Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 131 patients on a medical service and 97 patients on a surgical service, in whom a diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease was verified in the hospital, the diagnostic value of routine liver tests performed soon after admission was evaluated by stepwise discriminant analysis. By measurements of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma globulin, prothrombin time, bilirubin, and albumin, half of the medical patients were correctly classified into one of seven diagnostic categories. Aminotransferase contributed most to the classification, being twice as effective as random allocation. Decreasing the number of diagnostic categories to three (hepatitis, fatty liver, and chronic liver disease) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 80%. The allocation of all the patients to seven medical and four surgical diagnostic categories by means of four tests (aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, prothrombin time, and bilirubin) was significantly improved by each step with a misclassification rate of 55% when all tests were used. A reduction of the diagnostic groups to five (hepatitis, fatty liver, chronic liver disease, duct obstruction and tumor) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 63%. The analysis demonstrates the limited diagnostic effectiveness of routine liver tests when used alone. The absolute discrimination values depend on the a priori frequencies of the diagnostic groups investigated, and therefore may vary from time to time and from place to place.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of routine liver tests. 4 96

(1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. 5 21

In a multicentre, cooperative study into the treatment of extensive psoriasis with a new aromatic retinoid (Ro 10--9359) trichogram, liver function tests and the light erythema threshold were investigated. In some of the patients hair loss occurred, usually in the fifth to eighth week after a total dose of 1.9 g retinoid. In all cases this improved an average of six weeks after dose reduction or cessation of treatment. The trichogram in 27 patients showed a diffuse toxic hair loss. In 70% the effluvium was telogenic, in 22% telogen-dystrophic. GPT, GOT, alkaline phosphatase and prothrombin index showed no significant alterations during retinoid treatment. However, in individual cases there was a rise in GOT and GPT up to 80 U/l. Furthermore there was a statistical tendency in rising bilirubin levels. Finally there was no evidence for an increase in light sensitivity after three weeks of retinoid treatment. Measurement of the erythema threshold showed rather more a reduction in light sensitivity under treatment.
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PMID:[Hair growth, liver function and light sensitivity during oral retinoid therapy for psoriasis (author's transl)]. 43 1

Numerous laboratory parameters were examined 235 patients with generalized psoriasis treated orally with retinoid and in 35 patients treated topically with anthralin as control. Computer evaluation of the obtained data revealed statistical trends to elevation of the total serum bilirubin level and increasing number of blood monocytes after long-term oral treatment. No other statistically significant changes of the laboratory data were found. Particularly, the liver function tests (transaminases, prothrombin and alkaline phosphatase) showed no significant alterations. Only in a few cases did the retinoid compound have an influence on the GPT and GOT levels. The reasons for this individual sensitivity to the drug remain unknown. No significant alterations were found in the control group treated topically with anthralin.
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PMID:Laboratory investigations in patients with generalized psoriasis under oral retinoid treatment. A multicenter study of computerized data. 47 44

Six patients suffering from chronic liver disease attributed to oxyphenisatin ingestion are presented. They seem to be the first such cases reported in France. These patients were between 22 and 69 years old, 5 of them were female. Three patients had a chronic active hepatitis (CAH). In these three subjects the onset of the illness was a jaundice ; alanine transaminase (ALAT) exceeded 5 times the upper limit of the normal value ; smooth muscle antibodies were present in 2 patients and antinuclear antibodies in the third. Two other patients had cirrhosis, without chronic active hepatitis ; none presented autoantibodies. The sixth patient suffered from a subacute hepatitis, suggested by the presence of jaundice and ascites, high levels of serum ALAT and a very prolonged prothrombin time ; smooth muscle antibodies were present. In all cases, HBs Ag was absent from serum. Each patient had ingested laxative pills containing oxyphenisatin for 4 to 25 years ; the total amount ingested was comprised between 12.5 and 350 g. The chronic liver diseases reported in this series closely resemble those published in the literature. The lesions observed make it necessary to look for oxyphenisatin ingestion in every patient having CAH or cirrhosis without known etiology. These chronic liver diseases imply the rapid withdrawal of oxyphenisatin from french market, as already enforced in Australia and the United States.
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PMID:[Oxyphenisatin, a laxative responsible for chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, still marketed in France (author's transl)]. 50 28

The 2-n-propyl (pr) and 2-n-butyl (bu) methylenedioxyindenes (MDIs) developed in our laboratories are intracellular calcium antagonists with coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic actions. Acute toxicity studies resulted, in mice, in an iv LD50 of 40 and 32 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively, and an ip LD50 of 185 mg/kg for both MDIs. In rats, the ip LD50 was 175 and 240 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively. An iv dose of 16 mg/kg decreased motor activity and prolonged barbiturate sleeping time in mice, but did not affect conditioned avoidance behavior or motor coordination tests. In sub-acute toxicity studies, rats received daily for 4 weeks 26.25 or 52.5 mg/kg ip of either MDIs, while mice received 23.13 or 46.25 mg/kg ip of either MDIs. No alterations were observed in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, uric acid, prothrombin time, and bromsulphalein retention. Blood glucose was slightly lowered. Serum calcium was slightly lowered in male mice. The higher dose of pr-MDI elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in rats. Both MDIs elevated serum isocitric dehydrogenase in male rats. Light microscopic examination of brain, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, and myocardium showed no anomalies resulting from the 4-week MDI treatment, and electron microscopic examination of hepatocytes revealed no deleterious effects of either MDIs.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of new calcium antagonists: 2-substituted 3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes. 51 12

