Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of our study was the biochemical and functional examination of the liver during the therapy of familiar hyperlipoproteinemia by means of MevacorR (lovostatine) in comparison with the treatment by Vasosan S (cholestyramine). We examined 20 patients treated with a daily dose of MevacorR being 20-40 mg and, 18 patients treated with a daily dose of Vasosan S being 16-32 g for the period of 12 weeks. During the therapy the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) activity, functional test of the liver, biological half-time of antipyrine (t 1/2 antipyrine) were investigated at the onset and at the end of the study. We discovered that at the end of the treatments by MevacorR and Vasosan S the hypolipidemic effect increased (cholesterol p < 0.001, LDL cholesterol p < 0.001), and there was difference in the effect on HDL-cholesterol and in that on triacylglycerols. During the treatment we discovered that due to both medicaments the liver enzymes activity increased to a different extent. At the beginning of the study the antipyrine biological half-time statistically increased in both investigated groups, namely in comparison with the control group. At the end of the treatments in both groups the antipyrine half-time was prolonged, however not significantly. Prior to long-term therapy by hypolipidemics the authors recommend biochemical and functional examination of the liver. (Tab. 4, Fig. 8, Ref. 7.)
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PMID:[Biochemical and functional study of the liver during treatment of familial hyperlipoproteinemia with Mevacor (lovastatin) and Vasosan S (cholestyramine)]. 788 60

In previous studies we reported that the abnormality of the gamma-GTP level was found not only in hepatobiliary diseases but also in obesity and ingestion of alcohol in healthy individuals. In relation to this results, the present study deals with the relationship between abnormal gamma-GTP level in serum on the one hand and obesity and ingestion of alcohol on the other hand on the basis of test data for 1493 cases (1256 male cases, 237 female cases) who were examined in the short-term human dry dock managed by the Fukuoka University Hospital. To observe how results of various measurements including the degree of obesity and the amount of alcohol ingested exert effects on one another, principle component analysis was done by means of SAS statistic package for computer analysis. In men, as the first principle main components, obesity rate, Hb, Ht, RBC, GPT, gamma-GTP, LAP, GOT, triglyceride and total protein were extracted. As the second main principle components, alcohol, gamma-GTP, MCH, MCV, and HDL were extracted. Theses result demonstrate that the obesity is accompanied by variations in Hb, Ht, RBC and triglyceride and that digestion of alcohol is accompanied by variations in MCH, MCV and HDL in male. In women, components related to erythrocyte and transaminase along with the degree of obesity were extracted as the first main principle components, and principle components related to erythrocyte and alcohol were extracted as the second main components. In either case, alcohol and gamma-GTP were not included.
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PMID:[Studies on background of gamma-GTP abnormality in human multiphasic screening. (Part 2): Principle component analysis by SAS statistic package for computer analysis]. 790 15

Multiple regression analysis in 1493 cases (1256 male cases, 237 female cases) who were examined in the short-term human dry dock managed by the Fukuoka University Hospital, was done with gamma-GTP as the dependent variable and other parameters as the independent variables. As the result, 16 variables including LAP, alcohol, GPT, triglyceride, HDL and obesity rate were selected as the variables explaining gamma-GTP by stepwise methods in men. The standard regression coefficient of alcohol is shown to be greater than that of obesity on gamma-GTP. On the contrary, neither alcohol nor the obesity rate was included in this regression formula in women.
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PMID:[Studies on background of gamma-GTP abnormality in human multiphasic screening. (Part 3): Multiple regression analysis by SAS statistic package for computer analysis]. 790 16

