Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 205 patients with alcoholic diseases of liver the diagnostic relevance of biochemical tests (GOT, GPT, AP, GGTP, BSP) was reconsidered with discriminatory process (separation of diagnosis). The group contained 16 patients with nutritional-caused and 41 cases with alcoholic-caused fatty-infiltration of liver. 148 patients showed a toxic chronic liver disease; 52 a chronic hepatitis and 96 cirrhosis of liver. Laparoscopy and morphology guaranteed the clinical diagnosis and therefore the accuracy of biochemistry in separation of diagnosis was given. The biochemical tests were not able to offer a separation of fatty-infiltration with reference to cause, changes of the process in toxic hepatitis and cirrhosis were announced. Intersection in several cases was noticed and biochemical tests were not able to substitute endoscopy and morphology for clinical and diagnostic use in all cases. In every regard the enzyme-tests,--above mentioned--, and determination of sulfobromthalein are aptly to development of diseases and deficiency of alcohol.
...
PMID:[Relevance of biochemistry in diagnosis and development of alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)]. 0 20

In order to examine a role of lysosomes in the pathogenesis of fatty livers, analysis was made on possible etiologic factors, clinical signs and symptoms as well as laboratory data of routine liver function tests in 32 subjects with fatty livers. Of 18 cases, enzyme activities of serum acid phosphatase (Acp), beta-glucuronidase (betaG) and n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (nbetaG) were measured and compared with those obtained in 20 normal subjects. Subjective symptoms were observed in 75% of the cases examined, liver swelling in 56%, positive GOT, GPT and BSP retention were in 59, 75 and 68%, respectively. The activity of serum lysosomal enzymes such as Acp, betaG and nbetaG were significantly increased and their incidence was 28, 89 and 78%, respectively. In animal experiments, activities of these enzymes in both serum and liver homogenate were examined in rats with choline-deficient, ethionine-treated, and alcoholic fatty livers. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Lysosomal enzyme activity in sera and livers of choline-deficient rats showed a significant decrease in lysosome-rich fraction and a significant increase in supernatant fraction and sera. 2) The enzyme activity in ethionine-treated rats decreased significantly in lysosome-rich fraction and tended to increase in supernatant fraction. The activity of betaG in sera increased markedly. 3) In rats given ethanol for 4 weeks, the enzyme activity of sera and liver homogenates significantly increased in lysosome-rich fraction. These results indicate that the analysis of serum lysosomal enzyme activity, in the light of clinical features and laboratory data of routine liver function tests, is useful for the diagnosis of the fatty liver. A discussion is given of a possible mode of variation of lysosomal enzymes in rats with fatty livers.
...
PMID:[Clinical and experimental studies on changes in lysosomal enzyme activity in fatty livers (author's transl)]. 71 Nov 25

Effects of 3 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia in 20 dogs were determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). sulfobromphthalein (BSP), phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test, 24-hour water intake and urine excretion, and serum inorganic fluoride (SIF) evaluation. Values for BUN, SC, serum ALT, BSP, and PSP after the anesthetic were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the base-line values. The serum ALP values were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Water intake and urine excretion showed a peak increase 48 hours after anesthesia. Serum inorganic fluoride concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.001) compared with the base line. The SIF 20 minutes before anesthesia was 4.54 +/- 0.82 mumol/L, at 90 minutes of surgical anesthesia 92.35 +/- 8.91 micronmol/L, at 20 minutes after anesthesia 132 +/- 12.55 micronmol/L, and at 1, 3, and 6 days after anesthesia they were 105.60 +/- 8.93, 42.10 +/- 6.90, and 12.65 +/- 1.32 micronmol/L. Clinical signs of renal or hepatic failure were not detected in any of the treated dogs during 7 day post-anesthetic observation period.
...
PMID:Serum fluoride concentration, renal, and hepatic function test results in dogs with methoxyflurane anesthesia. 88 22

The experience gained with Estracyt, kindly supplied by AB LEO, Sweden, is reported. On the basis of former data in the literature we only used the drug in estrogen resistant and advanced cases. Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) is a nitrogen mustard derivative of the urethan type, attached to oestradiol-17-phosphate. In histologically verified cases, it was administered in daily doses of 300 mg intravenously for three weeks, followed by maintenance doses of 300 mg a week in tablets for three months. During treatment, liver and bone marrow function was checked systematically. The changes in morphological picture were studied by means of biopsies during and at the end of treatment. In agreement with the data in the literature a favourable effect was observed in estrogen resistant patients, with no toxic effect whatever on the bone marrow. At the same time GOT and GPT and BSP retention examinations demonstrated a hepatotoxic side effect. The pathological values returned to normal after withdrawal of the drug. Histological examinations showed that the tumour cells had changed but failed to disappear after treatment.
...
PMID:Treatment of prostatic cancer with Estracyt (estramustine phosphate). 110 75

