Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine, we studied the cell kinetics of human hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis and alcoholic liver fibrosis. Specimens were taken either by biopsy or surgery and immediately incubated with 0.1% bromodeoxyuridine solution at 37 degrees C for 45 min. After in vitro labeling, the bromodeoxyuridine taken up by the nuclei of S-phase cells was determined by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, using an anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The number of positive nuclei in 1,000 hepatic cells was counted, and the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index was expressed per thousand. The mean bromodeoxyuridine labeling index +/- S.D. of the cancerous portion of hepatocellular carcinoma, the noncancerous portion of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis and alcoholic liver fibrosis were 64.1 +/- 31.3, 33.6 +/- 14.4, 23.2 +/- 20.8, 9.1 +/- 6.1 and 21.6 +/- 13.0, respectively. The mean bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of the hepatocellular carcinoma cancerous portion was statistically higher than that of any other group. There was no statistical difference by the t test or the Wilcoxon test between the noncancerous portion of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, and these two groups were proved interdependent by chi 2 test (Fisher's exact test), whether they were subdivided by bromodeoxyuridine labeling index greater than or equal to 10 or not. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling index was not significantly correlated with the usual biochemical parameters such as serum AST, ALT, gamma-GTP, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, albumin, and alpha-fetoprotein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:S-phase cells in diseased human liver determined by an in vitro BrdU-anti-BrdU method. 284 68

A 57-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis is reported. He was admitted to the hospital with left leg pain. A diagnosis of bone metastasis of unknown origin was based on X-ray films. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly. Liver function tests showed a slight increase of alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. In serological tests, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were high. HBs antigen was negative. From the above data, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis]. 608 80

In an attempt to study the diagnostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum AFP concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 34 neonates and infants with obstructive hepatobiliary diseases and the results were compared with the normal ranges of AFP at this age. Eighteen of 24 infants with biliary atresia and four of six infants with neonatal hepatitis had raised AFP values. In only one of four infants with choledochal cyst, did the AFP value exceed the normal range. In 10 older children with this lesion, AFP was normal. Serum AFP concentrations in biliary atresia did not correlate with the serum bilirubin, s-GOT, s-GPT, anatomic type of the lesion or postoperative bile flow. From these observations, it would appear that the elevation of AFP in infantile cholestasis is unrelated to underlying diseases except in case of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Serum AFP concentrations in neonates with physiological jaundice, were seldom elevated, and showed a good correlation with serum levels of total bilirubin. Possible mechanisms causing this elevation of AFP may be different from those involved in infantile cholestasis.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein in infantile obstructive jaundice in comparison with the normal ranges. 616 59

Thirteen breast-fed one-month-old infants with prolonged jaundice not due to known causes were included in this study. All infants were investigated at one and twelve months of age. Serum concentrations of total (TB) and conjugated bilirubin (CB), aspartate (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) and the two primary bile acids; cholic (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were determined at both ages. The Pi-phenotype of alpha-1-AT was determined at the age of twelve months. The serum concentrations of TB, CB, AP and AFP were elevated at the age of one month but were normal at the age of twelve months. No changes in the serum concentrations of ASAT or ALAT were observed between one and twelve months of age, and the values were within the reference ranges. The serum concentrations of alpha-1-AT were within the reference range at both ages. Two infants were heterozygous for MZ, and they had normal serum alpha-1-AT concentrations. The serum concentrations of CA and CDCA were elevated at the age of one month and were still significantly elevated at the age of twelve months indicating that the infants had slight cholestasis at the age of one month, and that the cholestasis had largely subsided by the end of the first year of life.
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PMID:Cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, alpha-1-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin serum concentrations in breast-fed infants with prolonged jaundice. 617 51

