Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A subacute toxicity study of pentavalent antimony (Sb) compounds, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and meglumine antimoniate (MA) was carried out in rats. Three groups of 10 rats each were treated with saline (control group), 300 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 or 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 of SSG for 30 d. A parallel study of similar type was conducted for MA. Compared with controls, drug-treated rats showed an impairment of feeding habits and retardation of weight gain (P less than 0.01) during the treatment period. In both SSG- and MA-treated rats there was a dose-related reduction in haemoglobin concentration (P less than 0.001), and hematocrit (P less than 0.001). Red cell count was reduced in SSG-treated rats only. Both drugs, however, significantly raised the white cell count (P less than 0.05). These changes were more pronounced with SSG them with MA. There was no change in MCV, MCH and MCHC. SSG, 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1, significantly raised AST (P less than 0.005), ALT (P less than 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.01). SSG-treated rats also had raised BUN (P less than 0.01) and creatinine (P less than 0.001), but no significant change in bilirubin levels. MA significantly raised AST (P less than 0.01), ALT (P less than 0.01), BUN (P less than 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (P less than 0.001), but had no appreciable effect on bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. Both SSG and MA decreased blood glucose levels (P less than 0.01) and induced proteinuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of pentavalent antimony compounds in rats. 135 78

Hepatic microabscesses have been described in immunosuppressed patients. However, there has been no previous report concerning hepatic microabscesses caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Recently, we experienced a 75-year-old male patient who had suffered from fever and upper abdominal pain for 4 days. His laboratory tests revealed an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (55 mm/hr), the white cell count was 7500/cumm with 82% segmented leukocytes, minimally elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Ultrasonography (US) showed multiple tiny hypo- or nearly anechoic lesions (3-8mm) diffusely scattered in both hepatic lobes. Some lesions were too small to be demonstrated and only distal acoustic enhancement posterior to the lesions could be noted. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan subsequently demonstrated the tiny hypodense and cystic lesions and confirmed the US diagnosis of microabscesses. Cultures of blood and liver aspirates showed E. coli. Although US and CT appearance of hepatic microabscesses caused by E. coli may be characteristic, it is not specific. Differential diagnosis should include multiple biliary hamartomas, and definite diagnosis should be made by needle aspiration.
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PMID:Hepatic microabscesses caused by Escherichia coli--US and CT appearance. 164 78

A total of 740 consecutive children aged between 6 months and 12 years who presented with acute encephalopathic illnesses during a three year period were assessed both clinically and by laboratory investigations. Cerebrospinal fluid was examined for the presence of cells or other abnormal substances, and any organisms were cultured. Blood examination included white cell count and estimations of haemoglobin, urea, glucose, and electrolyte concentrations and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. A firm diagnosis was established in 278 patients (38%). Pyogenic meningitis (n = 134), measles encephalopathy (n = 38), and electrolyte imbalance (n = 23) were important causes in this group, cerebral malaria (n = 4) was uncommon and there were no cases of Reye's syndrome. The diagnoses of the remaining 462 were combined under the heading 'acute unexplained encephalopathy'. Altogether 394 of the 462 patients underwent virological investigations for arboviruses and 92 (23%) had one or more indicators of Japanese encephalitis. No other arboviruses could be isolated. Throat swabs from 187 patients with acute unexplained encephalopathy were studied on monkey kidney tissue cell lines of which 14 were positive (8%). These were identified as adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, poliomyelitis, Coxsackie, and echovirus; in two cases the virus was untypable. Japanese encephalitis is an important cause of acute childhood encephalopathy in this region. Clinical features of the illness may be mimicked by several disorders which require specific treatment. Thirty four of the 92 died (37%).
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PMID:Virological investigations of acute encephalopathy in India. 203 25

The popularity and the promise of frozen red cells during the 1970s were largely attributable to logistic problems associated with 21-day storage and to the fringe benefits of white cell and plasma depletion that minimized alloimmunization and febrile transfusions and, it was speculated, reduced the risk of HBV transmission. Filtration, particularly with the new generation of filters now appearing on the market, promises to achieve an equivalent reduction in white cells at a fraction of the cost and inconvenience. Donor testing for HBV and anti-HIV and, as would appear from recent data, the ALT assay as a surrogate test for non-A, non-B hepatitis, have reduced the incidence of transmission of these diseases below the level where either evaluating or utilizing red cell freezing would be practically or economically feasible. The use of frozen red cells following rejuvenation will certainly be replaced by effective resuspension solutions that will permit rejuvenation, washing, and additional weeks of refrigerated storage. Barring some wholly unexpected and improbable development bringing the cost and convenience of frozen red cells close to those of refrigerated cells, there is little reason to believe that frozen red cells will find applications in the civilian market, except for the storage of rare types and, possibly, the prevention of CMV transmission in the foreseeable future. The original goal of red cell freezing, to make long term storage possible, has been fully realized. The rest is history.
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PMID:Frozen red cells. 252 May 48

Biochemical and haematological data obtained over five consecutive years are presented on the male workforce of a large chemical company. The data have been subjected to statistical analysis and quantify the influence of age and the month of the year in which the samples were taken. The red cell count, white cell count, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase and creatinine show significant and consistent seasonal variations. The previously published work on the influence of age on several indices is confirmed. Biochemical screening may be a method of detecting early signs of toxicity in man but such factors as age, sex and season must be taken into account when comparing the results obtained from exposed and non-exposed groups.
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PMID:Seasonal variations in haematological and biochemical parameters. 378 38

