Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of our study was the biochemical and functional examination of the liver during the therapy of familiar hyperlipoproteinemia by means of MevacorR (lovostatine) in comparison with the treatment by Vasosan S (cholestyramine). We examined 20 patients treated with a daily dose of MevacorR being 20-40 mg and, 18 patients treated with a daily dose of Vasosan S being 16-32 g for the period of 12 weeks. During the therapy the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) activity, functional test of the liver, biological half-time of antipyrine (t 1/2 antipyrine) were investigated at the onset and at the end of the study. We discovered that at the end of the treatments by MevacorR and Vasosan S the hypolipidemic effect increased (cholesterol p < 0.001, LDL cholesterol p < 0.001), and there was difference in the effect on HDL-cholesterol and in that on triacylglycerols. During the treatment we discovered that due to both medicaments the liver enzymes activity increased to a different extent. At the beginning of the study the antipyrine biological half-time statistically increased in both investigated groups, namely in comparison with the control group. At the end of the treatments in both groups the antipyrine half-time was prolonged, however not significantly. Prior to long-term therapy by hypolipidemics the authors recommend biochemical and functional examination of the liver. (Tab. 4, Fig. 8, Ref. 7.)
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PMID:[Biochemical and functional study of the liver during treatment of familial hyperlipoproteinemia with Mevacor (lovastatin) and Vasosan S (cholestyramine)]. 788 60

Liver cirrhosis (LC) in habitual drinkers is divided into three categories: (1) alcoholic LC, (2) LC due to hepatitis C virus and alcohol, and (3) LC due to hepatitis C virus. In Japan, the frequency of LC related to hepatitis B virus in habitual drinkers is comparatively low. Although making a distinct differentiation is very difficult, it is possible to point out some characteristics which ars due to either alcohol or hepatitis C virus: (1) multiple spider angioma, acne rosacea, and palmar erythema are more frequently found in categories 1 and 2 than in 3, (2) levels of AST/ALT, gamma-GTP, TG, ALP, lactate, and UA are higher in category 1 than in 3, (3) enlargement of both lobes is observed in category 1, and (4) abnormality due to alcohol improves relatively soon after abstinence of alcohol.
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PMID:[Differentiation alcoholic liver cirrhosis from viral liver cirrhosis]. 790 45

Normal concentrations of some blood constituents were determined in young male Najdi (Saudi) camels. The mean values were as follows: total protein = 62.3 +/- 8.9 g/l, albumin = 33.5 +/- 8.9 g/l, bilirubin = 8.7 +/- 1.7 mumol/l, urea = 6.6 +/- 1 mumol/l, uric acid = 232 +/- 35.7 mumol/l, iron = 10.4 +/- 5.7 mumol/l, total iron binding capacity = 40.4 + 7.3 mumol/l, AST = 12 +/- 5 IU/l ALT = 9 +/- 4 IU/l and ALP = 42.6 + 21.3 IU/l. These values were compared with those reported by other investigators in camels with different ages, sexes and breeds as well as with blood constituents in true ruminants.
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PMID:Normal concentrations of some blood constituents in young Najdi camels (Camelus dromedarius). 791 62

The new method of hyperthermochemotherapy by the isolated liver perfusion technique without oxygenation is developed using beagle dogs. In this study, we investigated the influence of this method on the liver and other organs. The isolated liver perfusion was performed at the rate of 75-100 ml/min through the portal vein for 30 min under the V-V bypass. Experimental groups were divided as following; Croup I (n = 5): The perfusate was lactate Ringer's solution without oxygenation and kept at 42 degrees C. Group II (n = 5), Mitomycin C (10 micrograms/ml) was added to the perfusate used in Group I. During the perfusion the liver temperature was kept at 41 degrees C. PH of the liver and AKBR returned quickly to preperfusion level after liver perfusion. In the both groups, GOT, GPT, ALP were elevated, and returned to normal range within 14 days, although GPT was significantly high until the 5th day in Group II compared with Group I. In the values of amylase, BUN and Cr., no remarkable changes were observed, and any histologic damage of the liver and other organs was not found on day 14. In conclusion, this new hyperthermochemotherapy system could be a simple and safe method, and should be applicable for clinical cases.
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PMID:[An experimental study of hyperthermochemotherapy without oxygenation by isolated liver perfusion]. 796 18

The physical, clinicopathologic, and survival rates of 77 cats with severe spontaneous hepatic lipidosis are detailed in this report. Cats were subdivided into groups designated as idiopathic lipidosis if no other disease process was recognized, or secondary lipidosis if another disease process was diagnosed. Cats were also subdivided into groups designated as survivors or nonsurvivors on the basis of successful recuperation at 4 months after initial diagnosis. Differences between disease and survival groups were evaluated for significance. Overall, more female cats and middle-aged cats were affected. Presenting complaints of vomiting, anorexia, weakness, and weight loss were common. Physical assessment of most cats showed obvious hepatomegaly, jaundice, dehydration, and a weight loss > or = 25% of usual body weight. Neurobehavioral signs indicative of hepatic encephalopathy, other than ptyalism and depression, were rare. Clinicopathologic features are characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and increased activities of serum ALT, AST, and ALP, with only small if any increase in gamma GT activity. Clinical features distinguishing cats with hepatic lipidosis from those with other serious cholestatic disorders include absence of hyperglobulinemia and low gamma GT activity relative to ALP activity. Although coagulation tests were abnormal in 45% of cats tested (n = 44), few cats showed clinical bleeding tendencies. Most cats received prophylactic vitamin K1 therapy. Forty two cats received aggressive nutritional and supportive care and of these 55% survived. Cats with idiopathic disease were significantly younger, had significantly higher ALP activity and bilirubin concentration, and had a slightly better survival rate than cats with secondary lipidosis. Low PCV, hypokalemia, and an older age were significantly related to nonsurvival. Because of the variety of diets and food supplements used in case management, the influence of nutritional factors on survival could not be evaluated.
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PMID:A retrospective study of 77 cats with severe hepatic lipidosis: 1975-1990. 811 31

