Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-seven clinically healthy mature coypus were studied for some biochemical values in blood, 25 coypus were examined for the distribution of serum proteins and 20 ones for haematological values. Blood was sampled when the animals were killed and was examined by current laboratory methods. In comparison with the other animals, coypus had higher values of phosphorus and magnesium, and lower values of total protein and gamma globulins. The activity of enzymes (AST, ALT, GMT, ALP) was at the same level as in the other animals. Lower values of haemoglobin were found in coypus; the remaining haematological values are close to those in the other animals.
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PMID:[Biochemical and hematological values in the blood of the nutria]. 641 18

Ninety-six cases of cancer patients were treated with long-term oral administration of Futraful ranging more than one to five years. Group A consisted of 57 cases receiving the drug for 1-2 years and Group B of 39 cases receiving the drug for 3-5 years. In Group A abnormality of TTT was observed in 49% and also abnormality of LHD in 32% of the patients, abnormalities of hemoglobin, leucocyte count, lymphocyte per cent, GOT, GPT, ALP, Bilirubin and ZST were respectively reported in 10-20%. On the other hand, in Group B abnormalities of TTT (64%), hemoglobin (26%), LDH (21%) were observed as well as abnormalities 10-20% of leucocyte count, lymphocyte, GOT, and ALP in each approximately 10-20% of the patients. But all of the disorders were not severe and clinically not serious. These results suggested and safety of long-term oral administration of Futraful to out-patients.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis on side effects of long-term oral administration of futraful to out-patients]. 641 77

In the first test, aluminum nitrilotriacetate (Al-NTA), aluminum chloride, aluminum potassium sulfate, or saline was injected ip, employing male Wistar rats. Each group consisted of ten rats. Al was given in a dose of 5 mg Al/kg body wt/day, for 14 days. Only those rats given Al-NTA showed morphological damage of the liver and kidney. Damages included diffuse midzonal coagulation necrosis of hepatocytes and acute proximal tubular necrosis of the kidney at Day 4. Seven of ten rats given Al-NTA died within 5 days. The second test was performed in metabolic cages. Al-NTA, in a dose of 1.5 to 2.0 mg Al/kg body wt/day, and NTA, of an equivalent dose, were injected ip for 54 days. Midzonal coagulation necrosis and some regenerative changes were observed in the hepatic parenchyma at Day 8. At the end of the study, complete regeneration occurred in the liver. Biochemical tests at Days 6, 13, and 28 showed high amounts of GOT, GPT, LDH, gamma-GTP, and ALP. Necrosis of proximal tubular cells of the kidney and some regeneration was noted at Day 8. Metabolic acidosis was demonstrated at Days 6, 13, and 28. Moreover, from Day 38 on, atrophy of the nerve cells of the cerebrum and demyelination of the brain stem were observed. Control rats given NTA did not exhibit any organ damage. It is concluded that a relatively small dose of Al can produce toxicosis when given with certain metal chelators.
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PMID:Liver, kidney, and central nervous system toxicity of aluminum given intraperitoneally to rats: a multiple-dose subchronic study using aluminum nitrilotriacetate. 643 9

The thermal stability at 37 degrees C of several clinically relevant enzymes and isoenzymes was assessed by measuring changes in enzyme activity as a function of time under incubation and reaction conditions. Selwyn plots were used in the reaction-condition assessments. Except for CK-1 (BB), all the enzymes investigated are stable enough at 37 degrees C to permit assay. These enzymes were LDH-1, LDH-5, s-AspAT, m-AspAT, apo-s-AspAT, apo-m-AspAT, ALP-liver, ALP-bone, ALP-intestine, ALT, apo-ALT, CK-2, and CK-3. CK-1 is stable at 37 degrees C under assay conditions but not under incubation conditions. We specifically avoided using Arrhenius plots to evaluate thermal stability and point out pitfalls inherent in their indiscriminate use.
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PMID:Evaluation of the thermal stability of clinically relevant enzymes at 37 degrees C. 647 18

Pretreatment with nickel has earlier been shown to protect against cadmium intoxication. The effect of cadmium pretreatment on the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of nickel has been investigated. The administration of cadmium (6 mg/kg, i.m., once) to rats significantly enhanced urinary excretion of ALP, LDH, GOT, amino acids and proteins and increased the activity of serum ALP, GOT, and GPT, while the administration of nickel (6 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days) altered these parameters less significantly. These changes in urine and serum were used as a measure of renal and hepatic damage. The administration of nickel for three days, one week after cadmium treatment, caused significantly more marked enzymuria, aminoaciduria, proteinuria and an increase in the activity of serum enzymes than induced by either of them individually. However, cadmium pretreatment had no influence on urinary excretion or hepatic uptake of nickel, but increased renal uptake of nickel on the fourth day. The results suggest that cadmium enhances the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of nickel.
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PMID:Effect of cadmium pretreatment on nickel toxicity. 653 85