Silymarin has been claimed to have a benificial effect in various types of liver injury. In a prospective study in patients with acute viral hepatitis (n = 151) the effectiveness of this drug on the cause of the disease was tested. The groups with and without Silymarin (Legalon) were comparable concerning age and sex distribution and the frequency of HBs-antigen positive hepatitis; Laboratory findings (total serum bilirubin, activity of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase and prothrombin time) were determined in intervals of 5 to 7 days over a period of 5 weeks beginning with the onset of jaundice. There were no statistical significant differences between both groups in the decrease of mean values of all parameters tested. The frequency of nearly normalized values of transaminases and serum bilirubin after 10, 20 and 30 days was not higher in the group treated with Silymarin as compared to the controls. It is concluded that Silymarin has no favourable effects on the cause of acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Report of a controlled trial (author's transl)]. 84 Jan 25

The plasma half lives of antipyrine, paracetamol, and lignocaine given by mouth were measured in 23 patients with stable chronic liver diseases of varying severity. Fifteen patients received all three drugs and 19 at least two. The half life of paracetamol was abnormally prolonged in nine out of 17 patients (mean 2-9 hours, normal 2-0 hours), of antipyrine in 10 out of 19 patients (mean 30-4 hours, normal 12-0 hours), and of lignocaine in 19 out of 21 patients (mean 6-6 hours, normal 1-4 hours). Prolongation of the half lives of all three drugs was significantly correlated with an increase of the vitamin-K1-corrected prothrombin time ratio and a reduction in serum albumin concentration. There was no correlation with serum bilirubin concentration or serum alanine aminotransferase activity. This suggests that impaired drug elimination was related to depressed hepatic protein synthesis. Considerable prolongation of the half life of one drug was invariably associated with delayed elimination of the others. The half life of lignocaine, however, was always the most prolonged and was a highly sensitive indicator of hepatic dysfunction. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of a drug as well as the severity of liver disease should be taken into account when considering drug dosage in patients with chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Antipyrine, paracetamol, and lignocaine elimination in chronic liver disease. 86 46

Sublethal doses of vincristine (VNC) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered simultaneously to adult male mice resulted in markedly enhanced mortality. All of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 4 of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and 6 of 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were able to substitute for purified LPS in enhancing mortality in VNC-treated mice. Inoculation of mice with each of 10 strains of Pseudomonas, each of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and about half of the 10 strains of Listeria tested elicited increased resistance to the lethal action of purified LPS. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of 2 mg of LPS/kg and 1 mg of VNC/kg resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of 10 mg of VNC/kg alone or 15 mg of LPS/kg alone with respect to (i) serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase activity, (ii) hematocrit values, and (iii) thrombocytopenia. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of LPS and VNC resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS alone with respect to (i) hypothermia, (ii) retention of sulfobromophthalein, (iii) fibrinogen level, (iv) prothrombin activity, (v) blood urea nitrogen levels, and (vi) time of death. These data are consistent with the proposition that the combination of VNC and LPS produces a fatal renal failure. Histological studies confirmed that there was extensive renal damage in mice treated with lethal doses of LPS alone or a lethal combination of LPS and VNC.
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PMID:Enhanced toxicity for mice of combinations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and vincristine. 94 80

1. Rats were given moderate-selenium (4-5 mg/kg) or low-Se (0-5 mg/kg) diets during gestation and lactation. Their young were given diets with high (10 mg/kg), moderate or low Se contents from weaning, and groups of rats were killed at intervals during the 14-week experimental peroid. 2. Compared with young rats which received the low-Se diet, those which received the moderate- or high-Se diets had a high incidence of liver lesions and there were changes in liver Se content, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, prothrombin activity, fibrinogen content, spleen weight, body water and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminas (L-aspartate : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1 and L-alanine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities. In those rats which received the high-Se diet the changes were more pronounced than in those which received the moderate-Se diet. 3. In young rats from dams given moderate-Se diets, which were themselves given the moderate-Se diet, the liver Se content decreased continuously, whereas rats given the same diet but from dams which had received the low-Se diet, the liver Se content increased continuously. There was a slight improvement of symptoms of Se toxicity in all groups by the 5th week of the experimental peroid. 4. The results suggest that there was an adaptation to chronic Se intake.
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PMID:Effects of ingestion of organic selenium in adapted and non-adapted rats. 112 69


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