We report the results of a randomized single-centre study designed to assess the effects of simvastatin on blood lipids, blood biochemistry, haematology and other measures of safety and tolerability in preparation for a large-scale multicentre mortality study. Six hundred and twenty-one individuals considered to be at increased risk of coronary heart disease were randomized, following a 2-month placebo 'run-in' period, to receive 40 mg daily simvastatin, 20 mg daily simvastatin or matching placebo. Their mean age was 63 years, 85% were male, 62% had a history of prior myocardial infarction (MI), and the mean baseline total cholesterol was 7.0 mmol.l-1. Median follow-up in the present report is 3.4 years. Eight weeks after randomization, 40 mg daily simvastatin had reduced non-fasting total cholesterol by 29.2% +/- 1.1 (2.03 +/- 0.08 mmol.l-1) and 20 mg daily simvastatin had reduced it by 26.8% +/- 1.0 (1.87 +/- 0.07 mmol.l-1). Almost all of the difference in total cholesterol at 8 weeks was due to the reduction in LDL cholesterol (40.8% +/- 1.6 and 38.2% +/- 1.4 among patients allocated 40 mg and 20 mg of simvastatin daily respectively), but simvastatin also reduced triglycerides substantially (19.0% and 17.3%) and produced a small increase in HDL cholesterol (6.4% and 4.8%). These effects were largely sustained over the next 3 years, with 40 mg daily simvastatin producing a slightly greater reduction in total cholesterol at 3 years (25.7% +/- 1.9 reduction) than did 20 mg daily simvastatin (22.2% +/- 1.8). There were no differences between the treatment groups in the numbers of reports of 'possible adverse effects' of treatment or of a range of different symptoms or conditions (including those related to sleep or mood) recorded at regular clinic follow-up. Mean levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were slightly increased by treatment, but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups in the numbers of patients with significantly elevated levels. A slightly lower platelet count in the simvastatin group was the only haematological difference from placebo, with no difference in the numbers of patients with low platelet counts. In summary, the simvastatin regimens studied produced large sustained reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride and small increases in HDL cholesterol. They were well tolerated, with no evidence of serious side-effects during the first 3 years of this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Three-year follow-up of the Oxford Cholesterol Study: assessment of the efficacy and safety of simvastatin in preparation for a large mortality study. 800 29

Conventional laboratory tests: gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) were studied as possible markers of heavy drinking in a sample of 1,619 first-year university students in Helsinki. Alcohol consumption was measured on a frequency-volume scale. No significant (p < 0.001) correlation between the laboratory tests and reported drinking was found. However, significant differences between different drinking groups were found in GGT, MCV, and HDL-cholesterol in both female and male students and in cholesterol in male students. We conclude that, even if alcohol drinking has some impact on GGT, MCV, HDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol (males), these tests are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be used as screening tests for heavy drinking in young students.
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PMID:Conventional laboratory tests as indicators of heavy drinking in young university students. 809 94

Cholestyramine was used for the first time in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia by Tenneton in 1960 and it persist in the treatment to the present time. The authors had the opportunity to monitor under clinical conditions the hypolipidaemic action of cholestyramine - the preparation Vasosan (manufactured by AG Chemie, Germany) in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia of different origin, and also when associated with hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The authors revealed that Vasosan S reduced significantly total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B even after brief treatment (12 weeks) even when there is also hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The decrease of triacylglycerols is not significant, and the increase of HDL-cholesterol is not significant either. Vasosan does not affect the activity of AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin, it is well tolerated and causes few gastrointestinal side-effects which do not call for discontinuation of treatment.
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PMID:[Vasosan S--a cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia of various etiopathogenesis]. 814 Jul 67

