Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical studies were made on the intravenous administration of aspoxicillin (ASPC) in pediatric field and the following results were obtained. The peak serum concentrations of 15.6-84.0 micrograms/ml were seen immediately after a 1-hour drip infusion of 10-30 mg/kg, there being seen a clear dose response. The half-life was 0.78-1.67 hours and the measurable concentrations were detected in the serum up to 6 hours after administration. The urinary excretion rate was 44.1-78.6% up to 6 hours after drip infusion. Twenty-four patients with acute respiratory tract infection (21 cases), urinary tract infection (3 cases) were treated with ASPC by drip infusion of 50-107 mg/kg/day for 5-15 days and resulted in 100% of good response. S. pyogenes, S. viridans, E. coli, H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa were isolated form the culture of sputum or urine in the patients, and they were all eradicated by treatment with ASPC except P. aeruginosa. No side effects were observed except the elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case. From the above results, it is concluded that ASPC is one of useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Studies on the intravenous administration of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 385 57

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new penicillin for injection, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 29 children with bacterial infection (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. MICs of ASPC to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to 4 out of 13 strains of H. influenzae were higher than 6.25 micrograms/ml. MICs to 5 strains of S. pneumoniae were lower than 0.78 microgram/ml and 1 out of 3 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of E. coli showed higher MICs than 100 micrograms/ml. ASPC was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 21 to 98 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 29 patients (16 cases of pneumonia, 8 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of impetigo) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 11 cases, good; 11 cases, fair; 3 cases, poor; 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 85% (Table 3, 4). No clinical side-effects were observed in any of the patients. Leukopenia was noted in 1 case. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in 2 cases, and minimal elevation of GOT was observed in other 2 cases (Table 5). These data suggest that ASPC is an useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infection and may be used as the first choice antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children]. 385 58

Laboratory and clinical studies were carried out with aspoxicillin (TA-058, ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, in pediatric infectious disease, and following results were obtained. The average serum concentrations of ASPC after intravenous injection were 53.6, 151.2 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 28.0, 72.8 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 17.6, 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 7.0, 19.9 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.3, 1.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, when the doses were 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mean half-lives of ASPC in blood after injection were 0.87 hour and 1.1 hours when the doses were 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery rates in the urine during 6 hours after intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg were 62.0 and 62.8%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms was determined. ASPC had good activity against H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Thirty-four patients; 26 cases of respiratory tract infections, 6 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of bacterial meningitis and 1 case of bacterial lymphadenitis, were treated with 57.0-159 mg/kg daily dose of ASPC for 4-19 days. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 85.3%. As to side effects, loose stool was observed in 3 cases, slight elevation of GOT & GPT and elevation of platelet were noted, in 2 cases, respectively. All were transient and considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 385 59

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa. The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 386 81

This paper deals with fundamental and clinical results, in the field of pediatrics, of the newly developed rectal suppository (CZX-S) of a cephem antibiotic ceftizoxime (CZX). CZX-S was well absorbed in children. The mean peak serum concentrations of CZX in the 125 mg-administered group (average: 9.9 mg/kg) and the 250 mg-administered group (average: 13.4 mg/kg) were 5.10-7.71 micrograms/ml at 15-30 minutes after dosing. Serum concentrations of CZX were measurable level in almost all the children at 6 hours after administration with the half-lives were 1.34-1.55 hours. The 6-hour urinary excretion rate accounted for 16.5-22.0%. CZX-S was administered to 30 children with acute upper or lower respiratory tract infections about 20-60 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided portions. CZX-S provided favorable therapeutic-effect in most of the children 3-5 days after administration. The effectiveness rate was 93%. The causative organisms of H. influenzae (3 cases) and S. aureus (4 cases) isolated clinically from pharyngeal mucous and sputum were eradicated after administration of CZX-S. Anal pain and diarrhea experienced in 5 of the 30 children and CZX-S was withdrawn in 4 (of the 5) children, but exhibited satisfactory therapeutic-effect in 2 of the 4 cases up to withdrawal of the drug. An increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 3 cases. The values returned to the normal range in 1 case after the treatment with CZX-S. The test was not reexamined in the other 2 cases. The present clinical result suggests the usefulness of CZX-S substituted for oral and injectable forms in the treatment of various pediatric infections caused by organisms sensitive to CZX.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime rectal suppositories in the field of pediatrics]. 386 81

