Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute liver dysfunction was analyzed in 15 patients who received a modified Fontan operation for single ventricle in nine (atrial isomerism, seven) and tricuspid or mitral atresia in six. Nine patients had elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels above 1000 U/L during the first week. As an analysis of postoperative liver function during the first week, the highest values of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and total bilirubin and the lowest prothrombin time were scored from 0 to 4 within each parameter, and totaled to give a liver dysfunction score. The liver dysfunction score was 0 to 2 (no or trivial injury) in five patients, 3 to 5 (mild) in two, and 6 to 11 (moderate or severe) in eight (53.3%). The group operated on for single ventricle had a higher incidence (67%) of a liver dysfunction score of 6 or higher than the other group (33%). A multivariate analysis for the prediction of the liver dysfunction score mainly from early postoperative hemodynamics showed the highest correlation with cardiac index, followed by urine output, systolic arterial pressure, and central venous pressure. One patient required plasmapheresis. Four died early (less than 1 month); three of these had a liver dysfunction score of 6 or higher. Those with scores of 6 or above had higher serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels at 1 month after operation than those with scores less than 5. In three patients (single ventricle), hepatic venous oxygen saturation was monitored and showed a marked decrease to below 20% with subsequent acute liver dysfunction. These results indicate that acute liver dysfunction appears to occur in patients with complex lesions after a modified Fontan operation from possible hepatic hypoperfusion and that low cardiac output may be more crucial than high central venous pressure alone.
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PMID:Acute liver dysfunction after modified Fontan operation for complex cardiac lesions. Analysis of the contributing factors and its relation to the early prognosis. 339 44

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new injectable cephalosporin, was used in 12 pediatric patients with infections. The following is a summary of the results: The 12 cases included 3 cases of tonsillitis (pathogen: Haemophilus parainfluenzae in 1 case, Haemophilus influenzae in 2 cases), 4 cases of pneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case, pathogen unknown in 3 cases), 2 cases of nephropyelitis (Escherichia coli in 2 cases), 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis (pathogen unknown), 1 case of purulent thyroiditis (mixed infection of Streptococcus milleri, Haemophilus aphrophilus and anaerobes), and 1 case of vulvar abscess (E. coli). Dose levels of CZON were 42.9 approximately 93.3 mg/kg/day divided into 3 or 4 times and the drug was intravenously injected for 6 to 12 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases, with the efficacy rate of 75.0%. The 3 cases with poor efficacy consisted of 1 case each of pneumonia complicated with chronic granulomatosis, purulent thyroiditis associated with piriform recess fistula, and purulent lymphadenitis of armpit developed after surgical operation of congenital heart disease. In the first 2 cases satisfactory efficacy was not obtained by chemotherapy alone, and complete cure was seen after surgical operation. Side effects were not observed clinically. One case each of slight prolongation of prothrombin time and transient elevations of GOT and GPT values were noted but no severe abnormalities were found in laboratory tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 359 92

Corticosteroids, azathioprine and antiviral agents have a questionable effect on CAH B. Chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent, was used to treat 7 patients with histologically confirmed CAH B. All were HBeAb positive. A working hypothesis considering cellular death in CAH B as the result of lysosomal enzyme liberation by activated Kupffer cells was the basis for treatment. In this model T lymphocytes have only an immunoregulatory role. Clinical and laboratory follow-up was done for 6-16 months (median 12 months). Serum chloroquine levels were recorded by a fluorimetric method. 150-450 mg of chloroquine base were administered according to bio-chemical disease activity. In all patients AST and ALT values returned to normal and there was a fall in serum delta GT and improvement of prothrombin time. an increase of globulins was noted. Inadvertent drug withdrawal resulted in aminotransferase increase in 3 patients with prompt restoration of normal values on readministration. One patient refused to continue the drug and died after two months. Variceal bleeding was the cause of death of a second patient. No side effects were noted. A repeat liver biopsy, a year later (4 patients) revealed inactive cirrhosis in all. Chloroquine administration is a safe treatment for patients with CAH B. Further studies are justified.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic active hepatitis B (CAH B) with chloroquine: a preliminary report. 375 92

The prevalence of delta coinfection in course of acute B hepatitis has been studied in two periods (September-November 1984: 51 cases; April-June 1985: 50 cases). The prevalence resulted of 37.2% in the first period and of 48% in the second, without a statistically significant increase. Delta coinfection did not show greater severity, as evaluated by the levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin and prothrombin activity, than hepatitis B not coinfected. The only factor of risk statistically significant for the acquisition of delta coinfection was i.v. drug abuse.
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PMID:[Delta co-infection: prevalence, severity and association with risk factors]. 382 88

Quantitative and qualitative measures of liver function were investigated in rabbits with chronic renal failure (CRF) induced 3 months earlier by surgical reduction of renal mass, and compared with a sham-operated control group. In the CRF group the galactose elimination capacity (GEC) was significantly decreased by 25%, but when related to liver weight the difference was not statistically significant. The clearance of antipyrine was unaffected. The serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were similar in the two groups. The prothrombin index was increased by 20%, and the serum albumin concentration decreased by 9%. By light microscopy no significant morphological changes were found in the livers of the CRF rabbits. The results do not indicate significant changes of the hepatic functional status during moderate chronic renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Functional status of the liver during chronic renal failure: an experimental study in the rabbit. 393 5

