Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile was determined in 12 cirrhotics, 15 patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 20 healthy volunteers. When compared with controls plasma total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), high density lipoprotein phospholipids (HDLPL), HDLPL/PL levels were low, phospholipid (PL) was normal and HDLC/TC and PL/TC were high in cirrhosis. In cirrhotics with HCC, TC, PL, PL/TC levels were elevated while HDLC, HDPL, HDLC/TC and HDLPL/PL were normal. A comparison within the patient groups showed that in cirrhosis alone, the levels of TC, HDLC, PL, HDLPL and HDLPL/PL were lower and PL/TC level was higher than in cirrhotics with HCC. Plasma albumin levels showed a negative correlation with PL/TC and a positive correlation with HDL-cholesterol in cirrhosis. In cirrhosis with HCC plasma, phospholipid levels showed a significant negative correlation with total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase. The variations in the level of plasma lipids and lipoproteins may assist in describing the nature of these two forms of liver disease.
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PMID:Abnormal lipid and lipoprotein patterns in liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 73

Five healthy male adults were deprived of food for a short period (40 hr) and biochemical studies and urinalyses were done before and after fasting to determine the effects on liver and renal functions. Acceleration in lipid metabolism was seen with an increase of about 90% in NEFA and about 20% in TG. GOT, GPT and LDH showed elevations of about 40 to 100% indicating a slight effect of 40 hr fasting on liver functions. BUN, HDL-C and ALP showed increases of about 30% while, CPK and TC showed decreases of about 20%. In the other parameters changes of about 10% were seen. After a fasting with water intake of about 1,000 ml/day, a body weight loss of 1.2 kg was observed at 40 hr. During the short-term fasting (40 hr) as done in our study, changes were seen in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, since no abnormalities were seen in general biochemical parameters, we consider that a fasting of this duration is valuable for use as one of the fastings.
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PMID:Effect of short-term fasting treatment on liver and renal function. 134 10

To investigate clinical effects of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine therapy in Yusho, peripheral blood cells and biochemical parameters were studied before and after therapy in eleven healthy volunteers and four patients with Yusho who were treated with rice bran fiber 30 g/day and cholestyramine 12 g/day for 7 days. In healthy volunteers, a significant elevation in total leukocyte counts as well as lymphocyte counts was observed after therapy (leukocyte p less than 0.005, and lymphocyte, p less than 0.01). In lymphocyte subpopulations, significant elevations were found in CD3- and B1-positive cells (CD3, p less than 0.05 and B1, p less than 0.001). However, no significant effect of the treatment was observed in reticulocyte counts or platelet counts. In biochemical parameters, total cholesterol levels decreased significantly, from 208 +/- 36 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) to 173 +/- 30 mg/dl (p less than 0.001), after therapy. HDL-cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly after therapy (from 50 +/- 12 to 46 +/- 13/mg/dl; p less than 0.05). Serum triglyceride levels increased significantly, from 155 +/- 96 to 195 +/- 133 mg/dl (p less than 0.05), after therapy. A significant increase was observed in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, while significant depressions were found in serum levels of total bilirubin, total protein, gamma-globulin, creatinine, and calcium. In four Yusho patients who received rice bran fiber and cholestyramine therapy twice with more than one month interval, the clinical effects of therapy in addition to biochemical effects were studied. An only significant effect was observed in serum levels of total cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine on peripheral blood cells and biochemical parameters in Yusho]. 165

Hyperlipidemia may be one of the risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic disease in renal transplant recipients. In the present study, 24 kidney recipients with hyperlipidemia were treated with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin (10 mg/day). All recipients had been treated with cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine (Az), and prednisolone (Pred). The mean total cholesterol (T-chol) level decreased from 323 +/- 7.4 to 261 +/- 7.9 mg/dl at one month after starting treatment (P less than 0.01) and this level did not change during treatment for further 6 months. The mean LDL cholesterol level was also decreased from 205.9 +/- 11.2 to 118.7 +/- 8.1 mg/dl at 3 months after starting treatment (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, pravastatin did not affect the levels of HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Pravastatin did not show any effects on the white blood cell, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, or the hemoglobin concentration (NS). One patient displayed a slight elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, but this was not sufficient to cease treatment. Pravastatin did not adversely affect the renal function or creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Two recipients developed nausea and vomiting and their treatment was stopped. Pravastatin appears to be a safe and efficacious method of treating hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients.
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PMID:The effects of pravastatin on hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients. 173 92

A prospective, double-blind clinical study has been carried out in 90 chinese women with postmenopausal period covering 0.5 to 21 years by administering a synthetic long-acting estriol derivative-nylestriol in the regimen of 2 mg every 2 weeks for 1 year (49 treated and 41 placebo). The result were: Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) remained unchangeable (P greater than 0.05), while high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased after 6 months, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C ratios decreased after 3 months of medication (P less than 0.05); FSH were restrained (P less than 0.05), but LH did not change significantly (P greater than 0.05). One third of the women with intact uterus had spotting withdraw bleeding and another one third had moderate amount after the addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate 6 mg daily for 7 days at the end of the 12 months treatment. Side effects included breakthrough bleeding (10.3%), breast tenderness (11.8%), leukorrhagia (29.4). None showed abnormal liver function (GPT).
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PMID:[A prospective study of nylestriol on plasma lipids in postmenopausal women]. 180 5

