Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The administration of L-alpha-amino-beta-chloropropionic acid hydroxamide (L-ACPH) to mice brought about an inhibition in GABA-T activity in the brain of the animals, a significant inhibition occurring with dosage levels as low as 0.25 mmol/kg. Minimum levels of GABA-T activity were reached 3 h after administration of the drug. Brain glutamic acid decarboxylase, DOPA decarboxylase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were not altered by the L-ACPH but alanine aminotransferase activity was totally inhibited. Slight changes in structure caused great changes in the potency of the drugs. For example, the elongation of the L-ACPH structure by one carbon, or a change in the configuration of the amino group from L- to D-, caused a significant decrease in GABA inhibition. The chloro and hydroxamide groups were necessary for inhibitory activity. The administration of L-ACPH to mice delayed the onset of drug induced seizures but had a less noticeable effect against maximal electroshock. The addition of L-ACPH to crude extracts from brain, or to preparations of semipurified GABA-T, also inhibited GABA-T activity. Again the development of the inhibition was time-dependent. Possible mechanisms of action with respect to L-ACPH induced inhibition of GABA-T activity are discussed in the light of the data presented.
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PMID:Alteration of GABA metabolism in mammalian brain by l-alpha-amino-beta-chloropropionic acid hydroxamide and related compounds. 45 23

Sets of survey specimens having known linear interralationships were analyzed on four occasions by approximately 450 laboratories for the five enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The results are summarized in terms of the apparent precision and relative accuracy of various analytical systems, and some apparent problems in enzyme assays are identified. The results show that interlaboratory differences in enzyme analyses are not due primarily to differences in the way laboratorians utilize their analytical systems but rather are due to fundamental differences in the instruments and reagents supplied to the laboratorians. The attainment of interlaboratory comparability of enzyme analyses is a problem that can best be addressed by the manufacturers of instruments and reagents, rather than by individual laboratorians.
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PMID:The 1978 College of American Pathologists survey of analyses of five serum enzymes by 450 laboratories. 47 5

1. Enzyme activities were studied in blood plasma from Rhenish, Italian, Landes and Masseubian geese. 2. Strains used for liver production (Landes, Masseubian) showed higher activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) [EC 2.6.1.1], alanine transaminase (ALT) [EC 2.6.1.2] and fructose aldolase (FRA) [EC 4.1.2.13] while breeds with high egg production (Rhenish, Italian) had higher activities of both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [EC 3.1.3.1] and acid phosphatase (ACP) [EC 3.1.3.2]
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PMID:Blood enzyme activities in different breeds of geese. 49 70

Ceforanide, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life (3 h), can be administered twice daily. We evaluated its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Twenty-seven patients with infections due to susceptible organisms received ceforanide, 0.5, 1, or 2 g, intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 h for 6 to 28 days. In vitro studies with the clinical isolates from 27 patients treated plus 263 additional isolates showed that ceforanide was active against cephalothin-susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. In addition, ceforanide inhibited 65% of cephalothin-resistant Escherichia coli and 65% of Enterobacter spp. at </=12.5 mug/ml. After a single 1-g intramuscular dose, the mean peak plasma concentration at 1 h was 48.9 mug/ml and that at 12 h was 4.7 mug/ml. Plasma accumulation occurred in some patients. The infections included 10 pneumonias, 3 with bacteremia and 1 with empyema; 11 soft tissue infections, 4 with abscesses and 3 with sepsis; and 3 urinary tract infections. One case each of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and septic thrombophlebitis, all due to Staphylococcus aureus, were treated. Clinical response was satisfactory in all patients; bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26 of 27 patients. Ceforanide was well tolerated. Three patients developed mild increases in liver enzymes, and one developed slight eosinophilia. In another case, the antibiotic was discontinued because of a fivefold rise in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) and a twofold rise in lactic acid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Ceforanide: in vitro and clinical evaluation. 50 95

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
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PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

