Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of the severity of preservation injury (PI), its association with acute early rejection, and its effect on graft and patient survival were examined in 151 patients transplanted between 9/88 and 12/91. PI was graded into mild, moderate and severe using prothrombin time (PT) on the 2nd POD and peak AST and ALT levels of the first 3 days after transplant. Of the 151 patients, 104 (68.8%) had minimal, 24 (15.9%) had moderate, and 23 (15.3%) had severe PI. The rate of early rejection, within 21 days after transplant, (54.8% vs 54.2% vs 52.2%) and its timing (10.0 +/- 0.5 vs 8.8 +/- 0.8 vs 8.9 +/- 1.4 days) as well as the incidence of steroid-resistant rejection (21.4% vs 33% vs 30%) did not differ significantly among groups. Graft survival was significantly lower in the severe PI group than among patients with minimal PI at 3 months and 24 months (65.2% vs 86.2%; p < 0.05 and 58.3% vs 82.7%; p < 0.05, respectively). Patient survival at 3 and 24 months was similar among the groups (91.1% vs. 95.8% vs 86.9% and 81.9% vs 91.1% vs. 74.3%). We conclude that the cellular damage associated with preservation injury does not predispose to development of acute rejection.
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PMID:Preservation injury in clinical liver transplantation: incidence and effect on rejection and survival. 781 18

Pulmonary microthromboembolism is one of the serious complications found in patients with thalassemia. The pathogenesis is undetermined. The thrombotic risk in 44 patients (26 males, 18 females) with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease and without clinical symptoms of thrombosis were studied. The age ranged from 3-19 yr (X +/- SD = 10 +/- 4). Neither of them had chronic hepatitis B infection. They were divided into three groups according to clinical manifestations as follows: (1) Mild form (n = 12). They did not require blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 23.3 per cent +/- 2.3; (2) Severe form (n = 19). They required frequent blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 17.7 per cent +/- 1.5; (3) Severe form with splenectomy (n = 13). They seldom required blood transfusion. The mean +/- SD of hematocrit was 21.8 per cent +/- 3.5. Most of the patients had delayed growth. They had high serum ferritin reflecting iron overload status which was prominent in the severe groups (group 2 & 3). The prothrombin time and serum albumin were slightly decreased, and the serum alanine transaminase were slightly increased; all of which reflected mild alteration of liver function. The plasma AT III, PC and PS antigen in the three groups were similar. The mean +/- SD of AT III antigen was 106.7 per cent +/- 22.2 which is normal. The mean +/- SD of PC antigen was 44.2 per cent +/- 14.2 and PS antigen level was 77.2 per cent +/- 17.8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Thrombotic risk of children with thalassemia. 782 10

The major causes of liver graft failure are acute rejection, technical failure, and primary nonfunction (PNF). This study was undertaken to determine whether delayed return of neuromuscular function correlates with allograft primary dysfunction in humans given vecuronium. Twenty-two adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were given an initial dose of vecuronium, 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.). All patients recovered from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block prior to explantation. No additional neuromuscular blocker was given until the liver graft was implanted and reperfused. Fifteen minutes after reperfusion another 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium was given IV and recovery time from attaining complete neuromuscular block to return of the fourth twitch of a train-of-four was recorded. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative liver function. Group I consisted of 17 patients with immediate normal liver graft function. Group II consisted of four patients with primary dysfunction (PDF) [peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2000 U/L, prothrombin time > 16 s, and poor quality and quantity of bile within 3 days postoperatively] which eventually recovered normal function. Group III consisted of one patient with PNF (uncorrectable coagulopathy, severe metabolic acidosis, rising AST and ALT, and minimal or no bile output), whose graft never recovered. Recovery time in Groups II and III was prolonged compared to Group I (P < 0.05). Recovery time in Group III was prolonged compared to Group II (P < 0.05). A test based on these results using a recovery time of > 135 min as a predictor of PDF has a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 76%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Duration of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block as a predictor of liver allograft dysfunction. 786 19

