Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Precise evaluation of bile duct stones presence in particular moment, performed using the most non-invasive method, is important for the planning of optimal treatment. Not only simple imaging procedures (like conventional transabdominal ultrasound--US) but also more sophisticated imaging methods (CT or MRI) are frequently useless. The "gold standards" of bile duct stones diagnosis are still endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical choledochotomy. However, the ERCP expose the patients to the risk of some serious complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of patients case history data and non-invasive tests (such as biochemistry, ultrasound data) in order to establish a risk scale in cases suspected for common bile duct stones. The investigated group comprised of 135 patients treated from January 1996 through March 1997 in the Department of Gastroenterology Silesian Medical Academy. In patients prospectively enrolled to the study case history and a set of blood biochemical examinations were completed. In following, US was performed. The verification of the biliary tree (done with ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgical choledochotomy) was performed. Examiners (US, ERCP) were blind to the other results of a patient. Case history data, laboratory blood tests and US results were used to select parameters significantly differing between patients with and without bile duct stones. Thirteen parameters were tested using Mann-Whitney's and chi 2 tests and four parameters were finally selected. For every selected parameter cut off values (i.e. values best differentiating patients with and without stones) were chosen on the basis of the chi 2 value, 95% confidence interval of risk ratio and Youden's index (gamma-GTP, alanine transaminase, enlarged bile ducts on US, bile duct stones on US). In the next step a set of different combinations of selected parameters was tested to find out the best waged scale for bile duct stones risk diagnosis. Finally, diagnostic efficacy of the best constructed scales and US alone were compared. Constructed risk scales can not be employed in the primary selection of patients, as their positive predictive value is quite high, but negative predictive value is low. US is also not valuable in evaluation of patients suspected for common bile duct stones.
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PMID:[Evaluation of probability of bile duct stone presence by using of non-invasive procedures]. 1468 3

EKB-569 is a potent, low molecular weight, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that is being developed as an anticancer agent. A phase 1, dose-escalation study was conducted in Japanese patients. EKB-569 was administered orally, once daily, in 28-day cycles, to patients with advanced-stage malignancies known to overexpress EGFR. Two patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations and acquired gefitinib resistance from the phase 1 study are described in detail. Case #1 is a 63-year-old man with smoking history. He received treatment from 4 March 2004. Because he had no severe adverse events, a total of 10 courses of therapy were completed through December 16. Grade 2 skin rash and ALT elevation, and grade 1 diarrhea and nail changes developed. A chest CT scan on 4 August 2003 revealed multiple pulmonary metastases that had decreased in size. Case #2 is a 49-year-old woman with no smoking history. She received therapy from 9 February 2004. She received a total of five courses of the therapy until 22 June 2004. Grade 3 nausea and vomiting and grade 1 diarrhea and dry skin developed. A chest CT scan on March 3 revealed multiple pulmonary metastases that had decreased in size. A brain MRI on March 4 showed that multiple brain metastases also had decreased in size. Based on RECIST criteria, they had stable disease but radiographic tumor regression was observed.
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PMID:EKB-569, a new irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with clinical activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to gefitinib. 1636 94

An 8-year-old boy was referred to our hospital because of learning disabilities. His general cognitive functions were below the level for age, and he was diagnosed with dysphasia. The boy was transferred to a special class for children with learning problems. Three months later he was again referred to us because of acute epigastric pain. The only abnormal laboratory finding was a slightly elevated level of alanine aminotransferase. Although the symptoms disappeared in a few days, the transaminase levels remained above normal for the next 6 months. Further diagnostic work-up revealed low serum ceruloplasmin concentration and high 24-h urinary copper excretion. The hepatic copper concentration in liver biopsy was high (2900 microg/g dry weight), confirming the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Brain MRI showed slight changes in white matter. The patient's asymptomatic sister was also diagnosed with Wilson's disease. Both siblings started penicillamine therapy and a copper-restricted diet. The copper content of the household water was found to be above average and a new plumbing system was installed. After 1 year from the initiation of the therapy, the transaminase concentrations normalized and both siblings were free of symptoms. After 2 years of therapy the patient was able to return to normal school. Wilson's disease must be borne in mind, when children are evaluated because of poor school performance, especially if they complain of abdominal symptoms.
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PMID:Poor cognitive development and abdominal pain: Wilson's disease. 1649 28