Myoglobin and the enzymatic activity of creatine phosphokinase CK), MB-isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were serially determined in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Additionally the same parameters were assessed in 5 patients with angina pectoris for 24 hours after bicycle ergometry. 10 in-patients served as controls. Myoglobin was determined by radioimmunoassay and the other enzyme activities according to the current kinetic methods. Comparison of myoglobin with the enzymatic parameters showed that the myoglobin peak occurs 5.6 hours after the beginning of the sampling period, i.e. 7.3 hours earlier than CK and CK-MB and 11.6 hours earlier than GOT. In analogy to this finding the descending limb of the myoglobin curve was significantly earlier at a level of one third of the peak value, i.e. 8.2 hours earlier than CK-MB, 18.8 hours earlier than CK and 27.3 hours earlier than GOT. No signs of myocardial necrosis in terms of myoglobin or enzymatic activity could be detected after bicycle ergometry. It is concluded that myoglobin is a more sensitive parameter for assessment of the acute phase in patients with myocardial infarction than the usualy enzymatic parameters.
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PMID:[Plasma myoglobin level as a course criterium in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. 53 58

The effect of danazol in a dose of 600 mg a day was studied in 20 women with moderate or severe endometriosis. The clinical effect was found to be excellent and repeat laparoscopy after about 6 months treatment revealed a marked regression in all patients with only small residual foci of endometriosis in two of them. The side effects were few. The metabolic studies revealed a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum potassium, serum albumin and serum creatinine, but a significant decrease in serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GT). Serum sodium showed no alteration. A longitudinal study of basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and their responses to 25 microgram gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GnRH) i.v. as well as basal plasma levels of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone and prolactin was performed. During treatment with danazol (600 mg a day) basal levels of LH, FSH, oestradiol, oestrone and progesterone were low but did not differ from the levels found in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. On the other hand the pituitary response to GnRH was significantly greater for both LH and FSH than observed during the early follicular phase. These conflicting results are discussed. It seems that danazol inhibits the pituitary secretion of biologically active LH and FSH and this action is responsible for the decreased ovarian steroid secretion. Whether the atrophy of the uterine and ectopic endometrium is an effect of the reduced oestradiol levels or is a direct effect of danazol on endometrial oestrogen receptors, or a combination of both modes of action, is not clear.
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PMID:Hormonal, metabolic and clinical effects of danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. 53 48

The alanine aminotransferase activity in the ovarian fluid is much higher than in the mature oocytes and perivitelline fluid, the aspartate aminotransferase activity is higher in the perivitelline fluid than in the oocytes and ovarian fluid. The aspartate aminotransferase activity prevails in the mature oocytes and perivitelline fluid. The temperature optimum of the both activities is 38-44 degrees C, the pH optimum is between 7.5-7.6.
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PMID:[Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the grass carp oocytes, ovarian and perivitelline fluids]. 54 22

A chromatographic-videodensitometric assay was found to be appropriate for measuring the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine-2-oxoacid aminotransferase and histidine ammonia-lyase in human tissue homogenates. From the assay mixtures containing substrate(s), cofactor(s), buffer and tissue extract, five or ten microliters samples were taken at different time intervals and chromatographed on Dowex 50 X 8 type resin-coated chromatosheets. On each chromatoplate 50 nmoles of the amino acid to be measured were separately run as a reference for videodensitometric evaluation. By comparing the density of the reference amino acid to that of the individual samples the molar amount of amino acids formed or consumed in the reaction could be calculated. The present findings suggest that the chromatographic-videodensitometric microassay (CV-technique) is suitable for measuring the activity of amino acid transforming enzymes in minute amounts of tissue extracts.
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PMID:Determination of enzyme activity by chromatography and videodensitometry. I. Microassay of amino acid transforming enzymes in human tissue homogenates. 54 67

Chronically alcoholized intoxication (1.5--2 months) induces adaptation of cerebral neurones to changing equilibrium states of biochemical processes by altering the activity of enzymes of GABA metabolism, reduction of alanine and aspartate transaminase activity and increase of LDH and succinate dehydrogenase activity. In the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres during alcohol abstinacy the activity of GABA-T, succinate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase was reduced while that of LDH and alanine transaminase was increased. The administration of fusarinic acid (100 mg/kg i. p.) to control animals induced a sharp increase of GAD activity in both structures of the brain. The stimulatory effects of fusarinic acid were not observed when it was administered to animals receiving alcohol chronically. Motor activity or rats was markedly reduced during chronical alcoholism and the first days of alcohol abstinacy (24--48 h), as well as following injection fusarinic acid and homopantothenic acid. The increase of locomotion and the vertical component of motor activity was observed only following one week or one month after alcohol abstinacy.
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PMID:[Adaptive changes in brain metabolism during chronic alcoholic intoxication]. 57 38


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