Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferons exhibit antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Antiviral effects appear mainly mediated via 2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase and protein kinase proteins which inhibit viral components synthesis. Interferons also influence the immune system through various mechanism among whom an increased expression of HLA class I antigens on hepatocyte plasma membrane and the promotion of natural killer cell activity leading to the clearance of infected hepatocytes. We report the results of various alpha interferon therapeutic regimens in 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C. In our series, 20 patients (33%) achieved a complete response but 78% of them relapsed after therapy withdrawal. Predictors of good response include young age, low serum ALT levels and mild liver injury. On the contrary, cirrhosis is associated with a poorer response.
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PMID:[Chronic viral hepatitis and interferons: preliminary results in 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C and cellular mechanism of action]. 781 Feb 72

To study determinants of clinical outcome following HCV infection, viral kinetics, immune events, and intrahepatic cytokine markers were compared in 10 naive chimpanzees. Four of the animals cleared HCV; 6 developed persistent infections. All animals developed similar acute infections with increasing viremia from 1 to 2 weeks, followed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations and seroconversion. This viremia pattern consisted of a biphasic increase, a rapid slope (mean doubling time [t(2)] = 0.5 days) followed by a slower slope after the second week (t(2) = 7.5 days). This slowing of virus replication correlated in all animals with increased intrahepatic 2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (2OAS-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and was independent of disease outcome. An effective control of virus replication was observed following increases in intrahepatic interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA and ALT levels. Although this control was associated in all animals with a 2-log decrease in virus titer, the timing occurred approximately 2 weeks later in the chronic group (P <.05). Additionally, while cleared infections were characterized by a continual decrease in virus titer, the titers in the persistent infections reached a steady state level of 10(4) to 10(5) RNA copies/mL. This inability of the immune response to sustain viral clearance in the persistent infections was associated with a reduced intrahepatic CD3e and monocyte-induced protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) mRNA induction. In conclusion, these data indicate that, regardless of outcome, chimpanzees generate responses that control HCV replication during the early and late acute phase. However, the pathogenesis of HCV may be determined by a more rapid onset of the induced response and the cell population that migrates to the liver.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus kinetics and host responses associated with disease and outcome of infection in chimpanzees. 1572 17