Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sets of survey specimens having known linear interralationships were analyzed on four occasions by approximately 450 laboratories for the five enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The results are summarized in terms of the apparent precision and relative accuracy of various analytical systems, and some apparent problems in enzyme assays are identified. The results show that interlaboratory differences in enzyme analyses are not due primarily to differences in the way laboratorians utilize their analytical systems but rather are due to fundamental differences in the instruments and reagents supplied to the laboratorians. The attainment of interlaboratory comparability of enzyme analyses is a problem that can best be addressed by the manufacturers of instruments and reagents, rather than by individual laboratorians.
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PMID:The 1978 College of American Pathologists survey of analyses of five serum enzymes by 450 laboratories. 47 5

The hypothesis that the prior intake of barbiturates may predispose patients to form increased amounts of oxalate following the intravenous infusion of xylitol was investigated in the rat. Phenobarbitone pre-treatment resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in urinary [14C] oxalate concentration following the intraperitoneal injection of [U-14C] xylitol or [l -14C] glycollate. The absence of any marked changes in urine volumes and creatinine excretion implied that this increase in urinary oxalate excretion was due to the enhanced synthesis of oxalate. The activities of key enzymes in hepatic oxalate synthesis, glycollate oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, catalase and alanine aminotransferase were not altered by phenobarbitone pre-treatment. It is suggested that the increased activity of the microsomal mixed function oxidases, following phenobarbitone treatment, may facilitate the oxidation of glycollate and possibly xylitol. This communication leads experimental support to the concept that the prior intake of drugs, such as barbiturates, may predispose patients to form increased amounts of oxalate.
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PMID:Oxalate excretion in rats injected with xylitol or glycollate: stimulation by phenobarbitone pre-treatment. 48 83

The 2-n-propyl (pr) and 2-n-butyl (bu) methylenedioxyindenes (MDIs) developed in our laboratories are intracellular calcium antagonists with coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic actions. Acute toxicity studies resulted, in mice, in an iv LD50 of 40 and 32 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively, and an ip LD50 of 185 mg/kg for both MDIs. In rats, the ip LD50 was 175 and 240 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively. An iv dose of 16 mg/kg decreased motor activity and prolonged barbiturate sleeping time in mice, but did not affect conditioned avoidance behavior or motor coordination tests. In sub-acute toxicity studies, rats received daily for 4 weeks 26.25 or 52.5 mg/kg ip of either MDIs, while mice received 23.13 or 46.25 mg/kg ip of either MDIs. No alterations were observed in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, uric acid, prothrombin time, and bromsulphalein retention. Blood glucose was slightly lowered. Serum calcium was slightly lowered in male mice. The higher dose of pr-MDI elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in rats. Both MDIs elevated serum isocitric dehydrogenase in male rats. Light microscopic examination of brain, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, and myocardium showed no anomalies resulting from the 4-week MDI treatment, and electron microscopic examination of hepatocytes revealed no deleterious effects of either MDIs.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of new calcium antagonists: 2-substituted 3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes. 51 12

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
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PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

A prospective study of liver enzymes and other measurements following repeat administrations of halothane or enflurane was carried out in patients undergoing minor urological operations. The patient populations were similar with respect to frequency of factors which might influence liver function, social habits, drug therapy and time intervals between administrations. Sixty-three received two or more administrations of halothane and 66 received two or more administrations of enflurane, both drugs given with nitrous oxide in oxygen. There was a greater frequency of increased enzymatic activity following repeat administrations of halothane than following enflurane and the average alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were increased to a greater degree following halothane than enflurane. There was no change in the eosinophil count and no significant postoperative morbidity. Change in alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase occured more frequently in obese patients receiving halothane.
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PMID:A prospective study of liver enzyme and other changes following repeat administration of halothane and enflurane. 52 79

Studies on organ homogenates of 22 one-year-old healthy geese indicated ubiquiternal distribution of GOT and GPT transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, aldolase and kreatine phosphokinase, without the presence of any pronounced organ specificity of some of the named enzymes. It is presumed that the investigation on these enzymes in goose blood serum can be of use only for determining the degree and the course of a given disease, but not for organ-localization of the disease's process.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity study of the organs and blood serum of geese]. 53 93

An investigation of the relationship of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the pineal gland of the adult female albino rats was carried out during seven definitive stages of the estrous cycle: Early Estrus (E1), Late Estrus (E2), Metestrus (ME), Early Diestrus (D1), Late Diestrus (D2), Preproestrus (PPE) and Proestrus (PE). Controlled housing conditions were maintained on 7:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M. light-dark cycle. The animals were necropsied at precise times after the onset of estrus and subsequent stages of the cycle. Comparative histochemical and biochemical analysis revealed the following for SDH activity: E2 greater than E1 greater than D2 greater than D1 greater than PPE greater than PE greater than ME; and for LDH activity: PE greater than E2 greater than ME greater than D1 greater than PPE greater than E1 greater than D2. Interrelationships are postulated between pineal SDH, GOT, GPT, and estrogen concentrations in the rat.
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PMID:Dehydrogenase activity of the pineal gland during the estrous cycle. 56 72

Investigations were performed to evaluate the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate-dehydrogenase enzymes in rats intoxicated by different doses of carbon disulfide. Serum GOT and GPT activities were elevated which may be due to CS2 effect on cell membrane permeability. Serum-alkaline-phosphatase activity showed also increment, which was again attributed to the liver affection. A significant rise in serum-lactate-dehydrogenase activity which was referred to be as a result of muscle-lactate dehydrogenase release into the blood circulation.
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PMID:Serum enzyme changes associated with carbon disulfide hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. 60 28

The administration of 350 microgram T-2 toxin to six-week-old chickens by intramuscular injection produced a temporary reduction in food intake, changes in plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, increases in plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, falls in the activities of plasma acid and alkaline phosphatases, a reduction in the weight of the pancreas, enlargement of the liver and an apparent exacerbation of hepatic haemorrhage. It also delayed and reduced the hyperlipaemic response to the injection of oestradiol-17beta-dipropionate. These changes were attributed to cytotoxicity involving the liver, intestine and possibly muscle, and an inhibition of enzyme synthesis.
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PMID:Biochemical changes produced by Fusarium T-2 toxin in the chicken. 62 8

Blood sampling by catheterisation of the abdominal aorta to test plasma haemoglobin and various plasma enzyme activities was compared with two other blood sampling techniques and their application to farm-kept minks under general anaesthesia, cardiac puncture and tail-tip amputation. The plasma haemoglobin values in plasma obtained from the abdominal aorta were significantly lower than those recorded from the two other blood sampling techniques, which applied to plasma enzyme activities, as well. Those findings were equal for males and females. The plasma enzyme activities tested were glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase. Some plasma enzyme actvities were tested from a random sample of 164 animals for sex-dependence (88 males and 76 non-pregnant unserved females), with no consideration being given to blood sampling techniques. The standards or physiological indices derived from those tests are reported.
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PMID:[Morphology and biochemistry of various Mustelidae. 2. Effect of different blood collection technics on various plasma enzyme activities in Mink (Mustela vision Schreber, 1777)]. 74 38


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