To document the number of individuals who might qualify for interferon therapy and what impact the costs of treatment will have on the health care system, the serologic and biochemical profiles of 140 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive individuals of Asian descent (72 Vietnamese, 69 Chinese) were evaluated with respect to their hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and biochemical parameters (ALT, bilirubin, and prothrombin time). The mean +/- SD age of the study population was 33.5 +/- 13.4 y. Eighty-six (61%) were male. The HBeAg was positive in 64 (46%) of cases (41% of Vietnamese and 51% of Chinese) with no apparent sexual predilection. The ALT values exceeded 1.5 x normal in 23/64 (36%) cases. Mean serum bilirubin and prothrombin times were within normal limits. The results of this study demonstrate that approximately 50% of HBsAg positive immigrants from Southeast Asia are also HBeAg positive, and 36% of these individuals have elevated ALT values (> 1.5 x normal). Thus, according to estimated carrier rates and present guidelines for treatment, approximately 1-2% of the total Southeast Asian immigrant population are candidates for interferon therapy. With an immigrant population of approximately 900,000 and a cost of $6,500/patient, the total cost to the Canadian health care system will approach $100 million, or 1.3% of the present health care budget. These results underscore the need for a reappraisal of present treatment guidelines and implementation of universal vaccination in this country.
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PMID:A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic survey of chronic hepatitis B virus infections in Southeast Asian immigrants residing in a Canadian urban centre. 786 49

Circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in 13 children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (seven with type 1 and six with type 2). In untreated children with type 1 AIH, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were elevated when compared to those of healthy controls (p < 0.005, p < 0.02, p = 0.06, respectively), whereas in children with type 2 AIH, cytokine levels were normal in all except one sample. A significant decrease in circulating IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha was observed when patients were evaluated during a subsequent remission. We found no significant correlation of cytokine levels with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, total serum gamma-globulins, or prothrombin activity. In patients with cirrhosis, serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels were higher (significantly in the case of IL-8) than those of patients without cirrhosis. In conclusion, activation of the in vivo production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha appears to be associated with type 1 but not with type 2 AIH.
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PMID:Circulating levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in children with autoimmune hepatitis. 788 14

Factors predictive of the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C remain to be identified. In this study, we investigated factors predictive of the short-term response, defined as a return to normal alanine aminotransferase activity after treatment, and the long-term response defined as normal alanine aminotransferase activity 1 year after completing treatment, in 75 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus treated with recombinant alpha interferon (either 6 MU x 3/week for 3 months then 3 MU x 3/week for 3 months (n = 27) or 3 MU x 3/week for 6 months (n = 48)). At the end of treatment, 42 patients (56%) had normal alanine aminotransferase activity ("responders") and 33 (44%) had high alanine aminotransferase activity ("non-responders"). Twenty (48%) of the 42 responders had normal alanine aminotransferase activity 1 year after treatment ("sustained responders"), while 22 (52%) had high alanine aminotransferase activity ("transient responders"). The dosage of interferon was not predictive of the short-term and the long-term response to treatment. The responders differed significantly from the non-responders in terms of age, i.v. drug abuse, aspartate aminotransferase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities, bilirubinemia, serum bile acid concentrations, prothrombin time, platelet count, ferritinemia, hyaluronic acid levels, positivity for the antibody to 5.1.1 of the recombinant immunoblot assay band and the histological fibrosis score. The following parameters were independently correlated with the short-term response in a multivariate analysis: gammaglutamyltranspeptidase activity, serum bile acid concentrations and positivity for the antibody to 5.1.1 of the recombinant immunoblot assay band.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors predictive of the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 796 8

