Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male rats provided with a 5 or 15% (v/v) ethanol solution as the sole source of fluid consumed ethanol at a rate of 11.4 or 24.9% of total calories (4.2 or 8.3 g/kg daily). After ethanol consumption lasting 1, 2 and 3 weeks the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg i.p.) was elevated by determination of serum activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ( GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and histological investigations. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage was significantly greater in rats provided with ethanol than in the tap-water consuming controls. This potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicicty was fully developed already after a 1-week exposition to ethanol and was greater in the 15% than in the 5% ethanol group. Ethanol alone did not influence serum enzyme activities but increased microsomal aniline hydroxylation. There was, however, no clear-cut parallelism between potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity and activation of aniline hydroxylation.
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PMID:Increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity after low-level ethanol consumption. 70

Six female beagle dogs were given a daily dose of 100 mg MOCA, by capsule, 3 days per week for the first 6 weeks and then 5 days per week continuously for periods up to 9.0 years. The dose varied from 8 to 15 mg/kg body weight/day among the dogs. Six female beagle dogs were kept as untreated controls. The test was terminated after 9.0 years of treatment. The average plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of the dogs fed MOCA was higher than that of the controls during the first and last two years on test. During the eighth and ninth years the urine sediment from MOCA dogs contained excessive numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and epithelial cells. Some epithelial cells contained abnormalities that suggested neoplasia in the genitourinary tract. One MOCA dog, sacrificed after 8.3 years on test was found to have a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Of four MOCA dogs sacrificed after 9.0 years on test, three were found to have papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and one had a combined transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the urethra. The urethral tumor had metastasized to the liver, but the papillary transitional cell carcinomas found in the other four dogs did not invade the muscle layers of the bladder wall and did not metastasize. Since no urinary bladder tumors were found in the six control dogs, MOCA was considered to be carcinogenic for the urinary bladder of dogs under the conditions employed (p less than 0.025, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail). Three of five MOCA dogs contained hyperplastic nodules in the liver with no such nodules in six control dogs (p greater than 0.05, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail). This was considered to be suggestive of an effect of MOCA treatment.
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PMID:Urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA). 72 85

Six female beagle dogs were given, by capsule, a daily oral dose of 100 mg of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), 3 times per week for 6 weeks, then 5 times per week continuously for periods up to 7.1 years. The DCB test was terminated after 7.1 years. Six untreated female beagle dogs served as controls for several tests and were sacrificed after 8.3 to 9.0 years on test. All 6 DCB dogs had an elevated plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity during the first 3 years on test; two dogs showed persistent elevation throughout the test. One DCB dog, sacrificed in extremis after 3.5 years on test, had no tumors. Another DCB dog, sacrificed in extremis after 6.6 years on test, developed an undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver with metastases to many organs; this dog also had a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Of the 4 remaining DCB dogs sacrificed after 7.1 years on test, 3 developed hepatocellular carcinomas and all 4 had papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. No liver or urinary bladder tumors were found in the 6 control dogs. DCB was found to be carcinogenic for the liver and urinary bladder in dogs under the conditions employed (p less than .025, Fisher's Exact Test, one tail).
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PMID:Liver and urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. 72 99

Serum desialylated glycoprotein level was tested for chronic hepatitic patients. The level was significantly elevated in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis but not in chronic persistent hepatitis comparing to normal subjects. In chronic aggressive hepatitis, severe type (2B), serum desialylated glycoprotein levels were significantly enhanced but not in moderate type (2A) when compared to chronic persistent hepatitis. Sera taken serially from patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis, severe type (2B), demonstrated a slight correlation between circulating desialylated glycoprotein level and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity.
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PMID:Serum glycoproteins in the liver diseases. V. Desialylated glycoproteins in chronic hepatitis. 74 94