Circulatory system examinations performed on first-grade pupils of junior high schools (12 years old; N = 1,204), identified 105 high-risk pupils with arteriosclerosis-promoting factors. These pupils were consulted on life-style modification, emphasizing nutrition and exercise, and encouraged to practice personal health management and self-monitoring. Reduction and correction of high risk factors were studied in these subjects, based on review of results of health examinations performed regularly up to the time of their graduation. Results are as follows: 1. Averages for obesity grade (for both sexes) in the second and the third years were significantly lower than that in the first year. Based on a general reference value > or = 20%, improvements were observed in 22.5% of males and 50.0% of females. 2. In both sexes average total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were lower in the second and the third years than in the first year, and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was seen. With regard to a general reference value > or = 3.0 for AI (Atherogenic Index) calculated using TC and HDL cholesterol, improvements (reduction) were observed in 29.4%, of males and 46.2% of females. 3. While the numbers of subjects with elevated SBP, DBP, GPT, FPG and BUN were few, there were significant decreases in averages in the second and third years compared with those in the first year. Using general reference values, improvements in these risks were seen in 100% for all values except for GPT where 75.0% showed improvement. 4. Comparison of grouped distribution of summed values of examination results between the first year and the third year, showed improvements (reduction and correction of risks) in 69 pupils (65.7%), while 30 pupils (28.6%) remained in the same group with no improvement and 6 pupils (5.7%) turned for the worse, dropping one rank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on the reduction and correction risk factors for arteriosclerosis in junior high school pupils]. 824 38

Three hundred and twenty nine obese children (206 boys, 123 girls) whose obesity index were above 40% were screened among 6,278 school-age children living in Ibaraki Prefecture. Six hundred and fifty-eight school-age children without obesity were used as controls. The mean levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride of obese boys were significantly higher than those of control boys. The mean levels of HDL-cholesterol of both boys and girls with obesity were significantly lower than those of controls. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia in the boys with obesity were significantly more frequent than those in control boys. In the girls with obesity, hypoalphalipoproteinemia was significantly more frequent than that in control girls. Liver dysfunction (GPT > or = 40 IU/l) in obese children was significantly more frequent than in controls: Although none of controls had liver dysfunction, 24.8% of obese boys and 11.4% of obese girls had liver dysfunction. These findings indicated that atherogenic dyslipidemias and liver dysfunction were common in Japanese school-age children with obesity, especially in boys.
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PMID:[Hyperlipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia and liver dysfunction in Japanese school-age children with obesity]. 826 74

To detect early hepatic effects of chronic exposure to low-level trichloroethylene (TCE), serum total cholesterol (T-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and activities of three serum enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)] were determined in 148 workers (a cross-sectional study) and in 13 workers (a 2-year follow-up study) occupationally exposed to TCE in air. In the cross-sectional study, three exposure groups were defined by urinary total trichloro-compounds (U-TTC) levels of the workers [low-exposure group (n = 49): U-TTC < 10 mg/g creatinine; moderate-exposure group (n = 56): U-TTC 10- < 100; high-exposure group (n = 43): U-TTC > or = 100]. With increasing exposure levels, T-C (P = 0.143 by ANOVA) and HDL-C (P = 0.080 by ANOVA) slightly increased. The exposure, however, had no effect on the activities of the three serum enzymes. In the follow-up study, the fluctuations in U-TTC were well reflected in subclinical changes in HDL-C, AST, and GGT, but not in T-C or ALT. These results suggest that exposure to low-level TCE influences hepatic functions, affecting cholesterol metabolism rather than causing hepatic cell damage, and that these influences are subclinical and reversible. The increases in HDL-C caused by exposure to low-level TCE may be an example of "chemical hormesis" in humans.
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PMID:Subclinical and reversible hepatic effects of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. 831 14

Seventy-seven hypercholesterolemic patients participated in a 26-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that investigated the efficacy and safety of pravastatin therapy. All patients had primary moderate hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol 200-300 mg/dl, at the end of a 6-week dietary run-in period) and two additional coronary risk factors. Pravastatin, 20-40 mg/day given at bedtime, reduced total cholesterol by 19-22%, LDL-cholesterol by 24-30%, triglycerides by 10-30% and increased HDL-cholesterol by 9-13%. The drug caused mild elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Almost all these elevations were within normal limits and no patient was clinically symptomatic. No other significant differences were observed between the pravastatin and the placebo-treated groups with regard to other adverse effects and to patient compliance and withdrawal. It is concluded that pravastatin has a beneficial effect on the lipid profile and that the drug is safe and well tolerated.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of pravastatin once daily in primary moderate hypercholesterolemia: the Israeli experience. 831 85


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