The serum enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (sGPT) were determined longitudinally in 51 patients with a disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumor. Elevated levels of one or more enzymes before chemotherapy were observed in 13 patients, all with stage III disease. If, after two cycles of chemotherapy, the established tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic-gonadotropin (HCG) and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were normalized, the initially increased enzyme activities were declined to normal values as well. Peaking concentrations of one or more of the tumor markers during induction chemotherapy, probably due to tumor cell lysis, were found in 34 of 45 marker-positive patients (76%). In addition, increases of one or more of the investigated enzyme activities were also noticed in 20 patients. In 76% of these patients the highest point of the tumor marker concentration coincided well with that of the enzyme activities. Indications are given that the peak activities were probably not caused by liver damage. Enzyme elevations were also found in 3 out of 7 patients with progressive disease. The behaviour of the enzyme activities of GGT, AP, sGOT and sGPT in patients with a disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumor coincided with the known tumor markers. It favors the hypothesis that these enzymes are synthesized in the tumor. The mortality amongst stage III patients with or without initially raised GGT levels differed significantly (P less than 0.02). Finally, it is concluded that in patients with a non-seminomatous testicular tumor, sGOT, sGPT, GGT and AP cannot be used to diagnose liver function.
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PMID:The pattern of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamyl oxalate transaminase and serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase in patients with disseminated non-seminomatous testicular tumors. 620 Mar 28

6059-S, a new oxacephem antibiotic was applied in the clinical use of gynecological and obstetrical infection. 1. In obstetrical field, attention should be paid on choice of antibiotics in the case of maternal infection. Especially in the trimester of pregnancy, such drugs as ampicillin (ABPC) has been reported apparent unfavourable effects by decreasing the estriol (E3) level. 2. The comparative study between 6059-S, SBPC and ABPC was performed by various hormone level, including E3 (blood and urine), blood progesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), cortisol and human placental lactogen (HPL). 9 cases of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) (ranging from 28 approximately 36 weeks of pregnancy) was selected, including toxemia of pregnancy or complicated pregnancy of myoma of uterus and diabetes mellitus. The determination of hormone level, one drug (2g) out of three test drug was chosen at random and administered by intravenous infusion on 3 approximately 4 days after admission. After 5 days of interval, another test dose was given, and the evaluation between the drug effects was performed on the hormonal level. 3. Following the single administration of ABPC (2 g) by intravenous infusion, the decrease of urinary E3 reached 26% on the 2 days after injection. As for SBPC the decrease was 21%, while in cases 6059-S, no apparent change was determined. Statistical difference between 6059-S and ABPC 5% by chi 2 determination was found. On the other hormonal level, there was relatively great individual difference, and the apparent day by day change was undeterminable. 4. Clinical estimation of 6095-S on the gynecological infection was also performed on the 7 cases of patients. The overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. No adverse reaction was observed except one case elevation of S-GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical application of 6059-S in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Effects on gynecological infection and infection of trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)]. 645 70

Patients with chronic active hepatitis C and cirrhosis often develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferon (IFN) seems to be effective in some patients but whether it prevents carcinogenesis is unknown. In a prospective randomised controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of IFN-alpha in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection because of their high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. 90 patients with compensated chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis were randomly allocated to receive IFN-alpha (6 MU three times weekly for 12-24 weeks) (45 patients) or symptomatic treatment (45 controls), and were followed up for 2-7 years. In nine controls, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased to less than 80 IU/L but did not stay in the normal range. In 19 patients given IFN-alpha, ALT decreased to less than 80 IU/L (in seven patients, it became and stayed normal; p = 0.011, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). However, the mean change in ALT was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean change in peak alpha-fetoprotein values was smaller in patients given IFN-alpha than in controls (p = 0.021). The mean change in the serum albumin level was higher in the IFN-alpha group (p < 0.001). The histological activity index in the 12 IFN-alpha patients undergoing a second biopsy after therapy was improved (p = 0.031). Hepatitis C viral RNA disappeared in seven (16%) of the 45 IFN-alpha patients (95% CI, 7-29%) and in none of the 45 controls (0-8%; p = 0.018). Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in two (4%, 1-15%) IFN-alpha patients and 17 (38%, 24-54%) controls (p = 0.002, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The risk ratio of IFN-alpha treatment versus symptomatic treatment was 0.067 (0.009-0.530; p = 0.010 Cox's proportional hazards). IFN-alpha improved liver function in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis, and its use was associated with a decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Randomised trial of effects of interferon-alpha on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis. 854 66