The pathogenetic mechanism underlying glucose intolerance in pancreatic cancer is still unclear. We studied the pattern of three glucose regulating hormones (C-peptide, glucagon and GH) in pancreatic cancer patients with (N = 34) and without (N = 8) hyperglycemia, and compared the findings made with those from subjects with other hyperglycemic conditions of well-known origin [type I diabetes mellitus (8 cases) and diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (13 cases) or liver cirrhosis (4 cases)]. In hyperglycemic pancreatic cancer patients, C-peptide was absent in 26% of the cases, reduced in 24%, elevated in 29% and within the normal range in the remaining 21%. In normoglycemic pancreatic cancer this hormone was reduced in two cases (25%) and within the normal range in all the others. GH was within the normal range in all cases: glucagon was below the normal range in some hyperglycemic pancreatic cancer patients (41%) or within the normal range in all the remaining patients. No correlations were found between the three hormones when findings from subjects were considered all together. However, in pancreatic cancer C-peptide and glucagon presented consensual variations. C-peptide, glucagon and GH levels were not related to tumor volume; glucagon was found to be associated with liver metastases. C-peptide was correlated with serum ALT and ALP. We may conclude that hyperglycemia associated with pancreatic cancer may be caused by different mechanisms. In some cases a reduced secretion of both insulin and glucagon was observed, as occurs in chronic pancreatitis. In the majority of patients, beta cell function appears normal, and the hyperglycemic state may depend on an altered peripheral sensitivity to insulin due to the pancreatic pathology itself or to consensual liver involvement.
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PMID:C-peptide pattern in patients with pancreatic cancer. 813 97

Cholestyramine was used for the first time in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia by Tenneton in 1960 and it persist in the treatment to the present time. The authors had the opportunity to monitor under clinical conditions the hypolipidaemic action of cholestyramine - the preparation Vasosan (manufactured by AG Chemie, Germany) in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia of different origin, and also when associated with hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The authors revealed that Vasosan S reduced significantly total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B even after brief treatment (12 weeks) even when there is also hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The decrease of triacylglycerols is not significant, and the increase of HDL-cholesterol is not significant either. Vasosan does not affect the activity of AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin, it is well tolerated and causes few gastrointestinal side-effects which do not call for discontinuation of treatment.
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PMID:[Vasosan S--a cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia of various etiopathogenesis]. 814 Jul 67

The Authors have studied the changes of GOT, GPT, ALP, CPK and Se in buffaloes under different physiological conditions (age, diet, different pre and post partum times). 99 adult buffaloes were classified in 8 groups on the basis of different pre, post partum time intervals. Moreover, other 39 animals were divided into 4 groups: A = 60-90 day old animals, fed with reconstituted milk supplemented with Vit E; B = same age, fed with maternal milk; C = 6-8 month old animals; D = 12-18 month old animals. In the various classes of animals blood ALP, GPT, GOT, CPK and Se were monitored. Results showed that the high variability in blood activity of the studied enzymes suggest that in establishing their reference values the physiological condition of the subject and the time interval from the parturition must be taken into account. The fact that Se was not detectable in many pregnant animals suggests that the prevention of myodistrophy in buffalo calves must be effected in prenatal epoch.
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PMID:Some blood parameters of water buffalo in different physiological conditions. 819 7

Measurement of the serum enzyme activity is generally used as a screening test for hepatic and biliary diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of serum enzyme activity as indices of health by analyzing relationships to changes in nutrient intakes. The results obtained were as follows: In cross-sectional studies gamma-GTP (1) and LDH-4 and -5 isozyme levels had a significant negative correlation to dietary intakes of vitamin C and protein, but total serum gamma-GTP and LDH activities had no correlation. Intake trials of these nutrients showed that high intake levels of vitamin C related to decrease in isozymes levels while low protein intake resulted in increases. Serum GPT activity had a negative relationship to vitamin C intake in men, but was not correlated with nutrient intakes in women. Serum ALP activity was affected positively with vitamin B intake in 40-79 year old men and women. There were statistically significant correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and energy, and food intake patterns.
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PMID:[Relationship of nutrient intake to serum enzyme activity]. 824 33

We studied portal hemodynamic changes by using duplex Doppler in 10 pigs with hepatic artery embolization (HAE) and hepatic artery ligation (HAL) and in 5 with HAL only. Serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase, ALT, direct and indirect bilirubin were determined simultaneously. Hepatic angiography and hepatic vascular cast were performed in the 5 pigs, and pathological examination in others. Portal venous velocity (PVV) and portal blood flow (PBF) increased after HAE, ALP, ALT, direct indirect bilirubin slightly elevated (P > 0.05) in the two groups after operation and most of them decreased subsequently within 7 days. Linear regression of PBF with ALP, ALT, direct and indirect bilirubin occurred in the experimental group. Liver necrosis was seen in all pigs of the experimental group and only one in the control group. Angiography and vascular cast showed that hepatic artery collaterals occurred at the portal hilus in the two groups and were more rich in the control group. Extrahepatic and intrahepatic arterial collaterals were seen from 1 to 3 weeks after HAE. The estimation of PVV and PBF by duplex Doppler may reflect the development of collaterals indirectly and is helpful in assessing the effect of HAE.
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PMID:[Experimental study of portal hemodynamic changes after hepatic artery embolization]. 825 4


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