Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Adult rats were subjected to a brief period of diethyl ether anaesthesia and were given diets with 200 or 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation in the post-anaesthesia period. Nitrogen retention was measured as well as liver protein content and liver and muscle transaminase activities (L-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), (EC 2.6.1.1), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT)(EC 2.6.1.2). 2. Results demonstrated that anaesthesia-stressed rats consuming the high-protein diet with supplemental arginine and glycine retained twice as much N as did rats given the diet with 200 g casein/kg alone, for the first 5 d post-anaesthesia. 3. Anaesthesia-stressed animals consuming the diets with 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation did not differ from each other in N retention. 4. Liver protein content increased after anaesthesia in rats given the high-protein diets; liver transaminase activity increased, whereas muscle transaminase activity decreased, in animals consuming the high protein diets. 5. Possible mechanisms to account for these results are discussed.
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PMID:Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine. 2. Effect of diethyl ether anaesthesia on N retention. 85 75

Effects of choline fortification and various dietary protein levels on liver lipid content in pyridoxine-deficient rats were studied. Choline fortification did not prevent the accumulation of liver lipids in pyridoxine-deficient rats. Considerable accumulation of liver lipids was observed in the 70% casein pyridoxine-deprived group. Reducing the protein level in the diet decreased the extent of lipid accumulation. A highly negative correlation was found between liver lipid content and liver GPT activity, indicating that the fatty infiltration of the liver may be intimately related to the pyridoxine deficiency state. The time course of fatty liver induction upon feeding of a 70% casein pyridoxine-deficient diet was also studied. The liver lipid content increased gradually and reached the highest value by the third week with a concomitant decrease in food intake. Effect of change of dietary compositions on fatty liver caused by 70% casein pyridoxine-free diet was examined. Feeding of a 70% casein pyridoxine-supplemented diet or a 20% casein pyridoxine-free diet caused decreases in the liver lipids.
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PMID:Factors affecting liver lipid content in pyridoxing-deficient rats. I. Dietary protein levels. 101 Oct 44

The effects of 2 liquid formula diets differing in protein source were evaluated in orphan foals. The response of 7 foals fed a diet containing casein as the protein source, and 6 foals fed a diet containing a combination of whey and casein, was compared with the response in a reference group of 8 mare-raised foals. Orphaned foals were fed 150 kcal/kg of body weight/d, divided into 6 equal feedings of 25 kcal/kg. Formula intake was comparable among the experimental groups, and foals fed the liquid formula diet grew as well as mare-raised foals. There was no difference among groups in mean daily body weight gain, wither height, heart girth, body temperature, pulse, respiration rate, capillary refill time, or skin tenting. Insulin and blood glucose concentrations increased in both groups of foals fed formula diets, returning to prefeeding values within 4 hours. Differences among groups were found for serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose values; all other serum chemical values were comparable among groups. Plasma amino acid determinations revealed that arginine and ornithine were significantly lower in foals in both experimental groups than in reference foals, suggesting that arginine may have been the limiting amino acid in these diets. Diarrhea developed in foals in all treatment groups, but in most cases was self-limiting. These results suggest that the protein source of liquid formula diets may be less important in foals than in infants.
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PMID:Effect of protein source in liquid formula diets on food intake, physiologic values, and growth of equine neonates. 145 45

Groups of 15 male rats were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks standard diet containing 0, 2.5, 5 or 10% rapeseed protein isolate (RPI), 2.5, 5 or 10% rapeseed extraction residue (RER) or 10% casein. Body weight gain and food intake were recorded weekly. Clinical chemistry analyses, haematology, urinalysis, organ weights and histology were performed terminally. Serum alanine aminotransferase was decreased by RPI, RER and casein, while serum albumin only increased in rats fed RER. Microscopic examinations revealed abnormalities in liver and kidneys of animals at the 10% RPI, RER and casein levels. The absolute liver weights showed increases in the 5 and 10% RER groups and in the 10% RPI group. The relative kidney weights were reduced at all RER levels and in the 2.5% RPI group. Antithyroid activity of the rapeseed products were not noted.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of rapeseed products in a subacute feeding study in rats. 150 75

Casein was modified by glucose, diacetyl, or hexanal at 50 degrees C, RH 75% for 1, 7, or 11 days. The chemical changes and digestibility in vitro of these nondialyzable caseins were investigated. The effects of these nondialyzable caseins supplemented with lost amino acids, on rats were studied by pair-feeding for 2 months. It was observed that internal organs such as liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon and rectum were mostly unchanged. Biochemical values such as hematocrit, cholesterol, triglyceride, GPT, and GOT were also unchanged. However, the quantity of leucocytes was increased and serum glucose was decreased by feeding rats with modified caseins. Significant decrease in weight gain of rats fed with modified casein was observed, and the rate of decrease depended on the degree of modification of casein by carbonyl compounds. From these results, we supported the suggestion that some inhibitory or antinutritional compounds might be formed during the modification of casein by carbonyl compounds.
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PMID:Nutritional and physiological effects of casein modified by glucose, diacetyl, or hexanal. 208 80

