Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.44 (AGT)
770 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease with variable rate of progression. Young age is an independent risk factor for poor outcome in HCM. The influence of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) genotype on the progression of HCM in children is unknown. Children with HCM (n = 65) were enrolled prospectively across two centers (2001-2005). All subjects were genotyped for five RAAS gene polymorphisms previously associated with LV hypertrophy (pro-LVH): AGT M235T, ACE DD, CMA-1903 A/G, AGTR1 1666 A/C and CYP11B2-344 C/T. Linear regression models, based on maximum likelihood estimates, were created to assess the independent effect of RAAS genotype on LV hypertrophy (LVH). Forty-six subjects were homozygous for <2 and 19 were homozygous for > or =2 pro-LVH RAAS polymorphisms. Mean age at presentation was 9.6 +/- 6 years. Forty children had follow-up echocardiograms after a median of 1.5 years. Indexed LV mass (LVMI) and LV mass z-scores were higher at presentation and follow-up in subjects with > or =2 pro-LVH genotypes compared to those with <2 (P < 0.05). Subjects with > or =2 pro-LVH genotypes also demonstrated a greater increase in septal thickness (IVST) and in LV outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction on follow-up (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, a higher number of pro-LVH genotypes was associated with a larger effect size (P < 0.05). Pro-LVH RAAS gene polymorphisms are associated with progressive septal hypertrophy and LVOT obstruction in children with HCM. Identification of RAAS modifier genes may help to risk-stratify patients with HCM.
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PMID:RAAS gene polymorphisms influence progression of pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 1785 94

Recent observations raise possibility for constitutively active, mutated JAK2 to modulate expression of RAS genes in CMPD. We analyzed the expression of AGT, renin, AT2R1 and ACE genes in normal and bone marrows of PV and ET patients with the respect to the presence of V617F JAK2 mutation. PV and ET had different expression patterns of major RAS components compared to normal BM which was primarily associated with the JAK2V617F mutation and less with PV or ET disease phenotype. However, AT2R1 was exclusively markedly upregulated only in PV, while ET showed moderate expression irrespective of the JAK2 mutational status.
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PMID:Bone marrow renin-angiotensin system expression in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia depends on JAK2 mutational status. 1787 18

Single-gene disorders explain only a minority of stroke cases. Stroke represents a complex trait, which is usually assumed to be polygenic. On this topic, the role of a wide number of candidate genes has been investigated in stroke through association studies, with controversial results. Therefore, it is difficult for the clinician to establish the validity and the level of clinical applicability of the previously reported associations between genetic factors and stroke. This review is an update and an extensive analysis of the more recent association studies conducted in stroke. We evaluated a number of studies on several candidate genes (including F5, F2, FGA/FGB/FGG, F7, F13A1, vWF, F12, SERPINE1, ITGB3/PLA1/PLA2/ITGA2B, ITGA2, GP1BA, ACE, AGT, NOS3, APOE, LPL, PON1, PDE4D, ALOX5AP, MTHFR, MTR, and CBS), providing a final panel of genes and molecular variants. We categorized this panel in relation to the degree of association with stroke, supported by the results of meta-analyses and case-control studies. Our findings could represent a useful tool to address further molecular investigations and to realize more detailed meta-analyses.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphisms for the study of multifactorial stroke. 1842 1

Almost 50% of hypertensive individuals manifest blood pressure changes in response to salt depletion or repletion and are termed "salt sensitive" (SS). Blunted activity of the endothelin (ET) system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have been reported as possible mechanisms contributing to salt sensitivity. Data are available that endothelin receptor subtype B (ETBR)-deficient rats develop salt-sensitive hypertension when fed a high-salt diet. Whether the ETBR gene (EDNRB) is involved in genetic predisposition to human salt-sensitive hypertension has not been studied so far. We screened EDNRB in 104 hypertensive patients (49 salt sensitive and 55 salt resistant) and 110 normotensive controls. No new sequence variation was found, but genotype distribution of the common polymorphism G1065A revealed that the AA + GA genotypes were significantly more frequent in salt-resistant than in salt-sensitive individuals (p = 0.007), suggesting a protective role for the A allele. We also screened angiotensinogen gene AGT M235T and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism ACE I/D and found an association between TT genotype and hypertension. A possible synergistic effect to salt-sensitive hypertension was found by combining EDNRB GG with ACE DD/ID genotypes. In conclusion, our data confirm the role of ET system and RAAS in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of EDNRB, ATG, and ACE genes in salt-sensitive hypertension. 1875 97

