Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood chemistry and cellular parameters were studied before, during, and after saturation (2.4 ATA) dives in the HYDRO-LAB habitat on two separate occasions. In both, platelet count fell greater than 20% 12-24 hours after surfacing and moderate (5%) reductions in hemoglobin, red-cell count, and packed-cell volume were observed. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were depressed postdive as were most plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT, CPK, LDH, ALP). The latter changes were very slight. In the first study, the incidental ingestion of aspirin by some divers did not prevent the loss of platelets even though the platelet-release reaction in response to ADP was inhibited. In the second study the platelet-suppressive drug VK744 was administered, on a double-blind randomized basis, to six divers, six others taking a placebo capsule. Dosage of VK744 was 300 mg TID for 2 days before, 5 days during, 3 days after saturation dive. The drug inhibited the postdive loss of circulatory platelets and in fact the treated group showed a rebound in platelet count above control values, 48-72 hours postdive. Megathrombocyte counts indicated the production of new platelets in both groups at this point. The treated group also showed a marked and significant reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, suggesting an antilipidemic effect of the drug. Theses results confirm previous observations and indicate that postdecompression loss of platelets may be related to sequestering of reactive platelets, possibly by microbubbles, and that the phenomenon can be inhibited by some antiplatelet drugs.
...
PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry in saturation diving: I. Antiplatelet drugs, aspirin, and VK744. 122 82

Presampling determination for hemoglobin has been pursued for a long time, but now it is becoming possible to examine further parameters such as SGPT (ALT). The SGPT predonation testing is best performed with the Reflotron system (Fa. Boehringer Mannheim) since whole blood samples drawn into capillary tube can be used. Between 1985 and 1988 1.35-1.75% of an average of 22,000 whole blood donations were found to have SGPT levels above the accepted cutoff (> 30 IU/l, 25 degrees C). The cost per test using the UV kinetics and the overall expenses of unusable collections were compared with the cost of SGPT predonation testing. An average of DM 20,000.-per year has been saved. Therefore prescreening of SGPT in blood banking is a highly cost-effective approach.
...
PMID:[Diagnosis of the presence of SGPT in blood donors]. 128 72

We sought to determine if there were any differences in the results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus (OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and 288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin (6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen (-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%), alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%), direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride (4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides (24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids (4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous plexus versus posterior vena cava. 132 Jan 64

Responses to the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Institutional Membership Questionnaire were submitted by 2126 regional blood centers, hospital-based blood banks, and transfusion facilities. Data from 2117 of these facilities were considered to be valid. The questionnaire included information on blood donor demographics, number of units collected, and collection procedures; services performed; usage of blood components; and transfusion-transmitted diseases reported during 1989. Institutional members collected 7.4 million whole blood units, of which 90.8 percent were donated for allogeneic use, 6.0 percent were donated for autologous use, and 3.2 percent were donated for directed use. Approximately 630,546 allogeneic and directed-use blood donors were deferred, most often for low hemoglobin or hematocrit values. Approximately 225,205 full allogeneic and directed-donor units were discarded, primarily for elevated alanine aminotransferase levels or the presence of hepatitis B core antibody. The 14.3 million transfused components included 56.7 percent red cell-containing components, 27.4 percent platelets, 11 percent fresh-frozen plasma, and 4.8 percent cryoprecipitate. Institutional members reported 1397 cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis. In this group, 921 patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen after the transfusion; 339 (36.8%) were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The AABB Institutional Questionnaire results provide recent data on blood donor and transfusion-related activities that are vital to the evaluation of current transfusion medicine practices.
...
PMID:Blood donation and transfusion practices: the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire. 132 95

While the clinical results of orthotopic liver transplantation have greatly improved, the viability of liver grafts and extension of the safe time for preservation are necessary factors in need of improvement. The liver is one of the organs most sensitive to anoxia. The addition of an oxygen carrying agent to the preservation solution was evaluated. Pyridoxalated hemoglobin-polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) is used as an oxygen carrier. Viaspan (UW) served as a control solution. Test solution (PHP+UW) composition was composed of a 1:1 mixture of PHP and UW solutions with hemoglobin 4.0g%, hydroxyethyl starch 2.5g%, osmolality 320 mOsm/kg H2O, and colloidal osmotic pressure 33 mmHg. The oxygen carrying capacity of PHP+UW solution is about 10 times higher than UW solution at 4 degrees C. Male Lewis rats (BW: 250-300 g) were divided into five groups. After flushing the solution via the portal vein, rat livers were harvested. Two preservation methods, simple storage and perfusion (0.1 ml/min/g liver), were studied at 4 degrees C for 24 or 48 hours. OxyHb, MetHb, pO2, pH, Na, K, GOT, and GPT of perfusate, hepatic mitochondrial functions after preservation, and tissue adenine nucleotides by HPLC were measured. Light microscopy on the tissue was also performed. No significant differences were noted in perfusate biochemical parameters. Oxygen consumption during the perfusion was significantly higher in the PHP+UW than in the UW group. Hepatic mitochondrial functions and tissue ATP levels were better preserved in perfusion than in simple storage, and in PHP+UW than in UW at 48 hours. The oxygen carrying agent, PHP, can provide significantly higher levels of oxygen to liver grafts and improve graft viability.
...
PMID:Does oxygen supply improve graft viability in liver preservation? 139 76

