Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deoxyschisandrin (VIII) and five new lignans, named schisantherin A, B, C, D, and E, were isolated from the active fraction of the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. Their configurations and conformations were established by exhaustive spectral analysis as well as chemical degradations as shown in Ia, Ib; IIa, IIb; IIIa, IIIb; IVa, IVb, and Va, Vb respectively, and their absolute configurations at biphenyl, at C6, C7, and C8 were all assigned to be S form. The position of the methylenedioxyl group in the structures of gamma-schisandrin and Wuweizisu C (as described in the literature), isolated from Schisandra chinensis, must be corrected as shown in VI and VII respectively. In pharmacologica studies and preliminary clinical trials, schisantherin A, B, C, and D showed good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis. Schisantherin E and deoxyschisandrin were not effective.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the active principles of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. The structures of schisantherin A, B, C, D, E, and the related compounds. 23 22

For the evaluation of certain differences in the diminution of export proteins of the liver we examined some exactly defined groups of liver diseases with the aim of further differentiation of the pathogenetic mechanisms. We measured the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the Quick value, the coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX and X. Clotting factors were determined by a Schnitger-Gross Coagulometer. Prothrombin, antithrombin III, plasminogen, factor VIII associated antigen and activated factor XIII were measured by immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell. Lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel was performed to evaluate changes in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Except of the rising diminution of export proteins in the course of liver disease from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis we found also specific changes of the patterns of the plasma specific enzymes. These proteins were diminished dependent on their half life time and the inflammatory activity--measured as the height of the transaminases. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and factor VIII did not participate in the general diminution of the most export proteins; some details were found to explain this differing behaviour. Results are critically discussed with regard to new aspects in the biochemistry of the damaged liver cell.
 ...
PMID:[Correlations between the diminished secretion of export proteins from the liver and the plasmatic activity of liver cell enzymes (author's transl)]. 42 91

The prevalence, clinical manifestations and serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) infections were studied in 117 Israeli hemophiliacs. Positive serological markers for HBV infection (HB surface antigen, antibody to HB surface antigen or antibody to HB core antigen) were more common in patients treated with non heat-treated F-VIII concentrates (NHTC) than with cryoprecipitate (48/49 vs. 23/29, P less than 0.05), and in patients treated with greater than 10,000 factor units/year (90% vs. 62%, P less than 0.05). Of the 117 patients, 55% were HIV negative, 29% had asymptomatic HIV seropositivity and 16% had symptomatic HIV infection (lymphadenopathy syndrome, AIDS-related complex or AIDS). HIVB seropositivity was more common in patients treated with NHTC than in those treated with cryoprecipitate (83% vs. 11%, P less than 0.001), and in patients treated with greater than 100,000 compared to less than 10,000 F-VIII units/year (70% vs. 15%, P less than 0.001). Hypergammaglobulinemia correlated with HIV seropositivity, alanine aminotransferase levels and type and amount of concentrate therapy. Of 50 HIV-seropositive patients, 40 (98%) had serological markers of HBV infection compared with only 40 of 52 HIV-negative patients (77%) (P less than 0.01). Symptomatic HIV infection was more common in patients with a positive history of jaundice, 7 of 18 (38%) compared with 12 of 99 (12%) (P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that HBV and HIV infections are less prevalent in cryoprecipitate-treated patients, and that HBV seropositivity is a predictor of HIV seropositivity in hemophiliacs.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence and interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in Israeli hemophiliacs. 195 12

Patients with severe Lassa fever have high serum levels of liver enzymes. Studies of the histology of the liver have shown only minor alterations, seemingly insufficient to account for death. Pichinde virus is an arenavirus which causes severe illness similar to Lassa fever in strain 13 guinea pigs, but does not cause severe illness in man. This can serve as a relatively safe model for studying the pathology and pathophysiology of fatal arenaviral infection. We used this infection to evaluate the effect of arenavirus on liver morphology and function. When guinea pigs were infected with Pichinde virus, all developed severe disease and died within 14 days of infection. The animals lost large amounts of weight. Higher levels of virus were detected in the liver than in serum. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated late in the course of the disease; no elevations were seen in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase or bilirubin. Alkaline phosphatase, initially high in these growing animals, was markedly decreased early in infection. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were increased late in the disease, and decreased levels of Factors VIII and IX were seen relatively early. Fatty metamorphosis, indicating problems in lipid processing, occurred by day 11, but necrosis was minor and occurred late. Pichinde virus infection results in significant alterations in the metabolic and synthetic capacities of the hepatocytes early in infection in the absence of significant necrosis.
 ...
PMID:The effect of an arenavirus infection on liver morphology and function. 197 92

Adult wild-trapped opossums were infected with Leishmania donovani (Khartoum strain, WR 378) and evaluated as an animal model of visceral leishmaniasis. All infected opossums died within 32 days. Loss of body fat, hepatomegaly, and petechiae of skin and abdominal musculature were seen at necropsy. Microscopically, numerous amastigote-laden macrophages were seen in histologic sections of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; fewer parasite-laden macrophages were in the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues and renal glomeruli. Hematological findings included thrombocytopenia (terminal), neutropenia, and lymphopenia. Blood lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin was decreased markedly at day 24 post-infection (PI). Serum antibodies (1:40 dilution) to promastigotes of L. donovani were detected in five of eight infected opossums tested on days 10 and 24 PI. Total bilirubin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased after day 25 PI. Activated partial thromboplastin times and one-stage prothrombin times were prolonged before death. Concurrently, factors V, VIII, and XII activities were decreased.
 ...
PMID:Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the opossum. 276 21

