Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of feedstuffs treated with ionizing radiation on the nutrition of dogs was tested in four groups of animals. Two groups were administered for 90 days a ration, the main part of which (VETACAN meat feed mixture and VETAVIT loose feed mixture) was irradiated with radioisotope Co 60 of the intensity of 25 kGy/kg, in other two groups of dogs the nonirradiated ration was used for the same time period. The control groups of dogs were put together for these two diets. The laboratory examination of irradiated feedstuffs confirmed their complete microbiological and mycological intactness. However, the irradiation brought about a significant 35% degradation of essential amino acids with an increase of ammonia nitrogen, destructive changes in the lipid component of feedstuffs and a partial decomposition of the saccharide part of the VETAVIT feed mixture, expressed by the acidity of water extract. The sensory evaluation of irradiated feedstuffs did not show any perceptible alterations. The haematological examination of the blood of animals, which had been administered irradiated feed rations, demonstrated a significant negative influence on the blood picture. The biochemical examination of the blood serum and plasma revealed that total proteins of experimental dogs dropped and the creatinine level was also significantly decreased. Neither was the level of carbohydrate nutrition nor the energy saturation affected by irradiation. The glucose levels in the blood serum of dogs fluctuated within the range of physiological reference values. The growth of free ammoniacal bases of feedstuffs, evoked by ionizing radiation, conditioned obviously the level of actual pH of blood in dogs as determined in this study. The destruction of lipoid fraction in the feedstuffs induced a decrease in the activity of lipophile retinol and thus the biological value of feeds was impaired. The biochemical examination of ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activity did not show any increased activity of parenchyma, in particular of liver cell. A decisive role of the biological quality of feed ration for utilization of some minerals was demonstrated by a significant decrease of the magnesium level in animals administered irradiated feed rations without any biological supplementation. On the contrary, the potassium, calcium and phosphorus levels did not reflect this dietary difference between the groups.
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PMID:[The effect of feeds treated with ionizing irradiation on biochemical indicators of the nutritional value of energy nutrients]. 393 33

Clinical efficacy of piperacillin against 74 cases with complicated urinary tract infection was examined. Piperacillin was administered at the dose of 4 g (2 g twice daily) through intravenous drip infusion. The overall clinical value was rated in "excellent", in 9 cases, "moderate" in 34 cases and "poor" in 31 cases with a total efficacy of 58.1%. In the analysis of clinical values based on background, its efficacy was statistically significantly lower in the patients at a higher age, those with complication of diabetes mellitus, and those with indwelling catheter. In operated cases compared to non-operated cases, it was suggested to be more effective for improving the disturbances in urinary flow as a result of the removal of the underlying conditions by the operation. As to bacteriological efficacy, 64 out of 95 strains (67.4%) isolated were eradicated following its administration. Microbes which appeared after its dosing belonged to 9 classes of 18 strains, of which 5 strains (27.8%) of Serratia were identified. Side effects were 2.5% (3/119), no serious cases appeared. Changes in laboratory examination results were elevated GOT (2.5%), GPT (1.7%), and ALP (0.8%) values, all being transient hanges.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of efficacy of piperacillin against complicated urinary tract infections]. 396 5

The acute and subacute oral toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4 -dihydropyridine (PP-1466) was investigated in several animal species in comparison with nifedipine and nicardipine. A clear species difference in LD50 values was found in acute toxicity of PP-1466, and rabbits were the most sensitive between animal species used, then dogs, mice and rats in order. Prominent acute circulatory failure and associated secondary changes were noticed in toxic signs and autopsy findings. PP-1466 as well as nifedipine was apparently less toxic than nicardipine. In the subacute toxicity studies in rats, deaths occurred only in the 2000 mg/kg/d treated groups of both sexes of PP-1466 and nifedipine. Major changes in various observations and examinations were focussed on the cardiovascular system and liver. On the cardiovascular system, it was revealed as congestion and hemorrhage in the various organs and tissues on autopsy finding in dead rats during the test period. A dose-dependent increase in heart weight was observed in rats sacrificed at the termination of the test period. On the liver, it was revealed as a dose-dependent increase in liver weight, changes in liver lipid levels, changes in several serum biochemistry parameters, such as GOT, GPT and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities and lipid levels measured at the termination of the test period. These changes were toxicologically mild and functional except the autopsy findings in dead rats. Female rats were slightly more sensitive than males, and PP-1466 was slightly less toxic than nifedipine on subacute oral toxicity in rats.
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PMID:Acute and subacute toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1 ,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466). 402 16

