Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of cadaveric organ donors with positive serologic tests for hepatitis C (HCV) has caused considerable debate. We have reviewed the clinical course of 43 EIA1 HCV-negative recipients who received kidney transplants from EIA1 HCV-positive donors (Study). We have attempted to define the rate of HCV-RNA transmission and to determine the frequency of HCV disease transmission as determined by abnormalities in liver function tests. Viral transmission was assessed using serologic assays for HCV antibody formation (EIA1, EIA2, and Matrix--an automated multiple antigen immunoblot assay) and with PCR testing for the presence of HCV-RNA on recipient sera. Liver function was followed longitudinally in the Study patients and compared with a group of 103 kidney recipients of organs from EIA1 HCV-negative donors (Control). Of the Study patients, 56% became PCR-positive for HCV-RNA, suggesting the transmission of HCV-RNA from the HCV-positive donor. Interpretation of serologic tests for HCV was complex. Currently available first (EIA1) and second (EIA2) generation serologic assays were always negative. The multiple antigen immunoblots assay (Matrix) had a high positive predictive value (93%) for the presence of HCV-RNA transmission, but one-third of Matrix-negative Study patients were PCR-positive (sensitivity = 66%). Currently, only 38% of recipients have HCV-RNA, suggesting that the virus may have been cleared by one-third of Study recipients who had circulating virus. Traditional tests of liver function (ALT, AST, AP, and GGT) were of limited use in predicting HCV-RNA transmission. Average AST, AP, and GGT were similar in the two groups. Average ALT was increased (93 I/U and 47 I/U) in Study and Control patients, respectively, but this difference was not significant. Episodes of abnormal liver function (ALT 60-99 IU for > or = 14 days) occurred in 22% of Study and 10% of Control patients (P = NS) and lasted longer in Study compared with Control patients (301 vs. 138 days; P < 0.02). Hepatitis (ALT > or = 100 IU for > 14 days) occurred with an equal frequency (6.5%) in both groups. The presence of HCV-RNA did not predict episodes of abnormal liver function. Fulminant hepatitis or rapidly progressive cirrhosis did not occur in the recipients of organs from HCV-positive donors. These data demonstrate a high efficiency of transfer of HCV-RNA by kidney transplantation from an HCV-positive donor to an HCV-negative recipient. A majority of the patients have asymptomatic HCV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Transmission of hepatitis C by kidney transplantation--the risks. 815 29

An inverse relation is known to link blood potassium with renal synthesis and the release of ammonia. Given the liability of hyperammonemia for precipitating hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 28 patients affected by stage I HE were equally divided into two groups and maintained up to their death at the highest (5.4-5.5 mEq/l) or the lowest (3.5-3.6 mEq/l) normokalemia levels. When compared with the lowest normokalemia group, the highest one showed an early, albeit transient, improvement in the mental state (as assessed by both EEG and psychiatric investigations) and to a lesser extent in hepatic functions (as assessed by the variations in serum bilirubin, GPT, GGT and plasma prothrombin time). In the highest normokalemia group the survival was also prolonged. The cause of this improvement may be related to the induced decrease in blood pH, the consequent depression of renal ammoniagenesis and the rise in the arterial and urine NH+4/NH3 ratios. These factors reduce the entry of ammonia into the cells and enhance the urinary excretion of this metabolite, respectively.
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PMID:The importance of the highest normokalemia in the treatment of early hepatic encephalopathy. 816 17

This study was carried out to evaluated the role of the fibronectin (FN) in chronic liver diseases. For these reasons FN plasmatic concentration was assayed in patient with different degrees of chronic liver disease. For these reasons FN plasmatic concentration was assayed in patient with different degrees of chronic liver disease; the correlation between FN and the most common parameters of liver function was also evaluated. Moreover we also correlated FN plasma levels with laminin and the N-terminale peptide of type III procollagen, serum levels, that are through to be markers of fibrogenesis. 172 patients were studied: twenty-one patients suffering from chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 45 from chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 106 from liver cirrhosis (LC). Last patients were also divided according the Child-Pugh's classification. Control group was composed of 74 healthy blood donors. Significant reduction of plasmatic levels of FN was found in the LC groups in comparison with control group (p < 0.0001) and also with CPH group (p < 0.01) and with CAH group (p < 0.0001). Lower values of FN were found in the LC group at advanced stage (Child-Pugh's B and C classes). In the group of CAH significant correlations with the parameters of cholestasis (GGT, APh, Tot. Bil. p < 0.005) were found, while in the group of LC significant correlations both with the parameters of synthesis (Alb. and Protr. time p < 0.01) and necrosis (AST/ALT p < 0.001). A negative correlation was also found between FN and spleen volume (p < 0.05). No correlation between FN and the parameters of fibrosis was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Plasma fibronectin in chronic liver diseases]. 821 Jun 24