Clinical and laboratory findings from 15 patients with icteric viral hepatitis during pregnancy (VHP) and from 22 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (CJP) were evaluated statistically in order to find out which parameters might help in order to find out which parameters might help in differentiating the two diseases. Diagnosis was established by needle liver biopsy in all cases. The following data were considered: history, physical examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) serum cholesterol, prothrombin time, total serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum protein, serum flocculation tests, BSP blood clearance and serum HB Ag. Vomiting, high GOT and GPT serum levels, and serum HB Ag positivity suggest VHP diagnosis. Otherwise a severe itching with scratching lesions, high ESR, elevated total cholesterol and serum alkaline phosphatase values mainly if occurring in the later stage of pregnancy are consistent with CJP diagnosis. When clinical and laboratory data from a jaundiced pregnant female do not allow diagnosis, this can be established only on the basis of needle liver biopsy.
...
PMID:The differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice and viral hepatitis during pregnancy. 122 May 7

A controlled clinical trial comparing 2-Mercapto-Priopionyl-Glycine (2-MPG) plus B12 vitamin with B12 vitamin alone in chronic liver disease has been conducted in seven hospitals in Italy. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of liver histology; group I included 26 patients showing histological evidence for chronic persistent hepatitis (C.P.H.) (according to De Groote et al.) whereas group II consisted of 54 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (C.A.H.) or compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients of each group were randomly allocated to 2-MPG plus B12 vitamin, or to placebo plus B12 vitamin, in a double-blind way. The drug (or placebo) was diluted in 500 ml of 10% Levulose, and administered intravenously; 1000 gamma of B12 vitamin were added to each bottle. Patients in the 2-MPG group received 2.5 gms of the drug daily; the treatment lasted for 30 days. The following parameters were checked in all patients on admission, and repeated at the end of treatment: Serum bilirubin, serum Cholesterol, A.P., BSP retention, Prothrombin time, S-GOT, S-GPT, Gamma-GT, Total serum Protein, serum electrophoresis, Immunoglobulins. Patients given 2-MPG showed significant decreases of serum transaminases, and improvement of BSP retention.
...
PMID:[Controlled clinical trial of 2-mercapto-propionyl-glycine in chronic hepatopathies]. 125 87

The causes and clinical signs of hepatobiliary involvement in disease are many and varied and often are not referable directly to this organ system. Laboratory investigation frequently is necessary to rule hepatic disease in or out, to assess the functional impact on the liver, and to decide whether hepatic disease is the patient's primary problem or a complication of something else. The selection and interpretation of laboratory tests to resolve these problems is based on an understanding of relevant functional anatomy and pathophysiology. The mainstay of such assessment is hepatic enzymology, which can detect active disease in both hepatocytes and the biliary system. The hepatocellular pattern of disease is characterized by increases in leakage enzymes such as SDH, GLDH, and ALT and the cholestatic pattern by increases in induced enzymes (ALP and GGT). In general, enzymology does not allow the intensity or functional effect of hepatobiliary disease to be assessed, and quite severe hepatopathies may have only minimal enzyme abnormalities. For this reason, the primary biochemical data base for ruling hepatobiliary disease in or out always should involve some screening tests of hepatic function, such as albumin, protein, bilirubin, glucose, or urea determinations; as well as urinalysis to search for bilirubinuria and urobilinogenuria in hyperbilirubinemic patients and for ammonium biurate crystals when hyperammonemia or hepatic encephalopathy is suspected. Because the liver synthesizes most clotting factors, evaluation of blood coagulation is indicated when surgery is contemplated on patients with liver disease or when bleeding is present. Paired pre- and post-prandial determinations of serum bile acids are the preferred method for assessment of hepatobiliary function in dogs and cats. However, the BSP clearance test continues to be useful in the functional assessment of the liver as long as the dye remains available to veterinarians. Clearance of BSP is delayed in hepatocellular, cholestatic, and portosystemic disease as well as by severe extrahepatic circulatory disturbances, In general, this functional test is less sensitive than serum bile acids or the ammonia tolerance test in the recognition of hepatic encephalopathy caused by portosystemic anomalies. The objectives of biochemical screening of the liver are to establish the type (hepatocellular, biliary, or mixed), duration (acute, chronic), and stage (aggressive, convalescent) of hepatobiliary disease and to assess functional status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
...
PMID:Biochemical evaluation of the hepatobiliary system in dogs and cats. 267 13