Results of clinical and laboratory examination of animals experimentally infected with Taenia saginata eggs are described. At the early stage of infection, increased temperature, cough, muscle shaking and unstable pace were observed. The locomotive disorders disappeared only on day 50 p.i. Leukocytosis and peripheric eosinophilia were found at the early stage of infection. On days 14-28 p.i. the activity of serum creatine-kinase (CK) significantly increased. The activity of other enzymes (AST, ALT, LD, ALP and ALD) examined was increased only slightly and irregularly. The lipid content in blood serum markedly increased on days 9-16 p.i.
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PMID:Contribution to the symptomatology of experimental bovine cysticercosis. 408 25

Adriamycin, an anticancer drug, caused dramatic increases in the serum lipid levels of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male Lewis inbred rats were fed a basal or 1.5% cholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholic acid for 8 weeks. The rats were injected with adriamycin in doses of 1.5 mg/kg body weight, twice a week, and 6.0 mg/kg body weight, every other week. The serum lipid peroxide level gradually rose in adriamycin-treated rats, reaching a four-fold level at the end of the experiment. Cholesterol feeding, however, had a lowering effect on the lipid peroxide level. Adriamycin treatment or cholesterol feeding moderately elevated serum lipid levels, but their combination exerted a synergistic effect. In rats injected with a large dose of adriamycin and fed a high-cholesterol diet, the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels strikingly increased by approx. 2000, 1500 and 1300 mg/100 ml, respectively. However, the ester ratio of cholesterol remained almost constant. Furthermore, serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities were only slightly different from the control values. Adriamycin treatment produced severe hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was also observed in rats given a large dose of adriamycin. The present findings indicate that the hyperlipidemia we observed may basically result from adriamycin-induced nephrosis and can be markedly enhanced when rats are fed a high-cholesterol diet. In spite of remarkably high levels of serum lipids and lipid peroxides, the aortic cholesterol level increased only slightly.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemic effects of adriamycin in rats. 409 81

Physical, biochemical, and cytologic properties of synovial fluid from normal equine tarsal joints were investigated. Tarsal synovial fluid was pale yellow, clear, free of flocculent material, and did not clot. Volume varied in direct proportion to individual tarsal joint size. Relative viscosity was related to volume, polymerization and quantity of hyaluronic acid, and protein concentration. Mucinous precipitate quality (hyaluronic acid polymerization) was uniformly high. Results of certain analyses of serum were compared with those of tarsal synovial fluid. Tarsal synovial fluid protein concentration was low in conjunction with a high A:G ratio. Serum: synovial fluid sugar ratio was 1.24:1. Serum ALP, ACP, LDH, GOT, and GPT activity levels were higher than their corresponding levels of activity in tarsal synovial fluid. Serum ALD activity level was slightly lower than its tarsal synovial fluid counterpart. Total erythrocyte counts ranged markedly, while total leukocyte counts were uniform and low. Lymphocytes were the predominant synovial fluid cell type.
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PMID:Characteristics of normal equine tarsal synovial fluid. 422 34