When examining diseased calves, sporadically pronounced haemoglobinuria with dark red urine can be observed. In serious cases the clinical picture may be manifold but peculiar; in easy cases, however, when there are no distinct clinical symptoms, a larger scale of examinations is needed to aid differential diagnosis. Eight roughage-fed bulls aged two months, weighing 55-71 kg were used in this experiment. Selected biochemical indices of the mineral, enzymatic, hepatic, energetic and urinary profile were determined in the blood serum and urine of the animals. After the administration of cold water at an amount representing 12% of the animal's body weight, ionogram values were determined. In all indices a positive correlation with hydraemia and a decrease in Na, Cl, Ca, Mg and P levels were observed. Correction of the above levels occurred within 24 hours, with the exception of Na and P concentrations that did not reach starting values. As to the enzymatic profile (AST, ALT, GGT), no pronounced disturbances could be observed. The most profound changes were seen in AST activity that increased in the 5th hour of the experiment. A slight tendency towards hypoproteinaemia was observed to continue even in 24 hours. Hypoglobulinaemia reached its starting value in the 24th hour while simultaneously albumin levels slightly increased. The increasing bilirubin levels reached their maximum in the 5th and 6th hour; correction of the former occurred within 24 hours. The urinary profile revealed polyuria, aciduria, aquaeous urine and haemoglobinuria, the latter reaching its peak between hours 1 and 3 following water administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental paroxysmal hemoglobinuria in calves and selected biochemical indicators in the blood and urine]. 823 29

To evaluate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment according to the severity of primary biliary cirrhosis, a long-term prospective open trial in 54 consecutive PBC patients, 19 with histological stage I-II, 24 stage III, and 11 stage IV was carried out. UDCA was administered at a dosage of 250 mg twice a day. Clinical and biochemical assessment (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, bilirubin) were done initially and every six months. Serum hyaluronate (HY) and type III procollagen amino propeptide (PIIIP) were also evaluated, as they are considered markers of fibrosis and prognosis. All patients were followed-up for at least two years (24-36 months); results were analyzed at 24 months after treatment. The composite pruritus score failed to show significant changes during UDCA treatment, while intensity score demonstrated a significant reduction from the 6th month. Patients with histological stage I-II disease had a significant decrease of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GGT) after six months and maintained the levels up to 24 months. The patients with histological stage III disease showed a significant decrease of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (but not GGT) up to month 18; subsequently AST and ALT serum levels increased, reaching values comparable to baseline by 24 months. In patients with histological stage IV disease no significant change in liver enzymes was observed during the follow-up. HY and PIIIP serum levels failed to show significant changes during UDCA treatment in the three groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Different response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary biliary cirrhosis according to severity of disease. 828 73

Orthotopic liver transplantation has become the accepted treatment for end-stage liver disease in children. To evaluate the efficacy of the University of Wisconsin (UW) preservation solution in pediatric liver transplantation, a group of 34 livers preserved with UW solution was compared in a nonrandomized fashion with a historical control group of 34 livers preserved with Euro Collins (EC) solution. Primary graft nonfunction did not occur in either group. Both groups were similar with respect to age, sex, weight, diagnosis, severity of the recipient's condition, donor condition at harvest, donor/recipient blood type match, and immunosuppressive management. The UW group had a significantly higher bilirubin, AST, ALT, and GGT during the first week after transplantation when compared with the EC group but no significant differences were noted after the ninth post-transplant day. No differences were noted when the groups were compared as to surgery time (9.1 v 8.4 hours), blood volumes replaced (1.8 v 2.0), number of ICU days (5.0 v 6.5), total number of infections per graft (1.0 v 0.8), total hospital days (31 v 30), and hospital cost ($134,000 v $126,000). The total preservation time was improved from 7 hours (range, 3.2 to 9.9) in the EC group to 13.9 hours (range, 6.9 to 22.3) in the UW group (P < .001). UW solution allows a significant increase in cold ischemic time in liver transplantation when compared with EC. This increase in preservation time resulted in no detrimental effect when compared with EC and potentially led to milder episodes of rejection in the postoperative period.
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PMID:University of Wisconsin preservation solution compared with Euro Collins preservation solution in pediatric liver transplantation. 834 Aug 64

