Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total serum bile acids were estimated by an enzymic (3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) method in 173 fasting patients with different liver diseases, classified into 17 groups by morphological criteria. The results were not highly correlated with those for any of the other 24 tests included in the study, but moderate correlations were observed with bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase (positive) and with prealbumin (negative) in a few patient groups. The sensitivity of total bile acids in serum of fasting individuals as a liver-function test was rather high, comparable with that of serum enzymes. When discriminant analysis was used to identify optimal combinations of tests for the separation of different groups of liver diseases, we found that data on serum bile acids added some new information to that carried by the other 24 tests.
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PMID:Bile acids measured in serum during fasting as a test for liver disease. 65 87

One hundred and eighty seven patients (155 males, 32 females) with histologically proven and previously untreated head and neck cancer were entered in the study. A total of 222 cycles of therapy were analyzed (cisplatin 100 mg m-2 on day 1 and 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU 550-1069 mg m-2 day-1, mean 875.5 mg m-2 day-1). Significant interpatient variability for various 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters was observed including an almost ten-fold range in 5-FU clearance (5-FU Cl, ml min-1 m-2 = 791-7769, mean 2820.7). Log 5-FU Cl was not modified by 5-FU dose (r = -0.1034, P = 0.124, n = 222). Poor linear correlations between log 5-FU Cl and hepatic function tests were observed (respective r and P values for 222 cycles, log AST:0.0526, 0.4365; Log ALT: -0.1167, 0.0842; Log A1K. Phos.:0.154, 0.0214; Log GGT: 0.0652, 0.3436; Log LDH: -0.0984, 0.1563; Log bilirubin: 0.1278, 0.0601). The log 5-FU Cl was also poorly correlated with the serum concentration of various nutritional proteins (respective r and P values for 222 cycles, Albumin: 0.0110, 0.8714; prealbumin: -0.1067, 0.1129; transferrin: 0.0439, 0.5226). Laboratory data including indices of hepatic function and nutritional status cannot account for the interpatient variability in 5-FU disposition.
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PMID:No effect of dose, hepatic function, or nutritional status on 5-FU clearance following continuous (5-day), 5-FU infusion. 849 17

Serum ferritin, prealbumin, pseudocholinesterase, alpha-1-antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin were determined in control subjects and patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis or extra-pancreatic disease mainly of gastrointestinal origin, in order to investigate the different hepatic changes which influence serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other digestive diseases. Increased circulating ferritin was found in pancreatic cancer and extra-pancreatic disease when compared to controls. Correlations were detected between ferritin and the other proteins investigated and between ferritin and total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that cholestasis accounts for 45% of circulating ferritin, the acute-phase response accounted for 18% and decreased liver function accounted for 11%. We conclude that the increase in serum ferritin in chronic pancreatic and other gastrointestinal diseases largely depends on liver changes, with cholestasis probably playing a primary role.
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PMID:Hepatic changes and serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases: the role of cholestasis. 202 31

A freely mobile jacket and tether system was developed for the investigation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-induced metabolic bone disease and complications of prolonged TPN in 12 Macaca fascicularis nonhuman primates. The animals received TPN for 49 +/- 7 d (means +/- SEM), providing 82 +/- 2 kcal.kg-1.d-1. Serum glucose increased from 3.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/L at baseline to 8.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/L (p less than 0.01) during TPN, and serum albumin decreased from 38 +/- 1 g/L at baseline to 29 +/- 1 g/L (p less than 0.001) during 2.75% amino acid TPN and 30 +/- 2 g/L (p less than 0.01) during 5% amino acid TPN infusion. No significant changes were seen in serum prealbumin, total protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and 5'-nucleotidase during TPN infusion. Major complications included catheter sepsis, hyperglycemia, diarrhea, and premature death in six animals. Thus, metabolic complications of prolonged TPN support may be investigated in a freely mobile nonhuman primate.
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PMID:Long-term parenteral nutrition in unrestrained nonhuman primates: an experimental model. 210 76

A training program was started in nine patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The patients were examined before and after a training period of 4-5 weeks and 10-12 weeks, respectively. The calculated oxygen consumption increased by 19% and 29%, and the estimated work load capacity improved. No change occurred in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, serum bilirubin, or prealbumin, whereas creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly. The clinical condition did not worsen in any patient, and most of the patients felt that their physical performance capacity had improved. We conclude that long-term regular physical training is well tolerated by patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission and that training leads to improvement in the oxygen consumption and the estimated work load capacity in such patients.
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PMID:Improvement of physical capacity after long-term training in patients with chronic active hepatitis. 667 79