Earlier studies have demonstrated the interaction between ADD1 and ACE in relation to arterial properties. We investigated whether arterial characteristics might also be related to interactions of ADD1 with other renin-angiotensin system genes. Using a family-based sampling frame, we randomly recruited 1064 Flemish subjects (mean age, 43.6 years; 50.4% women). By means of a wall-tracking ultrasound system, we measured the properties of the carotid, femoral and brachial arteries. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, we assessed the multiple gene effects of ADD1 (Gly460Trp), AGT (C-532T and G-6A) and AT1R (A1166C). In ADD1 Trp allele carriers, but not in ADD1 GlyGly homozygotes (P-value for interaction < or =0.014), femoral cross-sectional compliance was significantly higher (0.74 vs 0.65 mm(2) kPa(-1); P=0.020) in carriers of the AT1R C allele than in AT1R AA homozygotes, with a similar trend for femoral distensibility (11.3 vs 10.2 x 10(-3) kPa(-1); P=0.055). These associations were independent of potential confounding factors, including age. Family-based analyses confirmed these results. Brachial diameter (4.35 vs 4.18 mm) and plasma renin activity (PRA) (0.23 vs 0.14 ng ml(-1) h(-1)) were increased (P< or =0.005) in AGT CG haplotype homozygotes compared with non-carriers, whereas the opposite was true for brachial distensibility (12.4 vs 14.4 x 10(-3) kPa(-1); P=0.011). There was no interaction between AGT and any other gene in relation to the measured phenotypes. ADD1 and AT1R interactively determine the elastic properties of the femoral artery. There is a single-gene effect of the AGT promoter haplotypes on brachial properties and PRA.
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PMID:Arterial properties in relation to genetic variation in alpha-adducin and the renin-angiotensin system in a White population. 1880 Jan 39

High level of clinical and genetic heterogeneity is a characteristic of arterial hypertension (AH) that is one of the most wide-spread cardiovascular diseases. In most cases (excluding a few monogenic forms), AH is a polygenic disease and genes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play an important role in AH predisposition. 20-25% AH cases occur during low activity of renin in blood plasma (low-renin form of AH) while aldosterone production can be increased (hyperaldosteronism, HA) or normal. We examined polymorphism of genes that code the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system components in the groups of low-renin forms of AH, namely, primary HA, idiopathic HA and AH with normal level of aldosterone. For all HA cases, the absence of chimeric CYP11B2/CYP11B1 gene that is a cause for monogenic disease--amilial HA of first type, was shown. A comparison of distributions of alleles and genotypes of polymorphous regions of genes: CYP11B2 (C-344T), REN (C-5434T, C-5312T and A BglI G), AGT (Thr174Met), ACE (I/D), CMA (G-1903A), AT2R1 (A1166C) and of their combinations is the groups described above was done. The analysis of carriership of the alleles and genotypes combinations of the polymorphous regions has shown that genes CYP11B2, REN, ACE, CMA andA T2R1 participate in development of low-renin HA. The results are evidence of similarities and some definite differences in genetic nature of the different forms of low-renin AH and, to say more widely, argue that the investigation of genetic predisposition for clinically heterogeneous forms of polygene diseases by comparison of groups of patients, separated in accordance with peculiarities of disease course, holds much promise for their hereditary background understanding.
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PMID:[Comparative genetic analysis of different forms of low-renin arterial hypertension]. 1885 58

The aim of this study is to examine whether the ACE-I/D, AGT-M235T, and AT1R-A1166C polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with cardiovascular and renal-related risk factors in Mexican Americans. Study participants (N = 848) were genotyped by Taqman assays. Association analyses were performed by measured genotype approach. Of the phenotypes examined, the ACE-I/D, AGT-M235T, and AT1R-A1166C polymorphisms exhibited significant association with systolic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate and body mass index, respectively. The data suggest that the polymorphisms examined in the RAS may modulate the risk factors associated with cardiovascular-renal disease.
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PMID:Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin system genes are associated with cardiovascular-renal-related risk factors in Mexican Americans. 1898 87