The physiological effects of a novel MRI contrast agent, Gd(ABE-DTTA), were investigated in dogs, monitoring parameters in blood samples. Each animal (n = 8 in the short-term, n = 4 in the long-term group) underwent isoflurane anesthesia followed by the generation of myocardial infarction and received a contrast agent at the MRI effective dose. Blood samples were collected 24 and 48 h, and 7, 14, 28, 35, 49 and 56 days after contrast agent administration. No significant changes exceeding the normal range were detected in any of the investigated parameters except in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). ALT enzyme activity increased in the short-term group 24 and 48 h after agent administration as expected from the effect of isoflurane anesthesia. Between days 7 and 56 no elevation in ALT was observed. In dogs no substantial short- or long-term effect was observed on the investigated, physiological parameters after Gd(ABE-DTTA) administration at the MRI effective dose.
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PMID:Gd(ABE-DTTA), a novel contrast agent, at the MRI-effective dose shows absence of deleterious physiological effects in dogs. 1687 74

The efficacy and safety of temozolomide were evaluated in 32 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse. Temozolomide was administered orally once daily for the first five days of a 28-day cycle, at a dose of 150 or 200 mg/m(2)/day. The response rate determined by independent central review of MRI was 34% (95% confidence interval: 18.6%-53.2%), with 3 complete response and 8 partial response. The rate of "no change or better" was 91% (95% confidence interval: 75.0%-98.0%). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was 40.6%, and the median PFS was 4.1 months. The incidence of constipation (50%) and nausea (25%) was high,but these events were all mild or moderate in severity except in one subject with constipation,and could be managed with standard laxatives and antiemetics. The main laboratory test abnormalities (total incidence and incidence of grade 3/4 change) were lymphocytopenia (50%, 25%), neutropenia (47%, 6%), leukopenia (38%, 3%), thrombocytopenia (31%, 9%), and increased GPT (25%, 3%). Temozolomide was shown to have good efficacy and tolerability in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse--a phase II clinical study]. 1696 25

We quantified and studied the impact of post transfusional iron overload alone in post allogeneic HSCT. Median number of RBCs was 18. Ferritin was 532 mg/L. Liver iron content (LIC) was 117 mmoles/gdw. Correlation RBCs and ferritin was (r=0.81); RBCs and LIC was (r=0.84). The high ferritin group differed from normal ferritin group in terms of RBCs transfused (p<10(-3)), ALT (p<0.009). But occurrence of liver dysfunction was not significant. Magnitude of iron overload correlates closely to the number of RBCs and is quantified by MRI. Impact on liver dysfunction is moderate in absence of co-morbidity.
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PMID:Quantification by magnetic resonance imaging and liver consequences of post-transfusional iron overload alone in long term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 1755 Aug 61

Pyogenic abscesses of the liver represent a serious nosologic unit with high morbidity and mortality rates. Their diagnostics is based on ultrasonography, computer tomography or MRI, or positrone emission tomography. The principal treatment procedure includes percutaneous draining of the abscess cavity under the ultrasound or CT control. The authors present a group of 83 subjects hospitalized from 2000 to 2006 for pyogenic abscesses of the liver. Obstruction of the bile ducts, acute cholecystitis and resections of the liver or pancreas for malignancies were recorded as the commonest causes of the abscesses. Percutaneous drainage was the treatment method of choice in 67.5% of the subjects and it included management of the causative factors and administration of antibiotics. The hospitalization period was affected by the following factors: septic conditions (p < 0.04), ALT levels (p < 0.003) - cut off 3.0 mkat/l, the abscess diameter, which may have required reoperation, (p < 0,05), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05) and septic conditions (p < 0.001). The need for re-hospitalization due to a relaps of the pyogenic abscess of the liver correlated significantly with the following: a number (> 2) of abscesses (p < 0.04), C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.005) - cut off> 100 mg/l and septic conditions (p < 0.007). Furthermore, significat correlation was detected between the mortality rates and sepsis (p < 0.05).
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PMID:[Pyogenic abscesses of the liver]. 1769 33

