Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients with established fasciolosis and ten normal controls were enrolled in the study. The Fasciola patients were divided according to infection intensity into two groups (four patients with high intensity and thirteen patients with low intensity) as assessed by egg counts coupled with ultrasonography for detection of worms in the biliary system. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels were similar to those of the controls, within the accepted normal limits, before and after treatment denoting absence of hepatocellular injury. Total serum bile acids, individual bile acids: cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) were significantly higher among all patients as compared to the controls denoting a degree of cholestatic lesion in those patients. Patients with high infection intensity revealed higher parameters than those with low intensity. The difference was not significant. One month after treatment, there was a significant improvement in the cholestasis indicating parameters in all Fasciola cases compared to the pretreatment ones. This indicates the effective role of the drug on the hepatobiliary function. However, the levels were still different from the controls. In Fasciola infection, total and individual serum bile acids in conjunction with GGT and SAP evaluate the hepatobiliary status and detect any minor abnormalities especially in anicteric subjects. Studied after treatment, they can be useful indices for assessment of the improvement.
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PMID:Human fasciolosis: a study on the relation of infection intensity and treatment to hepatobiliary affection. 1060 89

The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) was evaluated in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver necrosis was produced by administering single dose of paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.). The liver damage was evidenced by elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and by histopathological observations of liver sections. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced these elevated levels of AST, ALT and gamma-GT. Paracetamol induced liver necrosis was also found to be reduced as observed macroscopically and histologically.
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PMID:Effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf aqueous extract on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. 1091 97

We compared liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane and minimal dose sufentanil versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with moderate dose of midazolam and sufentanil in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Eighty nine patients were studied retrospectively after VIMA (44 patients) or after TIVA (45 patients). Liver and renal function were measured before (T0), then 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 5 (T3) days and 6 weeks (T4) after the operation. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in both groups at T1, T2 and T3 and the highest levels were at T1. Levels of total bilirubin (TBil) increased at T1 only in the TIVA group. Levels of g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), increased in both groups at T3. Serum levels of creatinine (Cr) were high in both groups on T1 and T2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was high in both group at T2, and T3 with the peak levels in T2. Six weeks after the operation all liver and renal functions were normal in both groups. We concluded that VIMA with sevoflurane during cardiac surgery has no untoward effects on liver or renal functions. The transient reversible elevation was comparable in the VIMA and TIVA groups which was most probably due to the effect of the operation itself.
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PMID:Liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane versus TIVA with sufentanil-midazolam for CABG surgery. 1173 84

VRCTC-310-ONCO, an agent based on the snake phospholipase A2 (crotoxin), is currently under clinical development. After phase I study in patients by intramuscular administration, the interest of intravenous (IV) dosing arose. To evaluate IV administration of VRCTC-310-ONCO in rabbits, ten animals were subjected to surgical implant of fixed jugular catheter, by which they received daily IV doses of 0.03 mg/kg body weight of VRCTC-310-ONCO for 30 days (n = 8) or saline (n = 2). The procedure was well tolerated in all rabbits. One of the animals died after the sixth dose of VRCTC-310-ONCO with CNS involvement; two additional rabbits required dose-reduction. All other rabbits achieved 30 days of treatment and were sacrificed. All rabbits (even controls) developed lymphocytosis and mild anaemia, without changes in blood neutrophils. No changes were found in serum transaminases (GOT and GPT), cholesterol, triglycerides, and y-glutamyl transpeptidase. At necropsy, chronic granulation tissue was found surrounding the implant in all rabbits. VRCTC-3 10-ONCO-treated rabbits presented generalised and marked swelling of hepatocytes, with areas of cytoplasmic vacuolisation. No abnormalities were found in kidney, heart, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, uterus, testes and ovary. Additional studies with IV route for VRCTC-310-ONCO, including humans, are required to define its toxicity in the clinical setting.
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PMID:30-day intravenous administration of VRCTC-310-ONCO in rabbits. 1190 59

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in renal-transplant (RT) recipients with alpha-interferon is associated with a high rate of acute rejection. We therefore evaluated the biochemical, virological, histological efficacies, as well as the safety of one year ribavirin monotherapy in 16 HCV-(+) RNA (+) RT patients (group A) matched to 32 HCV-(+) RNA (+) RT patients (group B) who did not receive ribavirin. Ribavirin was initially started at a daily dose of 1000 mg and then adapted to hemoglobin level. Ribavirin monotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in AST, ALT and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Serum creatinine decreased as well. When proteinuria was present (n = 5), this decreased or disappeared. There was no significant changes in HCV viremia. The histological analysis of liver biopsies revealed a significant progression in liver fibrosis with no improvement in inflammation scores. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels, despite an important support by recombinant erythropoeitin. However, in three cases, ribavirin therapy had to be stopped. In group B, after 1 year of follow up, there was a significant increase in serum ALT and creatinine values. Proteinuria decreased in only 2 of 12 patients. In conclusion, one year ribavirin therapy in HCV-(+) RNA (+)ve RT has no impact upon liver histology, although it improves liver enzyme levels. It impact upon renal function remains unknown. Nevertheless when proteinuria is present it disappears.
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PMID:[Is there a place for ribavirin in the treatment for renal transplant patients infected by hepatitis C virus?]. 1272 14

Transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) is a new DNA virus found in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis. The prevalence of this virus among dental patients has not been reported, therefore, the prevalence of TTV infection in consecutive dental inpatients was evaluated. TTV DNA was assayed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 441 dental inpatients with oral cancer (n=192) or oral cysts (n=249). The serum HBs antigen and HCV antibody as well as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) concentrations were also measured. Of 441 subjects, 137 were infected with TTV (31.1%). This prevalence of TTV was much higher than that of HBV or HCV (HBV 1.2%; HCV 6.0%) in these dental patients. There was no gender or age difference in the prevalence of TTV infection. Of the 192 patients with oral cancer, 57 subjects had TTV in their sera, while 80 of 249 with oral cystic disease had TTV. The prevalence of TTV was similar between the two different disease groups. Neither the serum ALT nor serum AST concentrations were different between the subjects positive and negative for TTV DNA. In hospitalized dental patients, 31.1% were infected with TTV. The prevalence of TTV was much higher than that of HBV or HCV. There was no difference in the prevalence of TTV between subjects with cancer and cysts. Dentists should maintain high standards of infection control when treating any dental patient.
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PMID:Transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) in dental patients. 1272 80

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the in vitro cytotoxicity of cypermethrin (CM), and on glutathione (GSH) metabolism in rat hepatocytes. In vitro cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) leakage were measured, as indicators of hepatic damage, at 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to CM. Glutathione and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were also measured. CM hepatotoxicity increased in a time and dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 30 microM CM, ALT and AST also increased 49 and 130% (P < 0.05), respectively, indicating metabolic hepatocyte damage. AA (1 mM) was capable to preserve 100% of cell integrity and modulated ALT and AST. Furthermore, CM induced a 27% reduction in the endogenous antioxidant GSH, and increased 203% GST and 283% gamma-GT (P < 0.05), indicating an oxidative insult. The presence of AA showed chemopreventive capacity against CM, recovering 60% of GSH and a 54% decrease in gamma-GT activity. These results suggest that AA in a 1:33 (CM:AA) ratio can modulate up to 90% of the damage caused to the cells by CM. It also demonstrates that AA can act as a primary antioxidant and hepatoprotector in rat hepatocytes.
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PMID:Vitamin C protects against in vitro cytotoxicity of cypermethrin in rat hepatocytes. 1463 57

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.
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PMID:Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age. 1516 34

The change from measuring enzyme catalytic activity concentrations from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C in the German Federal Republic has led to the need for new reference ranges for defined patient groups and for healthy individuals. Up to now, these are only present as tentative values and are incomplete, especially for children. This article describes a method for deriving reference ranges from results obtained from measurement at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C and the use of percentiles to establish values for 37 degrees C. A total of 1,111,378 data from 507,305 patients were used to establish reference ranges for the following 11 enzymes at 37 degrees C using the test kits from Roche Diagnostics measured on the Modular analyser: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase - MB subunit, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase - isoenzyme 1. The computed reference ranges from the data used gave rise to reference ranges, some of which were in agreement with the data from the producer, some of which, however, showed deviations from the values given by the producer. Ranges for newborns, children and adolescents could be computed with the prerequisite that ranges for 25 degrees C were available and that these had been established and validated. This method of establishing reference ranges for catalytic enzyme activities can be used for all producers, providing the number of data used is sufficient to allow for valid statistical analysis.
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PMID:Establishment of reference intervals for enzyme catalytic activity concentration measurements at 37 degrees C--a practical approach. 1533 May 15

Anti-hepatotoxic activity of methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum stem (MEC) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in rats. Hepatotoxic rats were treated with MEC for a period of 90 days (60mg/kg body weight, daily, orally by intubation). Anti-hepatotoxic effect was studied by assaying the activities of serum marker enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. and glucose (6) phosphate dehydrogenase in liver. We also estimated the concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum, liver and kidney. The activities of all the marker enzymes registered a significant elevation in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals co-administered with MEC. Other biochemical changes induced by carbon tetrachloride too showed reliable signs of retrieving towards the normalcy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical investigations. This study unravels the anti-hepatotoxic activity of MEC.
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PMID:Effect of Coscinium fenestratum on hepatotoxicity in rats. 1557 29


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