Chemopreventive agents benzyl selenocyanate (BSC) and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) were fed in NIH-07 diet to male and female F344 rats (4, 2, and 0.5 mg/kg/day for BSC and 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg/day for p-XSC) for 13 weeks. Weight gains were depressed for male and female rats fed 4 and 2 mg/kg/day BSC, females fed 0.5 mg/kg/day BSC, and male rats fed 20 and 10 mg/kg/day p-XSC. At necropsy, no clear treatment-related lesions were noted, but dose-dependent hepatomegaly was observed in both sexes of BSC and p-XSC groups. Plasma transaminases AST and ALT were elevated in the higher dose groups, while hemoglobin, HCT, and RBC were reduced in most BSC and some p-XSC treatment groups. Plasma glucose was reduced in BSC-treated males. Significant histologic findings included moderate to severe hepatic centrilobular hypertrophy with fatty change in all males and females in the 4 mg/kg/day BSC groups and in 9/15 males and 3/15 females in the 2 mg/kg/day BSC groups. Dose-dependent, mild centrilobular hypertrophy with minimal fatty change was observed in the mid- and low-dose BSC groups and in all p-XSC groups. Mild to moderate renal tubular and interstitial nephritis occurred in the 4 mg/kg/day male BSC group. Dietary maximum tolerated dose levels for chemoprevention studies are 0.5 mg/kg/day (3.0 ppm Se) for BSC and 5 mg/kg/day (32.5 ppm Se) for p-XSC, compared to literature values of 2-3 ppm Se for Na2SeO3.
...
PMID:Subchronic toxicity of benzyl selenocyanate and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate in F344 rats. 142 15

Fulvotomentosides (Ful) is the total saponins of Lonicera fulvotomentosa. In the present study, we examined the effects of Ful on cadmium (CdCl2)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Ful pretreatment (150 mg.kg-1, sc x 3 d) remarkably decreased CdCl2 (3.7 mg Cd.kg-1, iv)-induced liver damage as indicated by serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Distribution of Cd to 12 organs and hepatic subcellular fractions was determined 2 h after Cd challenge. Ful pretreatment did not produce a marked shift in the distribution of Cd to various organs, but markedly altered the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd, with more Cd bound to metallothionein (MT) in the cytosol, less in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. Ful pretreatment produced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic MT as determined by the Cd.hemoglobin assay. In conclusion, Ful protected against Cd hepatotoxicity by inducing MT, which binds Cd in the cytosol and lowers the amount of Cd available to other critical organelles and proteins.
...
PMID:Protective effects of fulvotomentosides on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. 144 1

Nineteen hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed for 91 healthy cats of both sexes (aged 1 to 48 months) that were bred and reared in our laboratory. Age-related changes were found for many parameters. Red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), Mean corpuscular constants, GPT, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) initially were low but increased then stabilized. White blood cell counts (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total bilirubin (TBil), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) initially were high, but decreased then stabilized. No age-related changes were found for GOT, blood urea nitrogen, or calcium. Of the parameters that changed with age, the mean corpuscular constants, GPT, GLU, and TG became stabilized during the first 3 to 4 months of life, but others (RBC, Hb, Ht, TP, ALB) became stabilized after 9 to 11 months, during which period body weight reached a plateau. Some parameters (WBC, ALP, TG, Pi) showed change up to 18 months of age. These results suggest that cats 9 to 11 months old can be regarded as adults; but for some parameters, cats aged 18 months, or older, are better regarded as adults. Sex-related differences in the values for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and WBC that were found after 11 months of age were higher in females. ALB was higher in males.
...
PMID:[Age-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cats]. 150 20

FEP and other hematological parameters were measured in 157 healthy rural residents (98 females and 59 males). The mean FEP in females was higher than in males (p less than 0.05); mean +/- SD = 62.98 +/- 19.36 and 54.57 +/- 21.20 micrograms/dl.pcv, respectively, although both of the means were within normal limits. There was no significant sex difference in erythrocyte ALA-D activity. Whole blood lead (Pb-B) level in females showed a tendency to be lower than in males, but there was no significant sex difference in erythrocyte lead level. The mean value of hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and iron in serum (Fe-S) were lower in females than in males (p less than 0.01). Serum GOT and GPT level tended to be lower in females than in males (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). There was hardly any significant relationship between Pb-B and each parameter of lead exposure, because the subjects in this study were only rural residents with no occupational lead exposure and with their Pb-B levels being extremely low. As for the parameters of anemia, Fe-S was positively correlated with Ht and Hb level and negatively correlated with FEP level. By sex, Fe-S was correlated with Ht and FEP level only in females. As for the possible reasons why FEP level in females in higher than in male, women tended to have iron-deficiency induced by blood loss due to menstruation, pregnancy, and difference in dietary pattern from males.
...
PMID:[Sex difference in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level. I. Sex difference in FEP level in healthy rural residents]. 151 90

1. The hematology and blood chemistry of 10 captive adult Ara rubrogenys is described. 2. They showed 3,650,000 erythrocytes/mm3, a hematocrit of 49.9% and a blood hemoglobin content of 15.2 g/100 ml. 3. Leukocyte number was 10,000 cells/mm3, the differential counts being 42.2% heterophils, 0.8% eosinophils, 2.4% basophils, 49.9% lymphocytes and 4.5% monocytes. 4. The number of thrombocytes was 21,800 cells/mm3. 5. Plasma composition was (mg/100 ml): glucose 295; triglycerides 102; cholesterol 166; urea 5.8; uric acid 5; creatinine 0.3; bilirubin was not detected and total protein concentration was 3.2 g/100 ml. Enzymatic activities were (units/1): GOT 188; GPT 10 and alkaline phosphatase 315.
...
PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry of macaws, Ara rubrogenys. 168 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---