A randomized double-blind study was performed to compare the side effects of long-term chemoprophylaxis of malaria with Fansidar (1 tablet a week) with those of a 300-mg weekly chloroquine regimen. This study was designed as a field trial with Austrian industrial workers in Nigeria and included 173 volunteers, 86 taking Fansidar and 87 taking chloroquine for 6 to 22 months. Only a few complaints were reported during that time, gastrointestinal disorders predominating in the Fansidar group and insomnia in the chloroquine group (3 cases each). The other complaints in both groups included one case each of skin rash and of visual disturbance, as well as one case of facial erythema after alcohol consumption in the Fansidar group and one of hair loss in the chloroquine group. Laboratory checks were performed at 3-monthly intervals, and included white and red cell counts, platelet counts and determination of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. There were no signs of drug-associated liver damage. In the Fansidar group there occurred a slight and transient decrease in the red cell count and in the chloroquine group a slight and transient decrease in the white cell count. Although statistically significant, these changes were without clinical significance. It is noteworthy that there were no cases of leucopenia in the Fansidar group. With the exception of one volunteer, who had discontinued his prophylactic drug regimen, malaria did not occur. Antibodies against blood stage parasites as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), however, could be found at different stages of the study, which indicates that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term prophylaxis with fansidar: a randomized double-blind study in Nigeria. 615 20

Peritoneal lavage, when used in the standard way to detect hemoperitoneum, gives no information regarding site or nature of injury. We think that it would be useful for the surgeon to be more able to characterize intraabdominal injuries preoperatively, and that this may be possible by extending the scope and duration of the technique of peritoneal lavage. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the use of sequential peritoneal lavage with extended chemical analysis to precisely define the nature and extent of hepatobiliary trauma in an animal model. Thirty-six dogs were divided randomly among one control and four experimental groups in which sham laparotomy, blunt thoracoabdominal trauma, direct laceration of the liver, liver laceration plus bowel perforation, and gallbladder perforation were carried out. Sequential peritoneal lavage was performed over a six-hour experimental period with simultaneous serum and lavage samples analyzed for red and white blood cells, bile, and enzyme activity (GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase) at four test intervals up to six hours post injury. Our results demonstrate that enzyme activity is easily detectable in lavage effluent after blunt hepatic injury but not after penetrating trauma, and seems to correlate with the extent of hepatocellular disruption. Lavage white cell counts in excess of those anticipated for hemorrhage alone are present only in association with an inflammatory stimulus other than blood or bile. A lavage-to-serum-bilirubin ratio of one or more can be expected after gallbladder or extrahepatic biliary perforation. This information may be valuable in the emergency assessment of the trauma patient.
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PMID:Evaluation of experimental blunt and penetrating hepatobiliary trauma by sequential peritoneal lavage. 662 76

The single intravenous administration of T-2 toxin to calves (0.25 mg/kg body weight) caused a marked decrease in the total peripheral white cell count which correlated with a decline in the neutrophil count. The circulating lymphocyte and platelet counts were unaffected by the toxin. A decline of approximately 10% occurred in hematocrit following toxin administration. A small transient increase was observed in serum aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activity together with a transient increase in the BSP retention test. There was no consistent pattern in the alteration of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and serum alkaline phosphate activity was unaffected by the toxin. The results suggest that in cattle the liver may not be the primary target organ for the cytotoxin effects of T-2 toxin.
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PMID:Effect of T-2 toxin on bovine hematological and serum enzyme parameters. 670 98

AST levels from 11 untreated children with T-ALL were found to be significantly higher than those from 74 children with non-T disease. The enzyme was not related to haemoglobin or bilirubin levels nor to the presence of hepatosplenomegaly in any of the patients. It was correlated with the white cell count, but only in the T-cell group and not the remainder. It was also correlated with a parallel (but lesser) rise in ALT, but again only in the T-cell group. The blast cells themselves contained little or no transaminase activity, so it is probable that T-ALL produces more extramedullary tissue damage than non-T disease.
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PMID:T-lymphoblastic leukaemia and aspartate aminotransferase. 698 16

The new broad spectrum cephalosporin, cefuroxime, was used to treat 28 neonates with suspected or proved infection. All of them had had complications at birth or in early neonatal life which were known to predispose to infection. The treatment regimen consisted of intramuscular or intravenous cefuroxime (50 mg/kg twice a day) for 5 days. Previously, such infants would have received gentamicin with penicillin or ampicillin. Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 7 (25%) of them. All of these organisms were sensitive to cefuroxime. None of the babies had meningitis, but blood cultures from 2 gave positive results. There was significant clinical improvement in 27 of them after 5 days of treatment and each was well on discharge from hospital. Serum urea, total protein, albumin, and alanine transaminase levels were estimated before, during, and after cefuroxime treatment. There were no changes attributable to cefuroxime nor were any changes in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, or total differential white cell counts observed. There were no adverse clinical side effects. One hundred and ninety-four samples of serum were assayed for cefuroxime. The mean peak level after intramuscular injection (42.7 mg/l) was reached in 0.8 hours, and the mean trough level was 10.5 mg/l. The mean half-life of cefuroxime in infants aged less than 4 days was 5.8 hours. In 4 infants older than 8 days, it ranged from 1.6-3.8 hours. Half-life was not associated with birthweight. Cefuroxime is a safe, well-tolerated, and rapidly absorbed drug for the treatment of neonates with suspected or proved infections; it is a useful alternative to gentamicin, if the use of an aminoglycoside is not clearly indicated.
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PMID:Cefuroxime in the treatment of neonates. 706 95


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