We have compared long-term intraocular pressure control in patients with open angle glaucoma, cupping and atrophy of the optic nerve head and visual field loss as well as cataract after: trabeculectomy posterior to the scleral spur and cataract extraction without implantation in 108 patients. guarded posterior lip sclerectomy, cataract extraction and Mark VIII or Mark IX anterior chamber implantation in 28 patients. argon laser trabeculoplasty followed by lens extraction and implantation in 27 patients. Approximately 75 per cent of patients achieve intraocular pressures of 18 mm Hg or less without medication after (a), and approximately 40 per cent of patients achieve similar control without medication after (b). Approximately 25 per cent of these glaucoma patients have intraocular pressure levels of less than or equal to 18 mm Hg on topical medication three months after ALT, and none achieve this control without medication. Cataract surgery with anterior or posterior chamber implantation caused loss of topical control in four of the seven patients benefiting from ALT. These data imply that combined surgery with or without implantation produces better and more significant intraocular pressure control than the presently utilized techniques of ALT subsequently followed by lens extraction and implantation.
 ...
PMID:Laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery. 385 41

To assess the sterilization efficacy of a combined Tween 80, beta-propiolactone and ultraviolet irradiation procedure applied to a F VIII preparation to which an estimated 10(5.9) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of hepatitis B virus had been added per ml, two chimpanzees were inoculated with 10 ml each of treated and untreated preparations. The untreated preparation, which was obtained from donors with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, induced non-A, non-B hepatitis in both recipient animals, and delayed hepatitis B infection in one of these. Neither animal receiving the treated preparation developed either type of hepatitis. When subsequently challenged with the untreated material, both of the latter animals developed non-A, non-B and hepatitis B infection, proving their susceptibility to both types of infection. It was concluded that the combined procedure inactivated an estimated 10(6.9) CID50 of hepatitis B virus and an unknown quantity of a non-A, non-B virus. The finding of non-A, non-B virus infectivity in a pooled F VIII preparation despite careful ALT screening of plasma donors emphasizes the necessity of subjecting such preparations to sterilization procedures.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B viruses by combined use of Tween 80, beta-propiolactone, and ultraviolet irradiation. 641 46

We studied immune function in Belgian haemophiliacs treated with Factor VIII from volunteer donors. No patient had clinical evidence of immune deficiency. We found a decrease in T-helper cells (p less than 0.0005), in the ratio of T-helper over T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells (1.72 +/- 0.47 versus 2.24 +/- 0.82 in controls, p less than 0.005) and in lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens (p less than 0.05). These findings could not be linked to the amount of F VIII received over the last year, the time since last F VIII administration, circulating immune complexes (54% positive patients, 7% positive controls, p less than 0.005), increased ALT levels, antibodies to cytomegalo -virus (85% of the patients, 45% of the controls, p less than 0.005), antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, nor to the presence of HLA-DR 5 which was found in 56% of the haemophiliacs (20% of the overall Belgian population, p less than 0.005). Either F VIII induces long lasting immunological alterations unrelated to AIDS, or haemophilia is itself associated with such changes.
 ...
PMID:Immunological alterations in haemophiliacs treated with lyophilized Factor VIII cryoprecipitate from volunteer donors. 642 83

In situ split-liver transplantation is a new surgical technique where the bipartition of a single liver allows procurement of a right graft (segments I, IV, V-VIII) for an adult recipient (75% of the total liver volume), and a left graft (segments II and III) for a child recipient. The present study was designed to assess the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on right grafts obtained by in situ split-liver transplantation. To this aim, hepatic glutathione and conventional plasmatic markers of allograft function (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated in four adult recipients. At the time of reperfusion, a marked glutathione decrease was found in the segment VI in three cases, whereas the amount of glutathione in segment IV was related to the duration of cold ischemia in all cases. Upon reperfusion, a marked increase in plasmatic alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase was found. A recovery in prothrombin time was observed from the first day in three cases. An increasing trend in total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase was noted from the second day after transplant. This preliminary study suggests a possible relationship between the duration of cold ischemia, amount of glutathione in segment IV of the right graft, and the trend in plasmatic markers of allograft damage during in situ split-liver transplantation in adult recipients.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ischemia-reperfusion on hepatic glutathione and plasmatic markers of graft function during in situ split-liver transplantation in adult recipients. 1111 71

Beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin (Hb) E is a hereditary hemolytic anemia with varying degrees of severity. Severely affected patients are treated with blood transfusion and/or splenectomy in order to maintain an optimum level of hemoglobin for normal growth and physical activities. As thrombosis has been observed among splenectomized patients, we have investigated alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Plasma levels of prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII, IX and XI, protein C, protein S, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 were determined in 61 patients (21 non-severe non-splenectomized, 18 severe non-splenectomized, 22 severe splenectomized) and 28 healthy individuals. Serum levels of D-dimer, ferritin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were also measured. All severe patients received regular blood transfusion. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 and D-dimer were significantly elevated in splenectomized patients compared to the healthy control subjects, whereas levels of proteins C, protein S, TAFI, fibrinogen, and factors V and VIII in the splenectomized groups were statistically lower than those in control group. There are no statistical differences for the other parameters measured between patients and controls. Coagulation tests showed only significantly reduction in TAFI and factor V and VIII levels in severe splenectomized group in comparison with severe non-splenectomized patients. These results demonstrate the existence of a low grade consumptive coagulopathy among blood-transfused splenectomized patients with severe clinical manifestations, indicating that these patients may have a higher risk for thrombosis than comparable patients with intact spleen.
 ...
PMID:Hemostatic alterations in splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease. 1738 94


1 2 Next >>