Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We determined the recovery time courses of muscle oxidases and liver enzymes after iron administration to iron-deficient rats. Female 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-deficient (3 mg Fe/kg) or a control (50 mg Fe/kg) diet for 3 wk. The deficient rats were then injected with 50 mg Fe as iron dextran/kg body wt (Fe-T) or saline (Fe-) intraperitoneally. At 16, 40, 64, 112, and 180 h after injection, blood and tissue samples were taken to determine hemoglobin concentration (Hb), gastrocnemius glycolytic enzyme and oxidase activities, and liver amino acid catabolic enzyme activities. No changes were observed in any parameter across time in either the Fe- or control (Fe+) rats. In the Fe- rats, Hb, pyruvate + malate (P + M), 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), and succinate oxidases (SO) were depressed to 33, 36, 44, and 7% of Fe+, respectively (P less than 0.05). At 16 h, Fe-T values were significantly elevated compared with Fe- rats but still only 40, 48, 55 and 10% of controls, respectively. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and alanine aminotransferase (AAT) of Fe- rats were 174 and 134% of control values (P less than 0.05). By the 180-h time point, Hb, P + M, 2-OG, and SO of Fe-T rats increased to 99, 84, 89, and 43% of Fe+ values, whereas GDH and AAT activities declined to 111 and 106% of controls. Glycolytic enzymes showed no systematic changes with iron deficiency or after iron administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reciprocal changes of muscle oxidases and liver enzymes with recovery from iron deficiency. 292 6

Fifty-nine children treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were evaluated for abnormalities of liver function in order to monitor chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-one patients (36%) had elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a pattern consistent with either drug-induced hepatocellular injury or non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. These 21 patients (Group 1) were compared with the other 38 children (Group 2) with regard to a number of clinical and laboratory characteristics. Patients in Group 1 were older (P = 0.002) and had lower platelet counts (P less than 0.001) and hemoglobin values (P = 0.075) at diagnosis than Group 2 patients. The median number of units of blood products transfused was significantly greater in Group 1 patients (9.0 versus 1.0 units, P less than 0.001). The two groups were similar with regard to chemotherapy regimens. Children with ALL who present at an older age and who have more marked anemia and thrombocytopenia require more blood transfusions and are more likely to develop elevated ALT values in a pattern consistent with acute or chronic NANB hepatitis. These findings suggest a predominant role of NANB posttransfusion hepatitis--rather than or in addition to chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury--as a cause for elevated ALT values in children with ALL. In view of the potentially serious consequences of NANB hepatitis, a change in transfusion support practices may be warranted.
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PMID:Elevated serum transaminase values during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia correlate with prior blood transfusions. 313 78

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, ascites, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A cervical lymph node was biopsied and diagnosed as a diffuse mixed cell type B-cell malignant lymphoma with positive cytoplasmic IgM in plasmacytoid lymphocytes and immunoblasts. Serum protein electrophoresis disclosed a monoclonal peak and immuno-electrophoresis identified the abnormal protein as IgM kappa(k). Serum immunoquantitation revealed an IgM level of 1470 mg/dl. Bence-Jones protein of the k type was positive in the urine. Cryoglobulin with the characteristics of IgM was present in the serum. In peripheral blood, hemoglobin was 12.4 g/dl, WBC 26,500/microliters with increased abnormal cells and the platelet count 2.2 x 10(4)/microliters. Low fibrinogen and high FDP levels indicated the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Gabexate mesilate (FOY) was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/day for the DIC with very good response. After one course of combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, adriamycin), he achieved complete remission. However, three months later, he showed icterus and anorexia again with high levels of serum GOT and GPT and positive HBs antigen. On the 117th hospital day, he became abruptly developed right hemiplegia and coma. Cranial CT demonstrated massive thalamic bleeding in the left hemisphere with ventricular rupture, and he died on the same day.
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PMID:B-cell malignant lymphoma associated with monoclonal macroglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemia. 315 23

Blood analyses were performed concerning glucose, uric acid, potassium, total protein, s-GOT, S-GPT, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, ferritine, iron binding capacity (IBC), hemoglobin, thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid. Significant changes with regard to improving blood levels at the end of period L, compared with the initial position, could be registrated for the following parameters: uric acid, s-GPT, HDL-, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, IBC, thiamine, ascorbic acid. In both periods, the food volumes actually eaten served basically for the comparison of clinical-chemical parameters. Only a few subjects with inconvenient blood levels had an inadequate intake of the nutrient that was to be correlated with a blood parameter. On the other hand, every blood parameter showed subjects with levels above the average of the group, but averaging, at the same time, far beyond the group's nutrient supply.
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PMID:[Effect of an egg-milk-vegetarian diet on nutritional and blood status. II. Findings of a study on circulation, blood status; discussion]. 320 15

Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU), a substituted pyrimidine analog with antiviral activity, was given orally to beagle dogs (6/sex/dosage) at dosages of 0, 5, 12, and 30 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. Complete physical examinations, including ECG recordings and rectal temperature measurements, and clinical laboratory determinations were performed every 13 weeks. At the end of the dosing period, 4 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed and complete gross and microscopic examinations performed. The remaining 2 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed following a 13-week recovery period. BVDU had no effect on feed consumption, respiration, body temperature, or heart rate. At 30 mg/kg, males gained less weight than controls. At 12 mg/kg (males) and 30 mg/kg (both sexes) there were slight, but statistically significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume, but no changes in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, or hemoglobin, and no evidence of reticulocytosis. In males dosed at 30 mg/kg, during the last 6 months of dosing, partial thromboplastin times, serum alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased, and cholesterol decreased. Histologically, bile ductule hyperplasia and gall bladder epithelial hyperplasia were present at 12 and 30 mg/kg in both sexes at the end of both the dosing and recovery periods. At 30 mg/kg, bone marrow hypocellularity and testicular germ cell atrophy were also present in males. Thus, the liver and gall bladder are the major target organs of chronically administered BVDU in dogs. BVDU causes degenerative and proliferative hepatobiliary damage, and secondarily causes changes in clinical chemical parameters. At higher dosages, there are hypoplastic and degenerative changes in the bone marrow and testes.
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PMID:The chronic toxicity of bromovinyldeoxyuridine in beagle dogs. 320 11

The purpose of the study was to investigate the physiological assessment of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, in comparison to a usual mixed diet and to analyse the effect of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet on nutritional status and blood parameters. Following an initial study, 34 resp. 33 subjects, three of them male took part in two investigation periods each lasting three weeks. During the first period (N) the subjects ingested the normal mixed diet, while in the second period (L) they were fed a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. The female subjects were aged 52.6 +/- 14.3 years, the male subjects 47.7 +/- 12.7 years. In both periods food supply ensued from the central kitchen of a nunnery. While preparing the meals, the food intake and the amount of nutrients was assessed with precise weighing methods. Also, the individual food consumption of the total subjects was estimated using food records. The nutritional physiological evaluation was based on the daily consumption of energy and nutrients to assess the nutrient supply, by means of the recommended dietary allowances of the German Nutrition Society. At the beginning of period N and both at the beginning and the end of period L, blood tests of the following parameters were performed: serum glucose, uric acid, and potassium, total protein, total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, serum ferritin, serum iron, iron binding capacity, hemoglobin, s-GOT, s-GPT, thiamine, riboflavine, ascorbic acid. Measurements of body weight and height, body composition, skinfold thickness, circumferences, body surface, relative weight, blood pressure and sitting pulse rate completed the investigations. Furthermore, meal frequency and the daily individual energy requirement of the subjects were assessed by means of a diary of energy expenditure. On average, the daily energy consumption of women was 2020 +/- 611.3 kcal in period N, and 1970 +/- 592.4 kcal in period L. Consequently, there was a covering of energy requirements of 103% in period N and 99% in period L. Sources of energy consisted of 14% protein, 36.4% fat and 49.6% carbohydrates in period L, 13.6% protein, 39.6% fat, 44.7% carbohydrates and 2.1% alcohol in period N.
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PMID:[Effect of an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet on nutrition and blood status. I. Method, food consumption, administration of nutrients and anthropometry]. 343 23

d.d-T80-prallethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide for sanitary use, was administered to Crj : CD (Sprague Dawley) rats at concentrations of 120, 600 or 3,000 ppm in diet for one year to assess the chronic toxicity potential and the reversibility. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Chronic toxicity study 3,000 ppm : Decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and water intake were observed. Slight alopecia in the neck and/or back was noticed during the first and second weeks, but the animals were recovered thereafter. Slight anemic changes such as decreases in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV and MCH were observed in the females at 52 week. Blood biochemistry revealed increases in total cholesterol (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), phospholipid (in the males and females at 13, 26 and 52 weeks), albumin (in the males at 13 and 26 weeks, in the females at 52 week), total protein (in the males at 26 week, in the females at 52 week), A/G ratio (in the males at 13 week, in the females at 26 week), creatinine (in the males at 52 week), urea nitrogen (in the females at 52 week), GOT (in the males and females at 52 week) and GPT (in the males and females at 52 week), and decreases in triglyceride (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and alkaline phosphatase (in the males at 13 and 52 weeks). In urinalysis, an increase in bilirubin was observed in the males at 52 week. Gross-pathology revealed a lower incidence of accentuated lobular pattern of liver (in the males at 26 week) and a higher incidence of enlarged liver (in the males at 52 week). In organ weight, increases in liver (in the males and females at 26 and 52 weeks), kidney (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks) and thyroid weights (in the males at 26 and 52 weeks, in the females at 26 week), and decreases in spleen (in the females at 26 and 52 weeks) and adrenal weights (in the females at 52 week) were observed. Histopathological examination revealed a lower incidence of fatty metamorphosis in the liver of females at 52 week. 600 ppm: An increase in liver weight was observed in the males at 26 week. 120 ppm: No effect was observed. 2. Reversibility study Almost all the above chronic toxicities were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[One-year chronic dietary toxicity study of d.d-T80-prallethrin in rats]. 344 42

Stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) is advocated as an oxygen-transporting resuscitation solution. Hemoglobin has been shown to enhance endotoxin lethality when given intraperitoneally. It is possible that SFH could interact with endotoxin when used as an oxygen-transporting resuscitation system for trauma victims with contaminating wounds. To assess the effects of these two agents when given intravascularly, rabbits were infused with SFH (1.75 gm/kg) or albumin (controls; 1.75 gm/kg) with and without endotoxin. Two doses of endotoxin were used. At 14.5 ng/kg of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin, no effect was seen in the albumin group. However, 50% of the hemoglobin group died. At 14.5 micrograms/kg, the albumin group showed hematologic alterations, but all animals lived. All SFH-treated animals died at the higher endotoxin dose. SFH alone caused cardiac abnormalities (bradycardia in 100%, sinus arrhythmias in 30%, and ventricular arrhythmias in 20%), liver abnormalities (necrosis in 40% and 240% increase in alanine aminotransferase activity by 6 hours), and intravascular thrombi (30%). The only hemoglobin-induced abnormality that was more frequent in the presence of endotoxin was ventricular arrhythmias (up to 75% of animals). Thrombin times were approximately 20% larger in all SFH groups compared with the albumin groups. By 6 hours after infusion, endotoxin prolonged the thrombin time even further, despite the lack of fibrinogen consumption. This study shows that endotoxin and SFH exert synergistic toxicity when SFH is given in a clinically relevant dose for an oxygen-transporting resuscitation system. Only minute quantities of endotoxin are needed to produce this phenomenon. We hypothesize that this synergism is endotoxin enhancement of hemoglobin toxicity.
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PMID:Synergistic toxicity of endotoxin and hemoglobin. 352 17

A four-fold (P less than 0.001) mean increase in iron levels was found in 18 patients (a total of 36 courses of therapy) with ovarian cancer at the end of a 5-day course of cisplatin (40 mg/m2 per day every 4-5 weeks). The kinetics of these modifications began very early (24-48 h after initiation of therapy): they reached their maximum on the 4th-5th day, coinciding with the last drug administration, and basal levels were recovered after the 10th day. A subsequent eight-fold average increase (P less than 0.001) in ferritin serum levels, beginning 2 days after the iron changes, was observed, but showed a slower regression (after the 15th day). Reticulocyte counts were lowered (P less than 0.001) with the same time-course of the iron increases, but returned to pretreatment levels within 2 weeks. Total bilirubin and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase showed significantly delayed increases compared with iron. The results are in keeping with a reduced iron utilization by the erythroid precursors, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. There is no statistical correlation between the early iron increases and the subsequent hemoglobin nadir values.
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PMID:Changes in serum iron levels following very high-dose cisplatin. 358 20

Inspite of its non-inclusion in the prescribed list of food colors, orange II is extensively employed to color a variety of foodstuffs. Oral LD50 value of orange II in both male and female rats was calculated to be more than 10.56 g/kg body weight. In short-term studies, animals were exposed to diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 or 3.0% (w/w) of orange II, daily for 90 days. Hematological examination revealed a slight decrease in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content, whereas leucocyte count, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed normal values. There was no change in the activities of LDH, GOT, GPT, alkaline/acid phosphatases and bioconstituents, lactic acid, cholesterol and protein in serum as well as in liver, indicating normal functioning of the liver. Histopathological examination of various body organs such as liver, heart, lung, kidney, testes, adrenal, stomach, large and small intestine presented normal appearance. Animals receiving 3.0% orange II showed marked splenomegaly and deposition of Perl's positive iron pigments. Testicular LDH, hyaluronidase and lactic acid did not reveal any deviation from controls, suggesting normal spermatogenic process. No changes in testicular cholesterol, fructose content of coagulating glands and dorso-lateral prostate, and activities of alkaline phosphatase in seminal vesicle and acid phosphatase in ventral prostate support normal androgenic status.
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PMID:Acute and short-term toxicity studies on orange II. 362 8


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