Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.1 (hexokinase)
 5,274 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of the right common and the left external carotid arteries. Gerbils were classified according to their neurological appearance as "symptom-negative" (8 animals), "mild symptoms" (unilateral hemiparesis, 10 animals) and "severe symptoms" (hemiparesis and rolling seizures, 8 animals). Two hours after vascular occlusion various substrates and enzymes related to the energy-producing metabolism, were assessed in tissue samples from both hemispheres. In symptom-negative animals, the only change was a slight decrease of glycolytic intermediates in the right hemisphere. In animals with mild symptoms, the right hemisphere additionally exhibited an impairment of the redox and energy state and an enhancement of the activity of most enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, except hexokinase. In animals with severe symptoms, these changes were even more pronounced and affected--to a lesser degree--also the left hemisphere. The results obtained demonstrate that the neurological appearance of the animals after vascular occlusion correlates with the biochemical alterations and, therefore, can be used for estimating the density of graded ischemia.
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PMID:Biochemical changes during graded brain ischemia in gerbils. Part 1. Global biochemical alterations. 622 Oct 81

A case of Iotrolan encephalopathy is reported. A 66-year-old woman, suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage, was admitted to our department on January 17th, 1995. After an operation for aneurysmal clipping and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, she was discharged with no neurological deficiency. CT scan revealed ventricular enlargement and slight periventricular lucency. She was re-admitted on January 4th, 1996. She was suffering from nausea, vomiting, right hemiparesis, right hemi-hypesthesia and disturbance of consciousness. CT scan demonstrated right thalamic bleeding and bilateral ventricular hemorrhage. Further ventricular enlargement was also revealed. With medical treatment, her symptoms were relieved gradually. But disorientation and memory disturbance continued. Shuntography with Iotrolan was performed on February 2nd, 1996. The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was demonstrated to be occluded on the abdominal side. The volume of Iotrolan used was about 8cc. She became very restless on the night of the examination. Her temperature was up to 38. CT on February 4th demonstrated brain penetration of the Iotrolan. Revision of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, administration of steroids and hydration was performed. CSF findings demonstrated no abnormalities. Her symptoms were relieved gradually. Iotrolan is a non-ionic contrast media of dimer type, composed of C37 H48 I6 N6 O18. Its distinctive features are low distributing coefficient and high affinity with water. Contrasting several reports of Metrizamide encephalopathy, only 2 cases of Iotrolan encephalopathy were reported. Iotrolan is reported to be much safer than Metrizamide. We were able to find brain penetration by Iotrolan. It is expected to be a characteristic radiological finding of encephalopathy induced by contrast media. The mechanism of Iotrolan encephalopathy is obscure. Several theories concerning Metrizamide encephalopathy are proposed. These are (1) inhibition of hexokinase, (2) inhibition of acethylcholinesterase, (3) immunological mechanism and (4) vascular disturbance. Iotrolan has no 2-deoxy-glucose structure. The inhibition theory of hexokinase is least expected. Related matters are circulatory disturbance of liquor, dehydration, excessive contrast media, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, epileptic patients and patients taking phenothiazines. Prompt therapy is important. Removal of contrast media, hydration and administration of steroids should be performed as early as possible.
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PMID:[A case of Iotrolan encephalopathy]. 893 76

A 62-year-old woman experienced headache and rapidly progressive left hemiparesis over 2 weeks. Diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR images of the head showed increased signal intensity in the right basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and the brain stem. Enhancement was not observed on a T1-weighted spin-echo MR image after the administration of a contrast material. An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) study with kinetic analysis showed decreased FDG transport and increased hexokinase activity in the lesions compared with the contralateral hemisphere. The diagnosis was made by biopsy of the right caudate head and pathologic specimens were positive for malignant large-cell lymphoma, B-cell phenotype. The patient received high-dose methotrexate with CHOP chemotherapy, and an [18F]FDG-PET study with kinetic analysis showed decreased hexokinase activity after the first chemotherapy. Kinetic [18F]FDG-PET analysis may be useful to diagnose and monitor the treatment effect in non-enhancing primary central nervous system lymphoma.
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PMID:Usefulness of [18F]FDG-PET kinetic analysis in non-enhancing primary central nervous system lymphoma: case report. 1616