Pancreatic juice gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) has been proposed as a marker of pancreatic disease. We have collected pancreatic juice endoscopically from 24 control patients and 43 patients with a variety of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary disorders. Pancreatic juice GGT, alanine transaminase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) were measured and found to be present in all samples. GGT was significantly higher in patients with pancreatic cancer (range 21-1175 IU/liter, P less than 0.005) compared with controls (range 2-52 IU/liter). Of 17 patients with pancreatic juice GGT concentrations greater than 52 IU/liter, eleven had definite pancreatic disease (seven pancreatic cancer, four chronic pancreatitis) and, in the remaining six, pancreatitis was possible although not proven. Pancreatic juice ALT and ALP provided no useful diagnostic criteria. GGT in pancreatic juice seems to be a nonspecific marker of pancreatic disease and merits further study.
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PMID:Pancreatic juice gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in pancreatic disease. 610 99

Biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I), a constituent of normal bile and serum, is a glycoprotein (mol. wt. approximately 90,000) containing about 40% carbohydrate. Serum BGP I (S-BGP I) was determined by means of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay in patients with liver and gastrointestinal disease and in healthy individuals. The serum levels of five liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (S-GT), and lactic dehydrogenase), bilirubin (total and conjugated), and bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) were determined in parallel. Healthy individuals had 0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/l of S-BGP I (mean +/- 2 S.D.; range, 0.2-0.9 mg/l). Most patients with liver disease (chronic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis) had elevated levels, up to 5-10 times the upper reference limit, whereas most patients with gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, other GI diseases) had normal values. In patients with liver disease S-BGP I was positively correlated (p less than 0.0005) to S-GT. In primary biliary cirrhosis a positive correlation (p less than 0.005) between S-BGP I and S-ALP was also obtained. All other comparisons between S-BGP I and the other liver function tests showed non-significant correlations. It is concluded that S-BGP I is a determinant of cholestasis of similar use as S-GT.
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PMID:Serum level of biliary glycoprotein I, a determinant of cholestasis, of similar use as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. 611 67

The effect of intestinal bacterial flora and endotoxin on fatty liver with germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) rat in the 12th and 24th week was investigated after giving fatty diet which was added 1% cholesterol-0.5% cholic acid to the basic diet. Results are as follows. Serum biochemistry Serum GOT, GPT, ALP and cholesterol values increased after giving the fatty diet in both groups. Limulus Gelation Test In CV group, endotoxin was detected in 2 of 10 cases in portal blood and was completely absent in arterial blood. After the fatty diet, endotoxin increased gradually both in portal and arterial blood. Cyclic AMP values on glucagon challenge (P/B ratio) In both groups, the levels of the P/B ratio maintained low values compared with control. In CV group, the values were lower in endotoxin positive cases than negative ones. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism Abnormal hepatic F6P , glucose, FDP and PEP values were observed in CV group and reduction of the levels of hepatic F6P , G6P and glucose values were remarkable in GF group. Hepatic G6P in CV group and FDP in GF group remained unchanged. Impairment of F6P and G6P in CV group, was significant in endotoxin positive cases than in negative ones.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of endogenous endotoxemia in chronic liver disease--with special reference to the experimental fatty liver in germfree animals]. 632 43

Sixty-four patients over the age of 40 years, undergoing elective surgery of at least one hour's duration, were randomized to treatment with either a thromboembolic deterrent ( TED ) stocking (Kendall Co.) or subcutaneous low-dose heparin 5 000 IU every 12 hours. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (S-gamma-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) were measured. S-ALAT increased significantly on the 5th and 10th postoperative day, from 27 +/- 2 (x +/- SE) to 40 +/- 4 (p less than 0.01) and 55 +/- 7 U/l (p less than 0.001), respectively, in the heparin group and was significantly higher in the heparin than in the TED group both on the 5th (p less than 0.01) and 10th (p less than 0.05) postoperative day. S-ASAT and S-gamma-GT increased significantly during heparin treatment, but did not differ significantly from the values of the TED group. No change in S-ALP was registered in either group. It is concluded that prophylactic treatment with low-dose heparin induces a significant increase in S-aminotransferase levels, especially in S-ALAT. The phenomenon has profound differential diagnostic implications in conditions such as pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Heparin-induced increase in serum levels of aminotranferases. A controlled clinical trial. 637 73


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