The incidence and degree of liver injury was prospectively evaluated in 44 children, ages between 4 months and 14 years (mean age, 4.5 years) treated for tuberculosis with 15 to 20 mg isoniazid/kg/day and 15 mg rifampin/kg/day (INH-RIF). None of the patients had hepatic dysfunction before initiation of treatment. Elevation of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration (greater than 100 units) occurred in 36 patients (82%). One patient with an increase in the ALT value had coincidental infection with hepatitis B. The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not correlate with the patients' age or sex. Fifteen of the 36 patients developed clinical hepatitis with jaundice. In 7 patients liver enlargement and prolongation of the prothrombin time were also observed. In all but one patient liver dysfunction was recognized 6 to 30 days (mean, 14 days) after start of treatment. Biochemical signs of hepatic injury in the 35 surviving patients regressed completely without alteration of the INH-RIF regimen in 22 patients. These facts suggest the possibility that hepatocellular damage may be due to the effect of tubercle bacilli products liberated in the liver after their destruction by antituberculous drugs. However, the high rate of hepatotoxic reactions warns that the dose of 10 mg INH/kg/day should not be exceeded when that drug is combined with RIF.
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PMID:Hepatotoxic reactions in children with severe tuberculosis treated with isoniazid-rifampin. 400 Sep 89

Nineteen weanling ponies and 1 adult pony were given a single oral dose of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Dosages were: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.4 mg of AFB1/kg of body weight. Vital signs were monitored, and whole blood and serum collected for analysis of serum enzymes, prothrombin time, blood cell counts, and serum urea nitrogen. Ponies that died were examined for gross lesions, and tissues were collected for histopathologic examination and analysis of AFB1 and AFM1 residues. Two of the 4 ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose and all ponies given the larger dosages died within 76 hours. Clinical signs included increased rectal temperature, faster heart and respiratory rates, abdominal straining, bloody feces, and tetanic convulsions. At necropsy, ponies that died of acute aflatoxicosis showed visceral petechiae and hepatic focal lesions. Histopathologic changes included severe hepatic necrosis, vacuolation, and bile duct hyperplasia. Aflatoxins B1 and M1 were recovered from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal contents. One other pony given the 2 mg/kg dose died 32 days after dosing, and 1 control pony died after 70 days. Continuous elevations in prothrombin time and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were observed in ponies dosed at 4 mg/kg or more. Significant (P less than 0.05) elevations in these values, which peaked 2 to 3 days after dosing, were seen in ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose. This group also had significant increases over controls in PCV and hemoglobin concentration 5 days after dosing.
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PMID:Acute experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in the weanling pony. 613 67

Relationships between Normotest, prothrombin time, albumin, gamma-globulin, GPT, and the hepatic fractional clearance of 198Au-colloids as a measure of effective hepatic blood flow were studied by correlation analysis, in 50 patients with liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Simple correlation coefficients were highly significant between Normotest, prothrombin time, albumin, and the hepatic fractional clearance; however, not between GPT or gamma-globulin and the other parameters. Further correlation analysis revealed a highly significant partial correlation coefficient between Normotest and albumin and the hepatic clearance; however, not between Normotest and albumin. As effective hepatic blood flow is considered to be proportional to the liver parenchymal volume, the above results indicate that vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, as well as albumin, reflect the liver cell mass.
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PMID:Correlation analysis of relationships between vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors and effective hepatic blood flow, albumin and other liver function tests. 615 68

Sixty male workers in a lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)-producing factory were examined with regard to health in comparison with an external control group of 20 clerks. Case history, physical examination, neurologic status, and ECG revealed no significant differences between groups. However, the following significant differences in clinical-chemical blood tests were ascertained: higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher reticulocyte count, lower prothrombin (Quick's) test, and lower blood concentrations of creatinine and uric acid. No significant differences were observed in total red and white blood cell as well as platelet counts, hemoglobin content, the other counts of differential blood picture, gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH, cholinesterase, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea. In spite of a pronounced exposure to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, no signs of severe impairment of health were observed; only small deviations in some laboratory tests were found having no pathologic significance. However, biological monitoring and health supervision of HCH-exposed workers should be carried out.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane. II. Health conditions of chronically exposed workers. 616 31

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured in 133 biopsy-proven patients with various liver diseases. The correlation between CIC levels and other laboratory findings was investigated in each disease group, in order to assess if the increased C1q-binding activity found in these patients was related to particular features of the disease. CIC levels were not significantly different in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients. No correlation was found between CIC levels and serum bilirubin, AST, ALT and C3 levels. A negative correlation with C4 levels and a positive correlation with immunoglobulin levels were found in the majority of the patients, while prothrombin time and albumin levels were negatively correlated to CIC levels only in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Increased CIC levels could represent a response to gut-associated antigens, a passive accumulation due to reduced hepatic function or both.
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PMID:Significance of circulating C1q-binding activity in chronic liver disease: a study of 133 cases. 633 89


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