Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.44 (AGT)
 770 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycated plasma proteins (GPP) and glycated hemoglobin (G Hb) has been evaluated in 134 non-diabetics (ND), 299 women with potential abnormality of glucose tolerance (pot.AGT), 75 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 34 insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM) during pregnancy or postpartum including 94 cord blood determinations. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly elevated in IDDM (6.6 +/- 1.3% M +/- SD) compared to ND (5.1 +/- 0.7%; P less than 0.01), but were similar for the other groups studied. Mean GPP were increased for the IDDM (0.58 +/- 0.29 nmol 5- HMF/mg protein; M +/- SD) and the IGT-group (0.53 +/- 0.22) over ND (0.3 +/- 0.13; P less than 0.01) and the Pot.AGT group (0.37 +/- 0.14; P less than 0.01). 6% of the ND, 15% of the Pot AGT-, 52% of the IGT- and 62% of the IDDM group were found to have GPP values exceeding the 97% confidential limit of the ND. However, the large overlap of individual values from patients with different degrees of glucose intolerance with the normal range of pregnancy precludes the use of GPP as a screening parameter for IGT during pregnancy. A 30-35% reduction of fetal hemoglobin- and plasma protein glycosylation relative to maternal values was observed.
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PMID:Glycated plasma proteins in normal and diabetic mothers and their offsprings. 346 46

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase is a DNA repair protein known to carry out the transfer of alkyl groups from the O6-position of guanine in alkylated DNA to a cysteine acceptor site contained within its own protein sequence. We have examined the ability of this protein isolated from either E. coli or mammalian cells to perform this repair reaction in short oligodeoxynucleotides. Dodecadeoxynucleotides of the sequence 5'-dCGNGAATTCm6GCG-3' where N is any one of the normal four bases were all repaired very rapidly by the protein with 50% repair in less than 15 s at 0 degree C. The hexadeoxynucleotide 5'-dCGCm6GCG-3' was repaired slightly more slowly with 50% removal taking 7 min at 0 degree C and 1.5 min at 37 degrees C. The tetradeoxynucleotide 5'-dTm6GCA-3' was also a substrate but was repaired much more slowly requiring 45 min for 50% repair at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that (a) the AGT has a strong but not absolute preference for double-stranded DNA substrates; (b) the repair of O6-methylguanine is independent of the base opposite the lesion; and (c) that oligodeoxynucleotides as short as tetramers are substrates for repair by this protein.
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PMID:Repair of oligodeoxynucleotides containing O6-methylguanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase. 373 92

In the examinations of the swine sera obtained from swines immunized s.c. with adjuvant Br.abortus S19 vaccine or Br.suis 1417 vaccine, it was found that agglutinins were present after 3 weeks, and C.F. antibodies or incomplete agglutinins normally after injections. Probably, in the first period of Brucella infection negative results of C.F.T. or AGT or both will be obtained. In the swine sera from Brucella free herds, agglutinins reacting with the Brucellognost antigen were present. The performance of mercaptoethanol test or C.F.T. lead in most cases to suitable diagnosis. In our conditions we have not obtained results which permit to classify AGT as a supplement test in serodiagnosis of swine brucellosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the agglutination test (AT), complement fixation test (CFT) and the antiglobulin test (AGT) in the diagnosis of swine brucellosis. III. Basic studies]. 382 55

We have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven tRNAs. The overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. As was found for mtDNAs from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in Drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. However, the frequencies of transitions and transversions are approximately equal in Drosophila mtDNAs, which is in contrast to the vast excess of transitions over transversions in mammalian mtDNAs. In Drosophila mtDNAs the frequency of C----T substitutions per codon in the third position is 2.5 times greater among codons of two-codon families than among codons of four-codon families; this is contrary to the hypothesis that third position silent substitutions are neutral in regard to selection. In the third position of codons of four-codon families transversions are 4.6 times more frequent than transitions and A----T substitutions account for 86% of all transversions. Ninety-four percent of all codons in the Drosophila mtDNA segments analyzed end in A or T. However, as this alone cannot account for the observed high frequency of A----T substitutions there must be either a disproportionately high rate of A----T mutation in Drosophila mtDNA or selection bias for the products of A----T mutation. --Consideration of the frequencies of interchange of AGA and AGT codons in the corresponding D. yakuba and D. melanogaster mitochondrial protein genes provides strong support for the view that AGA specifies serine in the Drosophila mitochondrial genetic code.
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PMID:Sequence evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA. 392 27

The subcellular localization of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44 L-Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase) of adult human liver was examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme sedimented at the same density as catalase, indicating that it was localized in the peroxisomes. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the liver of patients with cirrhosis was about 65% of that of normal liver or 71% of that from patients with chronic hepatitis, but its activity in the serum of patients with cirrhosis was higher than that from patients with chronic hepatitis. Patterns of activity of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in liver and serum differed from those of aspartate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase that have a different intracellular location. Serum immunoreactive alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Im-AGT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The Im-AGT levels (mean +/- SEM) in acute (80 +/- 13 micrograms/L) and chronic (72 +/- 4 micrograms/L) hepatitis were higher than those of normal controls (44 +/- 1 micrograms/L). However, the difference between acute and chronic hepatitis was not statistically significant. The level in liver cirrhosis (54 +/- 3 micrograms/L) was lower than those of the hepatitides but higher than that of normal controls. The apparent half-life of serum Im-AGT of patients who underwent liver lobectomy by a microwave tissue coagulation method was approximately 3-4 days.
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PMID:Peroxisome localized human hepatic alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and its application to clinical diagnosis. 405 44