The toxic activities of Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) in experimental rats, its relations to the nutritional condition and dental caries development, were studied for three months. Adlloy, 0.3 g or 3 g per body weight (kg), was fed orally with the basal diet consisting of casein, sucrose, bean oil, mineral, and vitamin mixtures. Biochemical assays of serum was carried out for total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, glucose, urea, creatine, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and GPT. There was no convincing evidence of toxic effects on growth and biochemical data by the oral feeding of Addloy-OH.
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PMID:[Toxic activities of the Ga-Sn alloy (Adlloy-OH) on nutritional condition and dental caries development in rats]. 213

The influence of diets containing faba bean or casein as sources of protein were studied in rats at two stages of development. A significant impairment of growth rate, carcass, liver and skeletal muscle were found in young and adult rats fed for a period of 10 days on raw legume. Urinary urea output and the activities of three amino acid degrading enzymes: arginase, alanine aminotransferase and arginine succinate synthetase were all affected by the dietary protein and the stage of development. Urinary creatinine excretion was higher in the adult rats, while serum cholesterol was slightly increased in the young ones. Changes in plasma zinc may be attributed to a reduced zinc bioavailability to rats from the faba bean diet. Other biochemical parameters measured (glucose, triglycerides and plasma proteins) remained unchanged in all the experimental groups. Liver DNA and RNA content (mg/g tissue) decreased with age in both dietary groups, which were accompanied by an increase in tissue size. Furthermore, liver RNA concentration (primarily a measure of protein synthesis capacity) was enhanced in the adult legume fed rats. In this context, it is suggested that other organs (particularly muscle, with lower amino acid requirements for protein synthesis as a consequence of the stunting of growth) could contribute to increase the amino acid supply to liver in the animals fed on the faba bean diet.
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PMID:Induced biochemical and physiological changes in young and adult growing rats fed on a vegetable or animal protein diet. 243 60

Studies were carried out on the effect of various cadmium doses, which were given to growing rats in diet. A 42-day biological experiment was carried out on male growing Wistar rats. The animals divided into groups were given diets containing cadmium in amounts of 50, 100 and 200 ppm and diet with no adding cadmium. The diets contained 20% of protein in equal amounts from wheat gluten and casein. It was demonstrated that cadmium had a significant influence on diet intake and growth of rats. The absorption from diets containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm of cadmium was about 30 to 48%. The more cadmium was absorbed, the most was in blood and rat liver. Anaemia was noted in animals, which were given diets with cadmium. Rats had a low level of haematocrit and haemoglobin in plasma. It was shown that cadmium intake caused a significant decrease in plasma albumin concentration and increase of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity.
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PMID:[Effect of various cadmium doses in the diet on the body of growing rats]. 263 83

Food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations, liver amino acid catabolic enzyme activities, and whole-brain neurotransmitter and metabolite concentrations were measured in young rats adapted for 11 d to diets containing from 5 to 75% (in increments of 5%) casein. Food intake was depressed initially in rats fed diets containing 5, 10% or greater than 35% casein. For the duration of the experiment, food intakes of the groups fed the higher protein diets improved on successive days; the length and severity of the depression were proportional to the protein content of the diet fed. Rats fed low levels of protein grew poorly, and their food intake remained depressed. The gradual improvement in growth and food intake of rats fed diets containing more than 35% casein was accompanied by dramatic increases in the activities of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH, EC 4.2.1.16) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.1) in liver. The increase in amino acid catabolic activity was accompanied by decreases in the concentrations of most amino acids in plasma and brain. However, concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, in both plasma and brain, increased in direct proportion to the protein concentration of the diet fed. As a result of these reciprocal responses, the total concentration of indispensable amino acids in brain (IAA) was maintained within a narrow range of values, despite a sixfold range of protein intakes. Whole-brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were not correlated with dietary protein concentration, total food intake or protein intake. Brain concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were correlated inversely with protein intake and that of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was correlated directly with food intake. Protein intake appeared to be related to the animal's ability to maintain brain total IAA content between some upper and lower limits. Our results indicate that this was accomplished initially through downward adjustment of protein intake and subsequently through an increase in catabolic capacity for the amino acids.
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PMID:Adaptation of rats to diets containing different levels of protein: effects on food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and brain neurotransmitter metabolism. 285 80

The objective of the present work was to study the influence of protein quantity and quality on some biochemical parameters in the liver, brain and plasma of rats at 51 days of age. This profile was sketched through the weight of the liver and brain and their content of DNA, RNA and protein and through the total amount of protein, the ratio NE/E and the activity of transaminase GOT and GPT in the plasma. During gestation and lactation, diets of 20% casein, 8% casein and 8% corn were used. At weaning, five experimental groups, with and without nutritional recuperation, were established. As a result, it was observed that the groups fed on a hypoprotein diet (8% casein or 8% corn) were the most seriously compromised in body weight and biochemical parameters with the group fed on corn being the most seriously affected. The animal which were recuperated nutritionally presented a net improvement in all of the parameters. However, the values describing the development of the body and organs in these groups remained inferior to those obtained in the control group. The success of reversibility will depend on the phase of development during which malnutrition occurred and the duration and intensity of the original deficit and the subsequent rehabilitation treatment. Organs in a phase of accelerated development will be especially sensitive to the irreversible effects of malnutrition.
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PMID:Effects of protein deficiency and rehabilitation on growth and tissue composition in growing rats. 383 23


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