The prognostic influence on mortality of parameters available in an emergency Unit is studied in patients with acquired community pneumonia (ACP) requiring hospitalization. Three hundred and thirty patients admitted consecutively from the emergency unit of a general hospital were evaluated. Radiological, analytical, clinical, and demographic data were recorded. The parameters associated with greater mortality were: age, absence of thoracic pain, obnubilation, hypotension, elevation in urea, GOT, GPT, LDH, decrease in prothrombin activity, pO2, pH, albumin, and the affectation of more than one lobe in a radiography of the thorax. Considering the parameters associated with a higher relative risk (age > 65 years, urea > 50 mg/dl, LDH > 460 U/l and prothrombin < 70%), the presence of three or four of these variables shaved a sensibility of 59 percent and a specificity of 93 percent in predicting mortality. In the multivariant analysis remained as significant: age, obnubilation, elevation in LDH, and decrease in the activity of prothrombin and pH. Appropriate knowledge of the prognostic factors in CAP allows for early determination of patients who require special attention in both diagnosis and in treatment upon hospitalization.
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PMID:[The prognostic factors of mortality in community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization]. 802 88

The changes in the concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the plasma as well as in the liver were investigated in rats with endotoxin hepatitis. Hepatitis was induced by intraperitoneal co-administration of small doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin and D-galactosamine. In the liver, the concentration of GSH decreased and that of GSSG increased 12 hr later. In the plasma taken from the right atrium, the concentration of both GSH and GSSG increased. The GSH/GSSG ratio in the plasma decreased, as it did in the liver. The net sinusoidal efflux of GSH and GSSG from the liver was calculated by subtracting their concentrations in plasma of the infrahepatic, suprarenal inferior vena cava from those of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. The efflux started to increase as early as 2-4 hr after the injection of the toxins. In contrast, a leakage of alanine aminotransferase, an elongation of prothrombin time, an inhibition of starvation ketosis, and an increase in serum concentration of total bilirubin were detected as late as 6-8 hr after the injection. We conclude that endotoxin/D-galactosamine hepatitis induced an increase in plasma concentrations of GSH as well as GSSG by increasing the efflux of these peptides from the liver, and that changes in plasma glutathione status might be useful and sensitive markers for liver damage.
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PMID:Increased sinusoidal efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione in rats with endotoxin/D-galactosamine hepatitis. 802 75

Primary graft dysfunction occurs in up to 10% of liver transplant recipients and is the major reason for early mortality and retransplantation. The conventionally used markers of early graft function--i.e., correction of acidosis, glucose requirement, consumption of potassium, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), prothrombin time (PT), bile flow, resolution of encephalopathy and haemodynamic instability can be very misleading as they are dependent on numerous other factors. The aim of this study was to assess the use of indocyanine green clearance (ICG) as a measure of graft function. Peripheral ICG clearance was measured 18-24 hr after liver transplantation in twenty-three consecutive patients (24 transplants). Doppler ultrasonography confirmed normal hepatic arterial blood flow. Correlations between ICG clearance and other markers of graft function and outcome were sought. The mean ICG clearance was 406 mls/min (SD 137.5). A threshold value of 200 ml/min reliably predicted outcome. Significant correlations were found between ICG clearance and times to normalization of PT (P < 0.02) and to the correction of acidosis (P < 0.05). No correlation was found with ALT, PT, bile flow, glucose requirement, or consumption of potassium. ICG clearance measured on the day after liver transplantation accurately reflects graft function and may be used to predict graft survival and final outcome.
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PMID:A pilot study of indocyanine green clearance as an early predictor of graft function. 804 38

Acute hepatic failure was induced in 50 male rabbits by D-galactosamine HCl (1 g per kg bw), and the effects of prostaglandin E1 on this model were investigated. Twelve hours after the administration of D-galactosamine HCl, a continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 or 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) was started. Ten animals in each group were observed until the time of death and mean survival times were compared between the groups. Five animals in each group were used for the determination of regional blood flows and brain water content. After the injections of D-galactosamine HCl, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity rose markedly and prothrombin time was prolonged. The administration of prostaglandin E1 did not affect these levels. However, the survival time in the prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (48.2 +/- 10.4 h) was significantly longer (p < 0.005, p < 0.01) than those in the untreated group (24.9 +/- 5.0 h) and the prostaglandin E1 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (28.1 +/- 5.8 h). Prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 inhibited elevations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and significantly inhibited the decrease of urine volume and urinary sodium excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of prostaglandin E1 on experimental acute hepatic failure in rabbits: prostaglandin E1 prevents the development of multiple-organ failure. 805 85


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