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX) suppositories was performed in pre-school and school-age children. The average time courses of CZX serum and urinary concentrations after administration of CZX suppository 250 mg (i.e. per kg body weight doses of 8.3-10.9 mg) to 4 school-age children were as follows. Serum concentrations: 6.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 6.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.7 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.5 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours with a biological half-life of 1.43 hours. Urinary concentrations: 885 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 209 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 112 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours with an average 6-hour urinary recovery rate of 25.6%. The clinical and biological effectiveness and adverse reactions were studied in 11 infants and school-age children afflicted with various infections (acute purulent tonsillitis, 1; acute bronchitis, 3; acute pneumonia, 4; and UTI, 3). The clinical responsiveness was "excellent" in 8, "good" in 2, and "failure" was recorded in 1, with an overall efficacy of 90.9% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The microbiological effectiveness of CZX suppositories on presumed pathogenic organisms comprising 4 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, and 3 strains of E. coli was satisfactory, as evidenced by the substantially high eradication rate of 87.5%. The only organism that survived CZX suppository treatment was 1 strain of H. influenzae which however was greatly decreased. The only side effect was diarrhea in 1 patient, which however did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. The only laboratory test abnormality was GOT and GPT elevation in 1 patient which was normalized within 8 days. In conclusion, CZX suppositories were found to be efficacious and safe for treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections in children]. 386 84

Ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S), containing 250 mg or 125 mg of CZX, were given to 6 children, 4 with acute bronchopneumonia and 2 with acute pharyngobronchitis, who were not suited to treatment with injectable or oral form of the drug. The clinical response was "good" in all the children and the causative organisms were eradicated in 2 children (H. influenzae or S. aureus). Adverse reactions consisted of 1 case each of diarrhea and transiently increased GPT. In conclusion, CZX-S proved to be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatrics]. 386 87

Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean serum concentrations of CMNX following intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 73.1, 112.5 and 181.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, respectively. The serum half-life times were 1.37, 1.20 and 1.53 hours, respectively. Average recovery rates in the urine until 6 hours from the start of injection were 91.4, 59.4 and 85.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CMNX against clinically isolated organisms was measured; CMNX was more active than CMZ and CEZ against H. influenzae. CMNX was equal to or more active than CMZ and CEZ against E. coli. CMNX was administered clinically to 32 pediatric patients with various infections; 19-pneumonia, 5-bronchopneumonia, 3-bronchitis and 5-pyelonephritis. Overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT was observed in 2 patients. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefminox in pediatric field]. 389 3

Aztreonam (E-0734, AZT) was administered to pneumonia and chronic respiratory tract infections. The results were as follows: AZT was administered to 29 patients. Twenty-six cases were evaluable and 3 cases were excluded from evaluation of efficacy because 1 was Gram-positive infection, 2 were unclear symptom of infection. Pneumonia was 4 cases. Chronic respiratory tract infections were 22 cases. Clinical efficacy was judged as follows; excellent in 7 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 5 cases and poor in 4 cases, then the efficacy rate was 65.4%. Efficacy rate in pneumonia, acute aggravation of diffuse panbronchiolitis and bronchiectasis with infection was 50%, 67% and 83%, respectively. Bacteriological response was judged on 21 cases with eradication rate was 66.7%. Bacteriological response classified by pathogen was as follows: All 6 isolates of H. influenzae, 2 in 6 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 4 in 5 isolates of H. parainfluenzae and all 3 isolates of K. pneumoniae were cleared. Total eradicated rate was 74.1%. Eruption was observed in 1 case as side effect. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 4 cases. Elevation of GOT and GPT was in 3 cases. Increase of eosinophil and basophil was in 1 case. AZT was considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially chronic respiratory tract infections, caused by Gram-negative pathogens.
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PMID:[Clinical study of aztreonam on respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative pathogens]. 391 26

A clinical and laboratory evaluation and a blood level studied on aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new injectable penicillin derivative; the following results were obtained. ASPC was intravenously administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 83.3 to 111.9 mg/kg to 5 patients (1 case of lacunar tonsillitis caused by H. influenzae, 3 cases of pneumonia caused by H. influenzae, 1 case of pneumonia caused by E. coli). As the results, a global effect were excellent in 3 cases and good in 2 cases. The overall efficacy ratio was 100%. All isolated organisms were eradicated, excluding the only case of pneumonia due to H. influenzae infection. No side effects were found in any of the 7 patients including 2 patients who were dropped out the efficacy evaluation because of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Laboratory findings showed a slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and temporary eosinophilia in 1 case. Blood level of ASPC in 2 cases after 10 mg/kg administration by intravenous injection was 28.5 or 35.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 14.3 or 20.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 6.1 or 8.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.3 or 3.02 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. The half-life was 0.81 or 1.01 hours, respectively. Judging from the results of this blood level and the MIC of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms, good efficacy will be obtained to pediatric infections by the sensitive strains, if it is given 10 mg/kg to mild patients or 20 mg/kg to moderate or severe patients in 3 or 4 divided dose at a daily dosage.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of aspoxicillin in pediatrics]. 406 24


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