1. Over an 8-year period, 19 biochemical parameters have been determined at various ages in the blood serum of 92 clinically healthy Lechwe waterbucks (Kobus leche), 33 males and 59 females. 2. Significant differences have been noted with age. In neonates, the lowest values of total proteins, glucose, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT and iron have been noted; the highest ones have been seen for cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus. 3. With regard to sex, raised values of glucose, urea, alkaline phosphatase and ALT, and lowered values of cholesterol, have been noted in juvenile females compared with males of the same age. 4. In adult females, higher levels of urea and cholesterol and lower levels of glucose, triglycerides and natrium have been recorded compared with males. 5. With sex and age, no significant changes have been found in the levels of GGT, magnesium, chlorides and copper. 6. Our findings are discussed with those abstracted from the literature for related species.
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PMID:Serum chemistry profiles for Lechwe waterbucks (Kobus leche): variations with age and sex. 840 53

The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzyme activity of cellular membranes (GGT), cytosol (ALT, AST) and lysosome (AP, AcP) in the cytosol, whole homogenate and blood serum during declamping shock, following release of abdominal aorta cross-clamping. The aorta was clamped for 60 minutes. An increase in GGT, AP and AcP activities in the cytosol and whole homogenate of the renal cortex, renal medulla, liver, lung, heart and the skeletal muscle occurs after declamping. Rise in the enzymatic activity, especially of acid phosphatase is higher when the aorta above renal arteries was clamped. However, its activity in the blood serum remains unchanged. Alterations in the distribution and the activity of the studied enzymes may indicate that aortic clamping damages the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal membranes. Yet, cellular membranes preserve their structural and functional integrity.
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PMID:Activity of membrane, cytosol and lysosome enzymes in organs and blood serum during declamping shock. 852 88

The absence of breast development and the prevention of osteoporosis in Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) require oestrogen/gestagen substitution therapy. In 8 out of 35 (23%) patients with UTS treated with conjugated equine oestrogens and cyclically with norethisterone acetate, the serum liver enzymes increased to conspicuous levels (AST 35; 20-73 U/l, ALT 92; 37-141 U/l, GGT 77; 25-227 U/l, [median; min-max]). These findings were compared with those in 41 tall girls who received a six-fold larger dose of conjugated equine oestrogens for the reduction of final height. None of these 41 girls showed abnormal serum liver enzyme levels. The conspicuous rise in serum liver enzyme levels occurred in the majority of the UTS patients before norethistherone acetate was added to the oestrogen replacement therapy. No essential morphological equivalent was found in liver sonography and biopsy studies. During the follow up the elevated serum liver enzyme levels showed reversibility when medication was temporarily discontinued and either a slow decrease or a steady state after therapy was continued. CONCLUSION. Patients with UTS on oral oestrogen replacement therapy are more susceptible to develop increased serum liver enzyme levels as compared with eukaryotic females treated with the same oestrogen preparation for other disorders. As the underlying pathomechanism is unknown and adverse long-term effects cannot be ruled out, avoiding the portal vein and using the transdermal application of oestrogen may represent a viable solution to the problem.
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PMID:Effect of oestrogen/gestagen replacement therapy on liver enzymes in patients with Ullrich-Turner syndrome. 1119 21

The Veneto region EQA program has been developed on the basis of the law that created the national health service and then on the regional social-health plans. Organizer and reference laboratory is the Biomedical Research Center in Castelfranco Veneto (TV). The aim of the program is to describe the state of the art in the public and private laboratories, and to evaluate the performances of each laboratory according to the schemes recommended by the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS). Even though the program was not obligatory, participation has always been about 80% for public laboratories and increased from 70% to almost 100% in the private ones. The results showed very good interlaboratory agreement for electrolytes; iron assay has improved in the last two years; there have been standardization problems for urea and creatinine; among enzymes, the results are good for GGT and ALT, but not satisfactory for AST and more so for ALP. Since 1990, accuracy evaluation for 9 constituents has been introduced. The results are good for electrolytes and organic constituents but standardization problems are shown for enzyme methods, especially with ALP and AST.
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PMID:Organization and results of the Veneto region (Italy) external quality assessment program for clinical chemistry. 854 66


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