Forty-seven male Macaca mulatta, 3 to 4 kg weight, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with various doses of yolk sac-grown Rickettsia rickettsii. Thirty-four macaques became febrile and exhibited signs of infection ranging from transient illness with a few days of fever to severe illness with subsequent death. The rash appeared more frequently in the macaques inoculated subcutaneously. Febrile macaques that survived had leukocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia. Febrile macaques that died had, in addition, marked terminal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Packed cell volume of all febrile macaques decreased. In almost all of the febrile macaques, there were increased serum urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased total serum protein and amylase concentrations. A few febrile macaques had increased bilirubin values and decreased sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Changes did not occur in serum glucose, potassium, calcium, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values. The experimental form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the macaque provides a subhuman primate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease.
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PMID:Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 82 Feb 24

Three alleles at the Gpt-1 (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1) locus in the mouse, as identified by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, and their distribution among inbred mouse strains and wild stocks are described. The Gpt-1 locus was shown to control the soluble form of the enzyme. Three-point linkage analysis established th location of Gpt-1 on chromosome 15 between uw and bt. In addition, a new staining procedure is described that allows the visualization of GPT activity on gels by the deposition of formazan. This is an improvement over previous methods that produced bands of nonfluorescence against a fluorescent background.
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PMID:Chromosomal location of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1 (Gpt-1) in the mouse. 84 43

Changes in serum enzyme levels, liver histology and liver function tests have been correlated to determine the usefulness of these tests in assessing liver status. The effects of carbon tetrachloride administration on these parameters has been determined in a group of 20 sheep. Normal levels, elevated levels after injury and the effect of elapsed time after injury are reported for serum glutamic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, fructose-1-phosphate adlolase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and proteins. Variation in the time of elevation of enzyme activities may be useful in determining the elapsed time between acute injury and serum sampling. In comparison to sheep fed an adequate diet, a diet with a restricted protein intake was associated with increased severity of histological lesions and decreased liver function.
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PMID:A comparison of parameters used to assess liver damage in sheep treated with carbon tetrachloride. 92 59

The dose- and time-related hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen were investigated in rats using biochemical parameters as indices of hepatotoxicity supplemented by the histopathological examination of the livers. The acute or subacute (twice daily for 7 days) administration of 0.25 g/kg acetaminophen did not produce any noticeable hepatocellular damage. On the other hand, dose-dependent elevations in serum enzyme glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels were observed following the administration of single doses of 0.5 and lg/kg acetaminophen. Maximal hepatic damage occurred 12-18 h after acute dosing, while the hepatic function returned to control levels by 48-72 h. In contrast with the acutely treated rats, the serum enzyme activities and the hepatic TG levels remained unchanged following 7-day treatment with 0.5 or 1 g/kg acetaminophen. Also, histopathologically the degree of acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis was found to be far less extensive in rats given 0.5 and 1 g/kg acetaminophen twice daily for up to one week, as compared with the animals sacrificed 18 h after administering single equivalent doses of this drug. The results suggest that the liver function is reversibly impaired following acetaminophen overdosage, and that the intensity of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity becomes less severe after repeated exposure to this hepatotoxin.
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PMID:Serum enzyme activities and hepatic triglyceride levels in acute and subacute acetaminophen-treated rats. 94 Nov 68

In a sample of the Polish population numbering 703 subjects, three GPT types were encountered with the following frequencies: GPT1-1 0.265, GPT 2-1 0,509 and GPT 2-20.226. Frequencies of GPT1 and GPT2 genes were 0.519 and 0.481 respectively. Distribution of types in 217 mother-child pairs and in 12 families with 36 children was consistent with the hypothesis that the GPT system is dependent on a pair of codominant alleles and confirms that the GPT 1-1 and GPT 2-2 types are homozygotes, and GPT 2-1 is a heterozygote.
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PMID:GPT polymorphism in the Polish population. 96 16

The effect of lead nitrate, an inhibitor of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system upon the acute, hepatotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was studied. Lead pretreatment significantly prevented polysomal disaggregation induced by the nitrosamine. Cell necrosis, evaluated morphologically and by the release of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), was also diminished. The metabolism of DMN in rats pretreated with lead nitrate was investigated by following its clearance from blood and by determining, in vitro the demethylation of the nitrosamine. Lead increased, although not significantly, the clearance of DMN from blood, but it lowered the activity of DMN-demethylase 24 h after its administration. Finally, lead lowered the lethal effects of DMN. The mechanism by which lead influenced DMN toxicity is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of lead nitrate on dimethylnitrosamine intoxication. 97 97


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