The amino acid sequence of the egg yolk storage protein phosvitin has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of part of the chicken vitellogenin gene. Of the phosvitin sequence, 210 amino acids including the N-terminal residue are contained on one large exon, whereas the remaining six amino acids are encoded on the next exon. Phosvitin contains a core region of 99 amino acids, consisting of 80 serines, grouped in runs of maximally 14 residues interspersed by arginines, lysines, and asparagines. The serines of the core region are encoded by AGC and AGT codons exclusively and the arginines by AGA and AGG, which results in a continuous stretch of 99 codons with adenine in the first position. The N-terminal quarter of the phosvitin sequence contains 16 serines grouped in a cluster with alanines and threonines and coded mainly by TCX triplets. The C-terminal part includes 27 serines, preferentially coded by AGC and AGT, 13 histidine residues, and the sequence ...Asn-Gly-Ser... at which the carbohydrate moiety of phosvitin is attached. Heteroduplex formation between cloned DNAs from chicken and Xenopus vitellogenin genes shows that the phosvitin sequence contains a stretch of highly conserved sequence.
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PMID:Amino acid sequence of phosvitin derived from the nucleotide sequence of part of the chicken vitellogenin gene. 609 45

The human c-Ha-ras2 gene, one of two known members of the Harvey ras family, is reportedly located on the X-chromosome and has lost introns (1, 2). There has heretofore been no information on its precise gene structure and oncogenic potential. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the c-Ha-ras2 and demonstrate that it is a processed pseudogene surrounded by several direct repeats and contains numerous base substitutions as well as a notable mutation (AGT at codon 12 of the p21 protein) responsible for oncogenic conversion of the known ras genes (3-8).
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PMID:The human c-Ha-ras2 is a processed pseudogene inactivated by numerous base substitutions. 632 22

The Arden grating test is found to be a statistically reliable tool which provides an index of contrast sensitivity. Although no statistically valid mean score can be assigned to each plate, a range of normals can be established for this particular age group. In this study, after each individual's initial scores were established for each plate they remained constant each time the test was repeated. The scores found for each plate are somewhat less than those established by Arden which may in part be related to the effect of age and to some variation in the mode of presentation by the test administrator. In summary, the Arden grating test when used properly should be a rapid and effective screener. It can reveal visual loss in instances where other clinical techniques fail to show significant findings. It is a reasonable clinical substitution of the contrast sensitivity function test in monitoring or detecting subtle changes in low and medium spatial frequency thresholds. The Arden grating test has recently been updated and is being marketed by the American Optical Company. Use of this test can add another dimension to the clinical ophthalmic examination although clinical trials should first be made against the original AGT.
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PMID:An evaluation of the Arden grating test. 664 1

We have investigated the sequence specificity of DNA damage induced by mitomycin C reduced with NaBH4, by using 3'- or 5'-end labeled DNA fragments of defined sequence. Mitomycin C reduced with NaBH4 induced heat-labile sites in DNA preferentially at specific sequences. The most preferred trinucleotide sequence for induction of heat-labile sites was GGT, followed by GGG, AGT, GAG, GGC and AGG. Active oxygens such as hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen, and metal ions were involved in the induction of heat-labile sites. DNA was broken at the 3' side of deoxyguanosines and some of deoxyadenosines by heat-treatment. The produced oligonucleotides contained phosphoryl groups at the 5' termini. The 3' termini seemed not to have simple structures.
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PMID:Reduced mitomycin C induces heat-labile sites in DNA at specific sequences. 666 82

The ancestral gene for immunoglobulin light-chain variable regions (Ig VLs) of the kappa as well as the lambda class apparently arose from about 12 tandem repeats of the 48-base-long primordial building block sequence TCT-TGC-GCA-GTA-AGT-CCA-CTC-CAG-GTC-ATA-TCC-AGT-CAG-GCT-GCT-GAA. Even today, amino acid residues 67 to 82 of each Ig V kappa L are still specified by a direct descendant in toto of the above-noted primordial building block, whereas amino acid residues 14 to 25 are invariably specified by its truncated copy. The Ig VL primordial building block presently identified is 100% complementary to the Ig VH (heavy-chain variable region) primordial building block previously identified. In the recognition of specific antigenic determinants by antibodies, Ig VL and Ig VH of light-chain--heavy-chain dimers have to complement each other. It is perhaps fitting that the primordial building blocks of the two are represented by the complementary strands of the same 48-base-pair-long DNA sequence.
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PMID:The 48-base-long primordial building block of immunoglobulin light-chain variable regions is complementary to the primordial building block of heavy-chain variable regions. 680 18


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