Aim of the study was to investigate association of gene candidate polymorphisms encoding elements of the renin-angiotensin system and participating in regulation of vascular tone with development of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertensive disease. We examined 93 patients (52 women, 41 men, mean age 58.3+/-1.12 years, mean duration of hypertension 15.6+/-1.16 years) with hypertensive disease. Two patients had arterial hypertension (AG) with I, 22 with II, 63 with III degree of blood pressure (BP) elevation. Thirty four patients smoked, 2 had stroke in anamnesis, 33 had ischemic heart disease, in 58 heredity burdened with cardiovascular diseases was noted. In 38 patients hypertrophy of left ventricular myocardium was revealed. As gene-candidates we considered AGT, ACE, AT2R1, CYP11B2, MTHFR, PPARA, PPARG2, NOS3. Patients with microalbuminuria had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP levels. Groups did not differ significantly according sex, age, disease duration, glucose level. There were no significant differences in involvement of other target organs - hypertrophy of left ventricular myocardium and atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. Patients with microalbuminuria had significantly higher level of blood cholesterol. Patients with and without microalbuminuria differed only in frequencies of genotypes of polymorphic marker A(-153)G of AT2R1 gene. Genotype AA predisposed to development of nephropathy--odds ratio (OR) 4.71 (95CI 1.78-12.97), while genotype AG was protective (OR 0.20 95%CI 0.07 to 0.56, p=0.031). According to results of multifactorial analysis independent factors affecting increase of risk of development of nephropathy in the studied group were level of systolic BP and carriage of genotype AA of polymorphic marker A(-153)G of AT2R1 gene.
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PMID:[Genetic aspects of development of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertensive disease]. 1907 77

This study was designed to examine the contribution of six polymorphisms to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Dutch primary care population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional case-control study, 232 patients with CVD and 571 event-free controls were studied. Patients were genotyped for the AGTR1 (A1166C), AGT (M235T), ACE (4656rpt), NOS3 (E298D), GNB3 (C825T) and ADD1 (G460W) polymorphisms. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess the relationship between genotypes and CVD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to quantify the contribution of the polymorphisms to the prediction of CVD. No differences in either genotype or allele frequencies were found between CVD cases and controls. Multivariate analyses, corrected for multiple testing according to Bonferroni, showed significant protective associations for the T-allele of AGT (OR=0.55 (0.34-0.84)) and for the T-allele of ADD1 (OR=0.52 (0.31-0.82)). ROC analysis showed only a very small improvement of CVD risk prediction by adding the six polymorphisms to a model with traditional risk factors. Our data suggest that a major attribution of the six polymorphisms to the cardiovascular risk prediction in a primary care population such as HIPPOCRATES is unlikely.
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PMID:The contribution of six polymorphisms to cardiovascular risk in a Dutch high-risk primary care population: the HIPPOCRATES project. 1924 91

With the aim to investigate association of polymorphisms of candidate genes with clinical peculiarities of hypertensive disease in patients having burdened familial anamnesis we examined 413 (229 men and 184 women, mean age 60.3 +/- 0.59 years) patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH). Determination of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers of ACE, AGT, AT2R1, CYP11B2, NOS3, ENDl, GNB3, PPARA, PPARG2, MTHFR, CAT, SOD2, PON1, PON2 sigma APOB, APOE, LPL genes was carried out with the use of polymerase chain reaction. Patient with AH having hereditary load were younger (58.9 +/- 0.75 and 61.3 +/- 0.89 years, respectively, p=0.017) and had significantly lower age of debut of the disease (44.4 +/- 0.84 and 47.5 +/- 1.03 years, respectively; p=0.013), higher values of systolic (204.8 +/- 7.66 and 187.0 +/- 2.04 mm Hg; p=0.032) and diastolic (111.2 +/- 1.05 and 107.3 +/- 1.17 mm Hg, respectively; p=0.025) arterial pressure (AP) compared with patients with AH without hereditary loaded anamnesis. Portion of patients with 3 degree of severity of AH was higher among patients with "familial" AH (53.6 and 44.1%, respectively, p=0.018). Early debut (in the age younger than 45 years in men and 55 years in women) was associated with carriage of genotype TT of polymorphic marker C825 of GNB3 gene (OR 2.65 95CI [1.27-5.54], p=0.005) and genotype AA of polymorphic marker A(A153)G of AT2R1 gene (OR 1.67 95% CI [1.03-2.77], p=0.024). Higher AP level corresponding to 3-rd degree AH in the group of patients with burdened familial anamnesis was associated with carriage of Asn allele of polymorphic marker Lysl98Asn of EDN1 gene (OR 2.24 95% CI [1.20-4.18], p=0.008), 4a allele of polymorphic marker 4a/4b of NOS3 gene (OR 2.23 C/[1.29-3.83], p=0.002), genotype ArgArg of polymorphic marker Glnl92Arg of PON1 gene (OR 6.14 C7[1.46-25.67], p=0.01), T allele of polymorphic marker of C825T gene GNB3 (OR 1.75 C/[1.11-2.76], p=0.01) and genotype AA of polymorphic marker A(A153)G of AT2R1 gene (OR 2.61 C/11.29-5.34], p=0.005). In patients without burdened familial anamnesis 3-rd degree AH was associated with higher frequency of allele Ala of polymorphic marker Pro12A1a of PPARG2 gene.
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PMID:[Association of genetic factors with clinical peculiarities of hypertensive disease in patients with burdened familial anamnesis]. 1925 15


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