The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and vitamin E were elevated while the level of reduced glutathione was decreased in diabetic rats. Glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were increased in plasma, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Oral administration of high doses of naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) to diabetic rats for a period of 21 days normalized all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters. The effect exerted by naringin (30 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin C (50 mg kg(-1)) was similar to the effect exerted by insulin (6 units kg(-1)). Thus, our study shows the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of naringin and vitamin C in STZ-induced type II diabetes mellitus in rats.
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PMID:Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. 1834 97

We evaluated the effect of dietary starch level on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition and activity of selected key enzymes of intermediary metabolism in gilthead sea bream juveniles reared at 18 and 25 degrees C. A diet was formulated to contain 48% crude protein, 12% lipids and 30% gelatinized maize starch (diet 30GS). Two other diets were formulated to include the same level of ingredients as diet 30GS except for the gelatinized starch, which was included at 20% (diet 20GS) or 10% (diet 10GS). No adjustment to diet composition was otherwise made. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of gilthead sea bream (30 g initial mass) for 8 weeks, on a pair-feeding scheme. The higher temperature improved growth performance but the opposite was true for feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio. Independently of temperature, growth performance, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were lower in fish fed diet 30GS. No effect of temperature or dietary starch level on whole-body composition was noticed. Hepatosomatic index and liver glycogen were higher at 18 degrees C and, within each temperature, in fish fed diet 30GS. Glycemia was not affected by temperature, but was lower in fish fed diet 10GS. Data on enzyme activities showed that increasing water temperature enhances liver glucokinase (GK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities, suggesting that gilthead sea bream is more apt to use dietary starch at higher temperatures. No effect of temperature was noticed on hexokinase (HK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. Dietary starch enhanced PK and FBPase activities while depressed GDH activity, suggesting a lack of significant regulation of hepatic glucose utilization and production in this species. HK, GK and G6PD activities were unaffected by dietary composition. Irrespectively of water temperature, gelatinized starch may be included up to 20% in diets for gilthead sea bream juveniles; at higher dietary levels, growth and efficiency of feed utilization are depressed.
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PMID:Effect of water temperature and dietary starch on growth and metabolic utilization of diets in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. 1858 42

Resveratrol, a ubiquitous stress-induced phytoalexin, has demonstrated a wide variety of biological activities which make it a good candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate its therapeutic potential by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The daily oral treatment of resveratrol (5 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) decline in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma insulin level. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were significantly (p<0.05) reverted to near normal levels by the administration of resveratrol. Further, resveratrol administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the antihyperglycemic potential of resveratrol in diabetic rats. The obtained results were compared with glyclazide, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, the modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating these enzymes activities afford a promise for widespread use for treatment of diabetes in the future.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 1905 88

The study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of coumarin on carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats. On oral administration of coumarin at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 45 days; resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1)c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of coumarin caused a significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals also observed. This study indicates that the administration of coumarin to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose levels.
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PMID:Efficacy of coumarin on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in chemical induced type 2 diabetic rats. 1964 26

High intake of dietary fructose has been shown to exert a number of adverse metabolic eff ects in humans and experimental animals. The present study was designed to investigate the eff ect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem (TCAE) on the adverse eff ects of fructose loading toward carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats. Adult male Wistar rats of body weight around 200 g were divided into four groups, two of which were fed with starch diet and the other two with high fructose (66 %) diet. Plant extract of TC (400 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to each group of the starch fed rats and the highfructose fed rats. At the end of 60 days of experimental period, biochemical parameters related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were assayed. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of hepatic total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids (p < 0.05) observed in fructose-fed rats were completely prevented with TCAE treatment. Alterations in the activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and lipid metabolism (fatty acid synthetase, lipoprotein lipase, and malic enzyme) as observed in the high fructose-fed rats were prevented with TCAE administration. In conclusion, our fi ndings indicate improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fructose fed rats by treatment with Tinospora cordifolia, and suggest that the plant can be used as an adjuvant for the prevention and/or management of insulin resistance and disorders related to it.
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PMID:Beneficiary effect of Tinospora cordifolia against high-fructose diet induced abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. 1976 7

During diabetes mellitus, endogenous hepatic glucose production is increased as a result of impaired activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to the condition known as hyperglycemia. D-pinitol, a bioactive constituent isolated from soybeans, has been shown to reduce hyperglycemia in experimental diabetes. We therefore designed this study to investigate the effect of oral administration of D-pinitol (50 mg/kg b. w. for 30 days) on the activities of key enzymes in carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in the liver tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The efficacy was compared with glyclazide, a standard hypoglycemic drug. Oral administration of D-pinitol to diabetic group of rats showed a marked decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and an increase in plasma insulin and body weight. The activities of the hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and hepatic glycogen content were significantly (p < 0.05) increased whereas the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in diabetic rats treated with D-pinitol. The results suggest that alterations in the activities of key metabolic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism could be one of the biochemical rationale by which D-pinitol attenuates the hyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats.
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PMID:D-pinitol attenuates the impaired activities of hepatic key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2003 88

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diosmin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Diosmin was administered to streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w) diabetic rats at different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w) for 45 days to assess its effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, it was found that plasma glucose was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the diabetic control. In addition, oral administration of diosmin (100mg/kg b.w) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin and increased hemoglobin and plasma insulin. The activities of the hepatic key enzymes such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased whereas, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. These results showed that diosmin has potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
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PMID:Antihyperglycemic effect of diosmin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 2036 9

We have shown that separate dose of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. exerts antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg b.w.) nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. In the present study we have attempted to compare the antihyperglycemic activity exerted by the combined treatment of THC/CGA with THC and CGA alone treated diabetic rats. After the experimental period of 45 days we observed that supplementation with combined dose of THC/CGA significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)) and increased the levels of plasma insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin and glycogen which were decreased upon STZ treatment and also significantly reversed the altered activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and of glycolytic enzymes such as glucokinase and hexokinase in the tissues of experimental rats as compared to their individual supplementation. Thus our results substantiate that though THC and CGA alone found to exert hypoglycemic activity the maximum hypoglycemic effect was always observed in diabetic rats treated THC/CGA and this summed effect seems to have a promising value for the development of a potent phytomedicine for diabetes.
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PMID:Combined treatment of tetrahydrocurcumin and chlorogenic acid exerts potential antihyperglycemic effect on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. 2037 77


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