Treatment of mice with 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCf) for 5 days produced inhibition of spleen and lymph node adenosine deaminase (E. C. 3.5.4.4) activity but no hematologic toxicity or weight loss. A 64-fold elevation of erythrocyte dATP was observed. However, if mice were injected with 2'-deoxyadenosine (AdR) in combination with dCf, weight loss, hematologic toxicity, and liver cell necrosis occurred. These mice had a severe blood coagulation defect and a 73-fold elevation of plasma alanine transaminase activity, plasma prealbumin became undetectable, and erythrocyte dATP levels were elevated 1500-fold. Death during treatment appeared to be from acute liver failure since bone marrow toxicity was only detected following termination of treatment. These effects were not seen in mice receiving adenosine in combination with dCf. dCf, either alone or in combination with AdR, inhibited the contact sensitization to oxazalone in mice. The inhibition was associated with signs of systemic toxicity which were more pronounced in the combination-treated groups. If dATP is the toxic metabolic accumulated in the malignant cells of patients treated with dCf, we propose that AdR supplementation of treatment should be considered with extreme caution since severe damage to normal tissues might result.
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PMID:Toxicity and immunosuppressive activity of binary combinations of 2'-deoxycoformycin and 2'-deoxyadenosine. 697 54

A group of 291 children aged 3 weeks to 6 1/2 years was examined at a public maternal and child health center and 260 of them - who were considered to be healthy - were included in the present study. By venipuncture, serum was obtained for the analysis of 6 enzymes, and plasma for the estimation of 9 proteins and for lipid analyses. In different age groups, high levels were found for alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin and transferrin were present at low concentrations during the first months of life. Transferrin rose later in childhood to above adult levels. Only immunoglobulin M showed a sex difference, with higher values for girls. Breast-fed infants had higher (non-fasting) concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides than formula-fed babies, and they also had higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
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PMID:The levels of serum enzymes, plasma proteins and lipids in normal infants and small children. 731 Mar 26

The changes in serum prealbumin (transthyretin) and serum albumin in acute and chronic liver diseases were investigated. Albumin has long been used as a useful indicator of liver function but serum prealbumin has recently been noted for its clinical significance in acute liver diseases. Serum prealbumin concentrations and liver function tests (albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase) were determined on blood obtained from normal donors (n = 148) and from patients suffering from liver diseases (n = 78) such as acute viral hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma. The mean serum prealbumin concentration in normal subjects was 29.6 +/- 4.82 mg/dl while the mean serum prealbumin concentration in patients with liver disease was greatly reduced (acute viral hepatitis = 15.3 +/- 7.4mg/dl; chronic active hepatitis = 10.2 +/- 6.6mg/dl; cirrhosis = 9.9 +/- 6.4mg/dl and hepatoma = 10.7 +/- 4.2). Albumin concentrations dropped slightly (13% compared to control) in acute viral hepatitis but dropped markedly (28% compared to control) in chronic liver diseases. The study suggests that serum prealbumin concentration might be a more sensitive indicator than albumin in assessing liver dysfunction in acute liver diseases.
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PMID:Prealbumin rather than albumin is a more sensitive indicator of acute liver disease. 806 77

The serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA) concentrations of 44 mercury-exposed workers were examined and compared with those of non-exposed, age- and sex-matched individuals. At the time of testing, the exposed population had a mean (+/- S.D.) mercury urinary concentration of 24.7 +/- 19.1 and in 40 of them urinary mercury levels were below the currently accepted limit of 50 micrograms/g creatinine. Increased IgG, IgA and IgM levels were found in the mercury-exposed individuals and in 16, a second evaluation was performed six months later. During the intervening six months, the level of hygiene was improved throughout the plant, and urinary mercury concentrations were determined monthly in each worker. Despite a significant reduction in mercury urinary concentrations, serum immunoglobulin levels did not return to the normal range. There was no correlation between the length or level of exposure and the immunoglobulin levels. Liver protein synthesis, as studied by factor V, prothrombin time, prealbumin and transaminase activity, was normal and liver injury, as evaluated by serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities (AST and ALT, respectively), was not observed. No haematological abnormalities were noted. These results indicate that "safe" levels of mercury exposure may lead to humoral immunological stimulation.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin levels in workers exposed to inorganic mercury. 819 Jul 5

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review. 1218 2


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