The present study characterizes the biochemical, morphological, and histological sites of CCNU-induced hepatotoxicity and investigates the effect of modifiers of drug metabolism on this toxicity. A single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of CCNU caused four- and ninefold increases in serum GOT and GPT respectively 48 h after administration in rats. A 25-fold rise in serum bilirubin, a total loss of bile flow, and a decrease in BSP clearance were also observed. Cytochrome P-450 content and EM-N-demethylase activity were significantly decreased to 88% and 66% of control values respectively. A histopathological time course study of CCNU-induced injury showed a progression of acute inflammation, edema, and fibrin deposition in portal areas over 24 h with necrosis and sloughing of bile duct epithelium at 24 and 36 h. Treatment of rats with PB (40 mg/kg/day for 4 days, i.p.) 24 h prior to CCNU administration protected against CCNU-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, the levels of serum GOT, GPT, and bilirubin were only 2.5 and 4 times higher than in untreated or PB-treated controls. Histopathological examination also showed reduced severity of bile duct lesions in PB-pretreated animals. In rats receiving both PB and CCNU, bile flow was restored and BSP clearance was increased compared to the CCNU-treated rats. The mixed-function oxidase activity in PB + CCNU-treated rats was not significantly different from that in PB-treated controls. It is concluded that pretreatment of rats with PB can markedly suppress the hepatotoxic manifestations, including histopathological changes, the rise in serum bilirubin, and the cholestasis observed in CCNU-treated rats.
...
PMID:Studies on the mechanism of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)-induced hepatotoxicity. II. Biochemical and morphological characterization of the injury and its prevention by phenobarbital. 310 4

Phagocytic activity as a function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) has been studied in ethionine induced liver injury by using the carbon clearance test. Liver damage in male and female mice was induced by DL- and L-ethionine injections (1000 mg/kg/day, i.p.). In both female and male mice, a single dose or three injections of DL- or L-ethionine caused increases in liver/body weight ratio, A/G ratio, GOT and GPT levels, and BSP retention. There was the decrease of the total protein levels in the serum. The degree of liver injury was more severe after three injections of DL- and L-ethionine than after a single injection of them. After a single injection of ethionine, the L-isomer induced a slightly greater response than the racemic mixture, except for BSP retention. On the other hand, phagocytic activities by the carbon clearance test were increased after a single injection or three injections of DL- and L-ethionine. That is, the K value was increased in all ethionine treated mice except for females with three injections of DL-ethionine. The alpha value was increased after three injections in DL- and L-ethionine treated males and DL-ethionine treated females. In addition, the increase in carbon uptake by Kupffer cells can be seen by light microscopy after a single injection or three injections of DL- or L-ethionine. These findings indicate that ethionine injections induce the enhancement of RES phagocytosis, although the biochemical parameters indicating liver injury are changed severely. These results support the data indicating no correlation between the alteration of RES activity and the degree of liver injury.
...
PMID:Function of reticuloendothelial system on ethionine induced liver injury in mice. 344 19

With respect to liver disease, the primary function of the laboratory is to identify its presence. Tests are not available that permit a specific diagnosis and an accurate prognosis. Several tests should be present in a minimum data base that can help identify hepatobiliary disease. They are ALT, SAP, total serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, BUN, glucose, red cell morphology, and urine sediment. It is sometimes possible to tentatively identify whether a disease is primarily hepatocellular or biliary from the pattern of changes that occur in these tests. In addition, an estimate of the severity is sometimes possible when abnormal values are extreme. The keys are to avoid overinterpretation, use serial evaluations, and rely on a liver biopsy when definitive answers are needed. If liver disease is suspected but there are only marginal changes in the routine tests, the more sensitive tests of function, BSP retention and ammonia tolerance, are warranted. In the future, as more knowledge is gained about the responses of ARG, GGT, and ICG retention to naturally occurring diseases, these tests may join or replace some of those currently used. Also, as the ability to accurately and economically measure the various bile acids improves, a sensitive, yet noninvasive, method to detect and define modest changes in hepatobiliary function may result.
...
PMID:Laboratory evaluation of liver disease. 387 5


1 2 3 Next >>

---