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been determined in 86 cirrhotic patients who simultaneously underwent a complete clinical and analytical evaluation. 25.6% of patients had increased levels (19.1% of Child A, 21.9% of B and 33.3% of C) without any significative differences between Child groups. A correlation between AFP and some analytical findings has been found, being GPT included among the latter (r = 0.24, p = 0.023). No correlation has been found with different laboratory and clinical data. Our data suggest that hepatocyte lesion and/or regeneration play a role in the raise of AFP, although other mechanisms must be implied. Extremely high values, especially with a non active cirrhosis, hardly could be attribute to it, that is why AFP is still a good marker of malignant degeneration in these patients.
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PMID:[Serum alpha-fetoprotein in liver cirrhosis]. 768 38

Family history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as a risk factor of HCC. The pathogenesis is still uncertain. In order to evaluate the risk factors and to detect the small HCC. 721 asymptomatic family members (419 males and 302 females with a mean age of 40.21 years) of the index cases of HCC received a series of examinations including: serum GOT, GPT, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). HBsAg, Anti-HCV, and abdominal ultrasonography (US). Of the 18 patients with liver tumor detected by US. 6 were proved to be HCC, 8 were hemangioma, and the nature of the rest was undetermined. The US found 22 with cirrhosis, 24 with chronic liver disease, 133 with fatty liver, and 14 with a liver cyst. The incidence of HCC in our study was 0.96% in males (4 of 419 cases), and 0.66% in females (2 of 302 cases) which was much higher than that in the general population of Taiwan (0.025% in males and 0.01% in females). The positive rate of HBsAg in the participants, including all the newly detected HCC patients, was 46.5% (335 cases) which was also higher than the prevalence in Taiwan (15-20%). Male, sibling and liver cirrhosis seemed to have higher risk. These results suggest that family members of patients with HCC have a high risk of developing HCC. The hepatitis B virus may be the most important link. Early diagnosis is possible by screening the family members by means of AFP and abdominal US.
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PMID:Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma with familial tendency. 776 61

Plachitin formed of both poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (chitin) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), was used as an arterial chemoembolization therapy against unresectable liver cancer. One gram of Plachitin contained 300 mg of CDDP. The Plachitin particle was 50-100 microns in diameter. Plachitin particles (50-100 mg) were injected via hepatic artery once or twice every week, and the total amount of 300 mg was considered one course of this therapy. The size and number of tumors were measured by computer tomography (CT). Pharmacokinetics of this drug was also assessed by serum and urine platinum (Pt) concentration. Three patients underwent the chemoembolization therapy using plachitin particles. Case 1 had multiple hepatocellular carcinomas. The tumor regression rate was 39% after two courses of this therapy. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased from 1,182 ng/ml to 300 ng/ml. Case 2 suffered from bile duct cystadenocarcinoma. After three courses of the therapy, the tumor regression rate was 84.4%. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) decreased from 731 U/ml to 75 U/ml. Case 3 had synchronous multiple liver metastases from sigmoid colon cancer. The tumor regression rate was 77% after one course of the therapy. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 decreased from 406 ng/ml to 65 ng/ml and from 4,800 U/ml to 790 ng/ml, respectively. The response rate of the 3 cases was 66.7%. The peak levels of the serum Pt concentration of three patients were 0-0.4 microgram/g throughout the therapy, but peak urine Pt concentrations were observed during one course of the therapy of three patients ranging from 0.5 microgram/g to 3.2 micrograms/g, and decreased gradually for three weeks after the first course. Adverse effects of Plachitin particles for arterial chemoembolization were epigastralgia, nausea, fever, and elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These adverse effects were observed in all patients, but were transient. Catheter obstruction occurred in one patient (case 2). Cholecystitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and duodenal ulcer were noticed in case 3. No renal hypofunction was observed. Plachitin might be a useful agent for arterial chemoembolization therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer.
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PMID:[Intraarterial chemoembolization therapy for unresectable liver cancer using plachitin particles]. 794 46


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