Papillon Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis, periodontitis, and premature loss of dentition. We report a 16 years old girl with PLS. The patient presented at 08 years of age with complaints of corn on the feet and hands, and failure to thrive. On examination, her upper primarily canines were loose, she had severe periodontitis, eruption of permanent teeth, diffuse eritematous and hyperkeratotic palms and soles that suggested the syndrome. During the follow-up, the patient was diagnosed to have congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) when she was 16 years old, while she was being investigated for the etiology of her splenomegaly and pancytopenia. We report a patient with PLS associated with CHF, an association that has not been previously described. Abbreviations-HbsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen, Anti Hbs: Antibody against Hepatitis B surface antigen, Anti Hbc IgM: Antibody against Hepatitis B cor antigen immunglobulin M, Anti dsDNA: Antibody against double stranded deoksiribonucleic acid, Anti HCV: Antibody against Hepatit C virus, Anti HIV: Antibody against human immun deficiency virus, AST: Aspartat amino transferase, ALT: Alanin amino transferase, Gamma-GT: Gamma glutamyl transferase, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase & MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.
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PMID:Papillon-lefevre syndrome with congenital hepatic fibrosis. 1791 35

Reconstruction of a complex knee trauma with knee joint exposure and composite soft tissue and patellar tendon deficiency remains a challenging task. Multiple-stage reconstruction is time-consuming and produces considerable suffering for patients. Early mobilization following knee reconstruction has achieved good outcomes. Herein, we reported one-stage reconstruction with an ALT myocutaneous flap with vascularized fascia lata was utilized for one patient with a large complex knee joint soft tissue defect, and segmental deficiency of the patellar tendon. The fascia lata sheet was rolled to mimic a patellar tendon. The exposed knee joint was obturated by the vastus lateralis muscle of the ALT myocutaneous flap. The skin and soft tissue defect was reconstructed using the skin paddle of the ALT flap. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. An MRI examination demonstrated good continuity of the reconstructed patellar tendon. The active ROM of the injured knee reached 100 degrees (extension deficiency 20 degrees and flexion 120 degrees ) at 5 years. Objective functional assessment of the patella-femoral joint utilized a kinetic communicator machine (Kin-Com 500H, Chattecx, Chattanooga, TN, USA) revealed still mild extension insufficiency. However, the patient reported that he was able to perform normal daily activities without difficulty at 5-year follow-up.
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PMID:Reconstruction of knee joint soft tissue and patellar tendon defects using a composite anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata. 1821 3

The aim of this study was to evaluate observer performance using T1-weighted spin-echo and fluid-sensitive MRI sequences in distinguishing between lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumour/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDL). Magnetic resonance images of 51 patients with benign lipoma and ALT/WDL of the musculoskeletal system were reviewed. There were 33 benign lipomas and 18 ALT/WDL. The character of septa and nodularity of the fatty tumours on T1-weighted spin-echo sequences and the presence of high signal on fluid-sensitive sequences were assessed. Two independent observers took part. Observer agreement was measured. The two observers achieved sensitivities of 100 and 94% for T1-weighted images and 100% each for fluid-sensitive sequences. Specificities were 76 and 64% for T1-weighted and 70 and 73% for fluid-sensitive images. Observer agreement was very good (kappa 0.87 for T1-weighted and 0.88 for fluid-sensitive images). In distinguishing lipoma from ALT/WDL, observer performance was comparable using T1-weighted and fluid-sensitive MR sequences. High sensitivity and moderately high specificity were attained.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumour/well-differentiated liposarcoma: observer performance using T1-weighted and fluid-sensitive MRI. 1837 26


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