The authors administered lovastatin (Mevacor, MSD) to 18 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (familial and non-familial) with a lipoprotein pattern type IIa and IIb. During treatment a marked reduction of atherogenic indicators of the lipid metabolism occurred, i.e. a decline of total cholesterol (-28.6%), LDL-cholesterol -39%), apolipoprotein B (-18.6%), the index of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (-44.6%) and the index LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (-48.2%). At the same time a favourable effect on indicators of the lipid metabolism to which a protective action is ascribed was recorded: a rise of HDL-cholesterol (+13.6%) and apolipoprotein AI (+13%) and AII (+13%). An excellent effect was observed also in four heterozygotes with familial hypercholesterolaemia which is usually rather resistant to other types of hypolipidaemic treatment. The drug was very well tolerated and subjective side-effects of treatment were minimal. Despite the fact that a number of laboratory indicators was followed up, the authors did not observe any undesirable side-effects, only a transient and marginal rise of ALT in one patient. Lovastatin is, due to its potent hypolipidaemic effect, a new hope in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Its usefulness in the prevention of ischaemic heart disease, as well as its safety during prolonged administration are tested at present in long-term investigations.
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PMID:[Personal experience with lovastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Mevacor, MSD) in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. 184 44

Effects of single intraperitoneal administration of trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride (positive control) on the plasma contents of lipoproteins were investigated in rats. Plasma was fractionated to VLDL, LDL, and HDL by sequential ultracentrifugation. On the administration of carbon tetrachloride at 30 to 1000 mg/kg, VLDL and HDL were reduced dose-dependently, but the reduction in LDL was not dose-dependent. With trichloroethylene at 30 to 300 mg/kg, the lipid contents of VLDL and LDL fractions were decreased. At 1000 mg/kg, VLDL and LDL was increased by the trichloroethylene. The HDL was decreased with increasing doses of trichloroethylene at 30 to 1000 mg/kg. With 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 100 to 300 mg/kg, VLDL and LDL were increased. The HDL levels rose at 100 mg/kg but fell at 1000 mg/kg. Thus trichloroethylene impairs VLDL formation at low doses. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane stimulates the VLDL synthesis at low doses and inhibits it at high doses. The decreases in HDL at high doses of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane resulted from the inhibition of HDL synthesis. Liver-to-body weight ratios were raised with increasing doses of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Plasma GOT and GPT activities rose at much higher doses of solvents than dose levels which produce the changes in lipoproteins and the increases in liver weights. The liver enlargement appeared to be a sensitive marker of hepatotoxicity related to the changes in lipoproteins, the profile of which was different in three solvents.
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PMID:Effects of trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride on plasma lipoproteins of rats. 228 24

The efficacy and safety of 20 mg simvastatin (a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) and of 16 g cholestyramine daily in the treatment of 34 hypercholesterolaemic patients have been compared after dietary treatment and stratified randomization. The effect of combined treatment with the two drugs was studied in 5 patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia. After 6 weeks of treatment the simvastatin group showed a significantly greater (p less than 0.05) decrease in the mean total plasma cholesterol concentration from 7.88 to 5.48 mmol/l than in the cholestyramine group in whom there was a fall from 7.82 to 6.73 mmol/l. Simvastatin decreased the mean plasma LDL cholesterol concentration from 6.07 to 3.76 mml/l and cholestyramine decreased it from 6.16 to 4.46 mmol/l. Simvastatin also reduced the mean plasma total triglycerides by 24%, VLDL triglycerides by 20% and VLDL cholesterol by 36%, while cholestyramine led to increases in these parameters by 64%, 85% and 63%, respectively. Mean plasma HDL cholesterol concentration and the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were significantly increased by simvastatin. Simvastatin and cholestyramine reduced the mean plasma apolipoprotein B concentration by 28% and 13%, respectively. The mean plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentration was significantly higher only on simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin did not cause any subjective or objective side effects, while cholestyramine caused gastrointestinal problems in 31% of patients. Small increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALT) activity were seen with both drugs. Cholestyramine significantly raised the serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) although to a level still within the normal range. It is concluded that 20 mg simvastatin was more effective than 16 g cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparative effects of simvastatin and cholestyramine in treatment of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. 250 17

1. The hematology and blood chemistry of 15-68-day-old chicks have been studied. 2. Red cell numbers (1,900,000/mm3), hemoglobin content (11.5 g/dl) and hematocrit (37.5) were similar in both species of storks. 3. Total numbers of leucocytes (63,000/mm3) were similar in both species, whilst differential leucocyte counts were not. 4. Higher levels of plasma protein, GOT and cholesterol in HDL were found in white storks when compared with black storks but not differences were detected in plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, GPT and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry of chicks of white and black storks (Ciconia ciconia and Ciconia nigra). 257 67

Three hundred and seventy-three female and 213 male nonalcoholic subjects, aged 60-100 y, who had participated in a nutritional status survey of elderly people in the Boston area were grouped according to usual alcohol intake: 0-4, 5-14, or 15+ g/d. The age- and sex-adjusted mean intake of calories, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and 10 micronutrients and the mean levels of 14 nutrient and 22 nonnutrient biochemical indices were compared for the three categories of alcohol intake. The mean micronutrient intakes were also adjusted for total caloric intake and the mean nutrient biochemical concentrations were also adjusted for the corresponding nutrient intakes. The results suggest that caloric intake and blood concentrations of retinol, iron, ferritin, HDL cholesterol, AST, and ALT increased with increasing alcohol intake whereas folate and phosphorus intakes and blood measures of riboflavin, copper, zinc, urea nitrogen, and creatinine decreased with increasing alcohol intake.
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PMID:Moderate alcohol intake and nutritional status in nonalcoholic elderly subjects. 280 94


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