The authors studied the behaviour of a few cerebrospinal fluid enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP, CK, gamma-GT, PCHE) obtained from 26 patients without neurologic diseases. The stability of the enzymes has been verified in experimental various conditions, after store of the samples at different times and temperatures. This research has been carried in order to contribute to the determination of the reference values and to relieve their possible alterations.
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PMID:[Contribution to the definition of reference values of various enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid]. 653 48

Twenty-six parameters of clinical biochemical properties were determined in 72 clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs. The standard values were determined for total protein, protein spectrum, albuminoglobulin quotient, enzymic activities for AST, ALT, LD, LD-1, and ALP, for sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and chlorides, complete prameters of the acid-base balance of the blood, and the values of glucose, urea, lactic acid, and creatinin. For determining these standards, dogs were selected at the age of 6.5 months to 7 years. All the statistically processed results are obtained from a number of animals which would secure 95% reliability and accuracy of the results, which would allow for sufficient generalization. Differences concerning the influence of age were not demonstrated in any of the determined biochemical values. The results are regarded as representative standards which can be used for clinical and laboratory diagnostics and prognostics in veterinary cynology and for clinical physiology of the German Shepherd dog breed.
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PMID:[Selected biochemical values of clinically healthy dogs]. 677 70

The role of zinc (Zn) in preventing cadmium (Cd)-induced alterations of liver function and carbohydrate metabolism was studied in female rats. The animals were divided into four groups. To the diet for Group I was added 200 micrograms Cd/g of diet, to that for Group II was added 200 micrograms Zn/g of diet, and to that for Group III were added 200 micrograms Cd/g and 200 micrograms Zn/g of diet. Group IV was the control group fed normal diet. At the 11th, 26th, and 40th week of exposure, one-third of each group of animals were sacrificed and serum GPT and ALP activities, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. At the 26th and 40th week, serum GPT activity of Group I was significantly higher compared with those of Groups III and IV, and the serum glucose value of Group I was lower than that of Group III. At the 40th week, the serum insulin value of Group I was significantly higher than that of Group III. From these results, it is suggested that orally administered Zn prevents Cd-induced alterations of liver functions and the regulation of blood glucose in rats.
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PMID:Effects of zinc on cadmium-induced alterations in hepatic functions and blood glucose of rats. 683 6

Groups of 28 male and 28 female CD-1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were exposed to a mixture of 1,3-Dichloropropene and 1,2-Dichloropropane (D-D) vapors. Exposure concentrations were 0, 5 (4.7), 15 (14.4), or 50 (53.7) ppm, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 6 or 12 wk. The following parameters were evaluated: pharmacotoxic signs, body weights, hematology (HGB, HCT, RBC, WBC, and diff. leukocyte count), serum chemistry (BUN, GLU, ALB, GPT, and ALP), urinalysis, gross pathology, histopathology, organ weights, and organ weight/body weight ratios of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, testes or ovaries, and adrenals. The only exposure-related clinical effects observed were increased mean liver/body weight ratios of male rats and mean kidney/body weight ratios of female rats at the 50 ppm exposure level. Slight to moderate diffuse hepatocytic enlargement in 12 of 21 of the 50-ppm male mice after 12 wk exposure was the only compound-related histopathologic change present.
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PMID:Subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1,3-dichloropropene/1,2-dichloropropane (D-D) in mice and rats. 712 May 16

Using the both methods. RaBA-Super System (Rapid Blood Analyzer System), the clinical values for chemical constituents of blood in Shiba goats bred in Stock Farm, University of Tokyo, were determined on the following items: total protein, albumin, TTT, glucose, BUN, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, CPK, cholinesterase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) All items determined were to be analyzed by means of the RaBA-Super System, although the values for total cholesterol, TTT, ALP and CPK varied considerably with individuals. 2) The values of adult female goats were significantly higher than those of young ones in total protein and albumin, and lower in glucose, cholinesterase, ALP and CPK. 3) The values of GPT and BUN of adult female goats in summer were significantly lower than those in winter and autumn. 4) The values for triglyceride and albumin of adult female goats using the RaBA-Super System were inconsistent with those analyzed simultaneously by the manual method, but a significant linear correlation was recognized between the both methods.
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PMID:[The clinical values fro chemical constituents of blood in normal miniature Shiba goats (author's transl)]. 720 32


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